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Fig. 1 in Development and gastrulation in Hyloxalus vertebralis and Dendrobates auratus (Anura: Dendrobatidae)
Fig. 1. External views of H. vertebralis embryos from cleavage to the neurula stage. (A) Stage 2: Two-cell stage. (B) Stage 4: Eightcell stage. (C) Stage 5: Sixteen-cell stage. (D) Stage 9: Advanced blastula. (E) Stage 10: Early gastrula. (F) Stage 11: Mid-gastrula. (G) Stage 12: Late-gastrula. (H) Stage 12.5: Late-gastrula with a small yolk plug. (I) Stage 13: Slit-blastopore stage. (J) Stage 13.5: Advanced slit-blastopore stage. The neural plate was visible. (K) Stage 14: Early neural fold stage. (L) Stage 15: Mid-neural fold stage. In this and the following figures, the developmental stage (st) is given in top right-hand corner of each image; b, blastopore; c, cleavage furrow; dl, dorsal blastopore lip; np, neural plate; nt, neural tube; yp, yolk plug.
Fig. 3 in Development and gastrulation in Hyloxalus vertebralis and Dendrobates auratus (Anura: Dendrobatidae)
Fig. 3. Internal morphology of the H. vertebralis and D. auratus early gastrula. Micrographs of H. vertebralis embryos are shown in A, B, E–G, and micrographs of D. auratus embryos are shown in C, D, H–J. Sections shown in E–G, I–J were stained for cell nuclei. (A) Stage 9: Sagittal section of an advanced blastula. (B) Stage 10: Sagittal section of an early gastrula. (C) Stage 10: Sagittal section of an early gastrula. (D) Stage 11: Sagittal section of the mid-gastrula. (E) Stage 10: Higher magnification of the dorsal blastopore groove from the embryo in B. The arrow signals a bottle cell. (F) Stage 10: The blastocoel roof of an early gastrula. It was two-three cells in thickness. (G) Stage 12.5: One cell layer in the blastocoel roof of a late-gastrula. (H) Stage 10: Higher magnification from the embryo in C. The arrow signals a bottle cell. (I) Stage 10: The blastocoel roof of an early gastrula of two cells in thickness. (J) Stage 11: The blastocoel roof of mid-gastrula with one-two cells in thickness. bl, blastocoel; bg, blastopore groove; dl, dorsal blastopore lip; vl, ventral blastopore lip.
Fig. 7. Stage 17 in Development and gastrulation in Hyloxalus vertebralis and Dendrobates auratus (Anura: Dendrobatidae)
Fig. 7. Stage 17: Tail bud stage of H. vertebralis embryos. (A) Lateral view of an embryo. (B) Cross section through the trunk region of the embryo in A. (C) Horizontal section at the level of the notochord and somites with the rostral region towards the left. A row of somites was detected on each side of the notochord. A portion of the neural tube was detected in the rostral region of the section. br, branchial arch; e, endoderm; ec, ectoderm; hy, hyoid arch; ma, mandibular arch; n notochord; nt, neural tube; s, somite.
Fig. 6. Stage 16 in Development and gastrulation in Hyloxalus vertebralis and Dendrobates auratus (Anura: Dendrobatidae)
Fig. 6. Stage 16: Closure of the neural tube in embryos of H. vertebralis and D. auratus. Micrographs of H. vertebralis embryos are shown in A, C, and micrographs of D. auratus embryos are shown in B, D. Sections shown in C–D were stained for cell nuclei. (A–B) Dorsal views of embryos. The neural tube was closed. The branchial arches were visible in the head region. (C) Cross section through the rostral region, anterior to the notochord. The neural tube was completely closed. (Reproduced from Hervas and del Pino, 2013). (D) Cross sections through the trunk region of an embryo. The somites were visible. br, branchial arch; e, endoderm; ec, ectoderm; hy, hyoid arch; ma, mandibular arch; m, mesoderm; n notochord; nt, neural tube; s, somite.
Fig. 2 in Development and gastrulation in Hyloxalus vertebralis and Dendrobates auratus (Anura: Dendrobatidae)
Fig. 2. External views of H. vertebralis embryos from closure of the neural tube to hatching. (A) Stage 16.5: Closure of the neural tube. (B) Stage 17: Tail bud stage. The brachial arches protruded on the sides of the head. (C) Stage 19: Embryo at the muscular response stage. (D) Stage 19.5: Gill buds of the two external gill pairs were visible. (E) Stage 21: Development of the external gills. There were seven branches in the first gill pair and the second gill pair was unbranched. (F) Stage 25: Embryo at hatching. br, branchial arch; e, eye; g, gills; gb, gill bud; tf, tail fin.
Fig. 5. Stage 15 in Development and gastrulation in Hyloxalus vertebralis and Dendrobates auratus (Anura: Dendrobatidae)
Fig. 5. Stage 15: Mid-neural fold stage of embryos of H. vertebralis and D. auratus. Micrographs of H. vertebralis embryos are shown in A, C, and micrographs of D. auratus embryos are shown in B, D. Sections shown in C–D were stained for cell nuclei. (A–B) Dorsal views of embryos. The neural tube was open in embryos of both species. (C) Cross section through the caudal region. The notochord was not detected in this caudal region (Reproduced from Hervas and del Pino, 2013). (D) Cross section through the trunk region. The notochord was visible. e, endoderm; ec, ectoderm; n, notochord; nf neural fold; pm, paraxial mesoderm.
Fig. 10. Stages 20–22 in Development and gastrulation in Hyloxalus vertebralis and Dendrobates auratus (Anura: Dendrobatidae)
Fig. 10. Stages 20–22: External gill development in H. vertebralis. (A) Stage 20: Circulation to the external gills. Three branches were visible in the first gill pair. The second gill pair was unbranched. (B) Stage 22: The external gills enlarged. Seven branches were visible in the first gill pair. The second gill pair was unbranched. (C) Stage 20: Horizontal section at the level of the brain. (D) Stage 22: Horizontal section at the level of the internal gills. bn, brain; ey, eye; ec, ectoderm; fg, first gill pair; g, internal gill; nt, notochord; ot, otocyst; s, somite; sg, second gill pair.
Fig. 9. Stage 19 in Development and gastrulation in Hyloxalus vertebralis and Dendrobates auratus (Anura: Dendrobatidae)
Fig. 9. Stage 19: Muscular response stage of H. vertebralis and D. auratus embryos. Micrographs of H. vertebralis embryos are shown in A, C, E, and micrographs of D. auratus embryos are shown in B, D, F. (A) Lateral view of an embryo. (B) Dorsal view of an embryo. The developing gills were visible. (C–D) Cross sections through the trunk. The dorsal fin was visible in C, and the pronephros in D. (E) Horizontal section at the level of the gut. (F) Horizontal section at the level of the brain and the gut. bn, brain; df, dorsal fin; fg, first gill pair; g, gut; gb, gill bud; hy, hyoid arch; ma, mandibular arch; n notochord; nt, neural tube; p, pronephros; s, somite.
The PANORAMA Challenge: Public Training and Development Dataset (2)
<p>This dataset represents the <strong><a href="https://panorama.grand-challenge.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">PANORAMA</a>: Public Training and Development Dataset</strong>. It contains 2238 anonymized contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) scans acquired at two centers (Radboud University Medical Center, University Medical Center Groningen) based in The Netherlands. Additionally, it contains 194 cases from the <strong><a href="http://medicaldecathlon.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Medical Segmentation Decathlon</a> </strong>dataset and 80 cases from<strong> <a href="https://www.cancerimagingarchive.net/collection/pancreas-ct/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Institutes of Health</a></strong>. For all updates/fixes regarding this dataset, please join the challenge and check out our <a href="https://grand-challenge.org/forums/forum/panorama-pancreatic-cancer-diagnosis-radiologists-meet-ai-711/topic/public-training-and-development-dataset-updates-and-fixes-2213/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">dedicated forum post</a> on this topic. The corresponding labels of the PANORAMA dataset can be found <a href="https://github.com/DIAGNijmegen/panorama_labels">here</a>. </p> <p>The PANORAMA challenge is an all-new grand challenge that aims to validate the diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence and radiologists at pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) detection/diagnosis in CECT, with histopathology and follow-up (≥ 3 years) as the reference standard, in a retrospective setting in the hidden testing dataset. The study hypothesizes that state-of-the-art AI algorithms are non-inferior to radiologists reading CECT.</p> <p>Key aspects of the PANORAMA study design have been established in conjunction with an international scientific advisory board of 13 experts in AI and pancreas radiology as well as a patient representative —to unify and standardize present-day guidelines, and to ensure meaningful validation of pancreas AI towards clinical translation (<strong><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405456921001607">Reinke et al., 2021</a></strong>).</p> <p><em>This PANORAMA dataset contains: batch <strong>2</strong> <strong>out of 4</strong></em></p>
The PANORAMA Challenge: Public Training and Development Dataset (1)
<p>This dataset represents the <strong><a href="https://panorama.grand-challenge.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">PANORAMA</a>: Public Training and Development Dataset</strong>. It contains 2238 anonymized contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) scans acquired at two centers (Radboud University Medical Center, University Medical Center Groningen) based in The Netherlands. Additionally, it contains 194 cases from the <strong><a href="http://medicaldecathlon.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Medical Segmentation Decathlon</a> </strong>dataset and 80 cases from<strong> <a href="https://www.cancerimagingarchive.net/collection/pancreas-ct/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Institutes of Health</a></strong>. For all updates/fixes regarding this dataset, please join the challenge and check out our <a href="https://grand-challenge.org/forums/forum/panorama-pancreatic-cancer-diagnosis-radiologists-meet-ai-711/topic/public-training-and-development-dataset-updates-and-fixes-2213/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">dedicated forum post</a> on this topic. The corresponding labels of the PANORAMA dataset can be found <a href="https://github.com/DIAGNijmegen/panorama_labels">here</a>. </p> <p>The PANORAMA challenge is an all-new grand challenge that aims to validate the diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence and radiologists at pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) detection/diagnosis in CECT, with histopathology and follow-up (≥ 3 years) as the reference standard, in a retrospective setting in the hidden testing dataset. The study hypothesizes that state-of-the-art AI algorithms are non-inferior to radiologists reading CECT.</p> <p>Key aspects of the PANORAMA study design have been established in conjunction with an international scientific advisory board of 13 experts in AI and pancreas radiology as well as a patient representative —to unify and standardize present-day guidelines, and to ensure meaningful validation of pancreas AI towards clinical translation (<strong><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405456921001607">Reinke et al., 2021</a></strong>).</p> <p><em>This PANORAMA dataset contains: batch <strong>1</strong> <strong>out of 4</strong></em></p>
(08)-Strobl2021A-DS0002 – Tribolium castaneum ACOS{ATub'H2B-mRuby} #1 subline long-term live imaging dataset of embryonic development acquired with light sheet fluorescence microscopy
<p>(08)-Strobl2021A-DS0002 – <em>Tribolium castaneum</em> ACOS{ATub'H2B-mRuby} #1 subline long-term live imaging data of embryonic development acquired with light sheet fluorescence microscopy</p>
(08)-Strobl2021A-DS0001 – Tribolium castaneum AGOC{Zen1'#O(LA)-mEmerald} #1 subline long-term live imaging dataset of embryonic development acquired with light sheet fluorescence microscopy
<p>(08)-Strobl2021A-DS0001 – <em>Tribolium castaneum</em> AGOC{Zen1'#O(LA)-mEmerald} #1 subline long-term live imaging dataset of embryonic development acquired with light sheet fluorescence microscopy</p>
(07)-Ratke2020A-DS0005 – Tribolium castaneum AGOC{Zen1'#O(LA)-mEmerald} #2 subline long-term live imaging dataset of embryonic development acquired with light sheet fluorescence microscopy
<p>(07)-Ratke2020A-DS0005 – <em>Tribolium castaneum</em> AGOC{Zen1'#O(LA)-mEmerald} #2 subline long-term live imaging dataset of embryonic development acquired with light sheet fluorescence microscopy</p>
(07)-Ratke2020A-DS0004 – Tribolium castaneum AGOC{Zen1'#O(LA)-mEmerald} #1 subline long-term live imaging dataset of embryonic development acquired with light sheet fluorescence microscopy
<p>(07)-Ratke2020A-DS0004 – <em>Tribolium castaneum</em> AGOC{Zen1'#O(LA)-mEmerald} #1 subline long-term live imaging dataset of embryonic development acquired with light sheet fluorescence microscopy</p>
(07)-Ratke2020A-DS0003 – Drosophila melanogaster w[*]; P{w[+mC]=His2Av-EGFP.C}2/SM6a line long-term live imaging dataset of embryonic development acquired with light sheet fluorescence microscopy
<p>(07)-Ratke2020A-DS0003 – <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> w[*]; P{w[+mC]=His2Av-EGFP.C}2/SM6a line long-term live imaging dataset of embryonic development acquired with light sheet fluorescence microscopy</p>
(07)-Ratke2020A-DS0001 – Drosophila melanogaster y[1] w[67c23]; P{w[+mC]=Ubi-GFP.nls}ID-2; P{Ubi-GFP.nls}ID-3 line long-term live imaging dataset of embryonic development acquired with light sheet fluorescence microscopy
<p>(07)-Ratke2020A-DS0001 – <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> y[1] w[67c23]; P{w[+mC]=Ubi-GFP.nls}ID-2; P{Ubi-GFP.nls}ID-3 line long-term live imaging dataset of embryonic development acquired with light sheet fluorescence microscopy</p>
(08)-Strobl2021A-DS0003 – Tribolium castaneum Gruul #1 hybrid line long-term live imaging dataset of embryonic development acquired with light sheet fluorescence microscopy
<p>(08)-Strobl2021A-DS0003 – <em>Tribolium castaneum</em> Gruul #1 hybrid line long-term live imaging dataset of embryonic development acquired with light sheet fluorescence microscopy</p>
(07)-Ratke2020A-DS0006 – Tribolium castaneum AGOC{Zen1'#O(LA)-mEmerald} #3 subline long-term live imaging dataset of embryonic development acquired with light sheet fluorescence microscopy
<p>(07)-Ratke2020A-DS0006 – <em>Tribolium castaneum</em> AGOC{Zen1'#O(LA)-mEmerald} #3 subline long-term live imaging dataset of embryonic development acquired with light sheet fluorescence microscopy</p>
Figure 4 in Delphinid brain development from neonate to adulthood with comparisons to other cetaceans and artiodactyls
Figure 4. Encephalization quotient (EQ) and body lengths. Body lengths are used as a general indicator for maturity of these animals. Three delphinids (Orcinus orca, Tursiops truncatus, and Stenella coeruleoalba) are compared with EQ and body length against two members of Physeteroidea (Kogia breviceps and Physeter macrocephalus) and one member of Phocoenidae (Phocoenoides dalli). In each case, EQ declines as the animal grows toward a mature body length and perhaps beyond. EQ was measured directly from brain masses, except for a few of the larger O. orca for which brain mass was calculated from endocranial volume. Body mass varies considerably in mature animals. As a result, EQ in mature T. truncatus varies from around 3 to 5 and in O. orca from about 1.5 to 3. One outlier EQ value of 2 from a male T. truncatus was from an overweight animal.
Figure 3 in Delphinid brain development from neonate to adulthood with comparisons to other cetaceans and artiodactyls
Figure 3. Brain mass relative to maturity (assessed by body length) in six different species. The horizontal line in each species plot represents the length at maturity. Female killer whales (a) (O. orca) reach sexual maturity at about 460 cm body length and as young as 8 yr of age (Dahlheim and Heyning 1999), while male killer whales (b) reach sexual maturity at about 520 cm length when they are around 15 yr of age (Dahlheim and Heyning 1999). Female Common bottlenose dolphins (c) (T. truncatus) reach sexual maturity at a length of 235 cm and at an average age of 8–9 yr (Wells and Scott 1999), and males (d) reach sexual maturity at a length of about 245 cm and an approximate age of 10 yr (Wells and Scott 1999). Female striped dolphins (e) (S. coeruleoalba) reach sexual maturity at 180 cm and about 7 yr of age (Perrin et al. 1994); males (f) reach sexual maturity at about 185 cm and about 11 yr of age (Perrin et al. 1994). Female pygmy sperm whales (g) (K. breviceps) reach sexual maturity at about 266 cm body length (Caldwell and Caldwell 1989), and males (h) reach sexual maturity at about 270 cm length (Caldwell and Caldwell 1989). Female spinner dolphins (i) (S. longirostris) reach sexual maturity at a length of 165 cm and at an average age of 4–7 yr (Perrin and Gilpatrick 1994) while males of this species (j) attain sexual maturity at a length of about 160 cm and an approximate age of 7–10 yr (Perrin and Gilpatrick 1994). Lastly, female Dall's porpoises (k) (P. dalli) reach sexual maturity at 174 cm and about 5 yr of age (Houck and Jefferson 1999), and males (l) reach sexual maturity at about 175 cm and about 5 yr of age (Houck and Jefferson 1999).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.