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FIGURE 7. A. Eye length versus head width for A. armstrongi, A. avius, A. renatae and A in Revision of the Australian species of the ant genus Anochetus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
FIGURE 7. A. Eye length versus head width for A. armstrongi, A. avius, A. renatae and A. veronicae; B. Scape length versus head width for A. armstrongi, A. avius, A. renatae and A. veronicae.
Supporting data for: Risk factors common to leading eye health conditions and major non-communicable diseases: A rapid review and commentary
<p><strong><span>Background</span></strong><span>: </span><span>To gain an understanding of the intersection of risk factors between the most prevalent eye health conditions that are associated with vision impairment and non-communicable diseases (NCDs).</span></p> <p><span><strong>Methods</strong>:</span><span> A</span><span> series of rapid reviews of reviews reporting on non-modifiable risk factors, age and sex, and modifiable risk factors, including social determinants, were conducted for five common eye health conditions that are the leading causes of vision impairment globally (refractive error including uncorrected refractive error, cataract, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy) and five prevalent NCDs (cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, dementia, and depressive disorders). </span></p> <p><span><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span>Eye health conditions and NCDs share many risk factors. Increased age was found to be the most common shared risk factor, associated with increased risks of AMD, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, refractive error, cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and dementia. Other shared risk factors included smoking, obesity, alcohol consumption (mixed results), and physical activity was protective, though limited evidence was found for eye conditions. Social determinants are well documented as risk factors for NCDs.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Conclusion</strong>:</span><span> There is substantial overlap in common established risk factors for the most frequent vision-impairing eye conditions and leading NCDs. Increasing efforts should be made to integrate preventative and risk reduction interventions to improve health, with the greatest shared benefits for initiatives that aim to reduce smoking, improve diet, and promote physical activity.</span></p>
X, Y, and Z: A bird's eye view on light pollution
<p>1. The global increase in light pollution is being viewed with growing concern, as it has been reported to have negative effects ranging from the individual to the ecosystem level.</p> <p>2. Unlike movement on the ground, flying and swimming allows vertical motion. Here, we demonstrate flight altitude change is crucial to the perception and susceptibility of artificial light at night of airborne organisms. Because airborne species can propagate through the airspace and easily across ecotones, effects might not be small-scale. Therefore, we propose including airspace as a vital habitat in the concept of ecological light pollution.</p> <p>3. The interplay between flight altitude and the effects of light pollution may not only be crucial for understanding flying species but may also provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of responses to artificial light at night in general. </p>
Differences in visual-field sensitivity in the inferior hemifield between the eyes affect three-dimensional shape perception in glaucoma
<p><strong>Raw data repository for the article:</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Differences in visual-field sensitivity in the inferior hemifield between the eyes affect three-dimensional shape perception in glaucoma</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Hiromasa Sawamura<sup>1</sup>, Ryo Asaoka<sup>1,2,3,4,5</sup>, Hiroshi Murata<sup>1</sup>, Eriko Ando<sup>1</sup>, Céline R. Gillebert<sup>6</sup>, James T. Todd<sup>7</sup>, Guy A. Orban<sup>8</sup></strong></p> <p> </p> <p><sup>1</sup> Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.</p> <p><sup>2</sup> Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.</p> <ol> <li>Seirei Christopher University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.</li> </ol> <p><sup>4</sup> Nanovision Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka Japan.</p> <p><sup>5</sup> The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, Shizuoka Japan.</p> <ol> <li>Department of Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.</li> <li>Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.</li> <li>Department of Medicine and Surgery, Neuroscience Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.</li> </ol> <p> </p> <p>Excel data:</p> <p>Binocular Visual-filed sensitivity for 20 subjects: BinocularHFAData.xlsx</p> <p>Visual filed sensitivity in the right eye: OD_HFA_data.xlsx </p> <p>Visual filed sensitivity in the left eye: OS_HFA_data.xlsx</p> <p>Error-in-depth for 20 subjects: ErrorinDepth_20subj.xlsx</p> <p>Results of Simple feature discrimination: Result_SinpleFeatureDiscrimination.xlsx</p>
Experimental meterials for "Identifying Lines and Interpreting Vertical Jumps in Eye Tracking Studies of Reading Text and Code"
<p>Experimental materials for the paper "Identifying Lines and Interpreting Vertical Jumps in Eye Tracking Studies of Reading Text and Code" published in the ACM Transactions on Applied Perception.</p> <p>Includes the texts used in the eye tracking experiments, the data collected by the eye tracker for all the participants, the Python script used to analyze the data, and the graphs produced by this script.</p>
Knowledge-Driven Perceptual Organization Reshapes Information Sampling Via Eye Movements – data
<p>Data from the article <strong>Knowledge-Driven Perceptual Organization Reshapes Information Sampling Via Eye Movements</strong> published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance by Marek A. Pedziwiatr, Elisabeth von dem Hagen, and Christoph Teufel</p> <p>Marek A. Pedziwiatr<br> marek.pedziwi@mail.com<br> January 2023</p>
Characterization of eyes, photoreceptors and opsins in developmental stages of the arrow worm Spadella cephaloptera (Chaetognatha)
<p>The phylogenetic position of chaetognaths, or arrow worms, has been debated for decades, however recently they have been grouped into the Gnathifera, a sister clade to all other Spiralia. Chaetognath photoreceptor cells are anatomically unique by exhibiting a highly modified cilium and are arranged differently in the eyes of the various species. Studies investigating eye development and underlying gene regulatory networks are so far missing. To gain insights into the development and the molecular toolkit of chaetognath photoreceptors and eyes a new transcriptome of the epibenthic species <em>Spadella cephaloptera</em> was searched for opsins. Our screen revealed two copies of <em>xenopsin</em> and a single copy of <em>peropsin</em>. Gene expression analyses demonstrated that only <em>xenopsin1</em> is expressed in photoreceptor cells of the developing lateral eyes. Adults likewise exhibit two <em>xenopsin1</em>+ photoreceptor cells in each of their lateral eyes. Beyond that, a single <em>cryptochrome</em> gene was uncovered and found to be expressed in photoreceptor cells of the lateral developing eye. In addition, <em>cryptochrome</em> is also expressed in the cerebral ganglia in a region in which also <em>peropsin</em> expression was observed. This condition is reminiscent of a non-visual photoreceptive zone in the apical nervous system of the annelid <em>Platynereis dumerilii</em> that performs circadian entrainment and melatonin release. <em>Cryptochrome</em> is also expressed in cells of the corona ciliata, an organ in the posterior dorsal head region, indicating a role in circadian entrainment. Our study highlights the importance of the Gnathifera for unraveling the evolution of photoreceptors and eyes in Spiralia and Bilateria.</p>
eye-tracking data from a survey on zooming in a pan-scalar map
<p><strong>Recording and processing a survey using an eye tracker </strong></p> <p>The eye-tracker used is a Pupil Core from Pupil Labs. The basic eye tracker configuration, i.e. a fixation time of 80 ms to 200 ms, is kept for this experiment.</p> <p> </p> <p>The aim of the experiment is to understand what a person looks at to find their way around a multi-scale map and to understand the different strategies used. To do this, the user will be free to use the map as he wishes, i.e. he can use pan and zoom at will. Four types of tasks will be asked in order to have a maximum of types of use of multi-scale map.The first task is to simulate that a user is using an application like map or Google map and is looking for a specific address. The map application will then zoom in very strongly on the address. The user has little spatial context and it often takes some time to find his way around. To simulate the application, a point is placed on Paris or its surroundings and the display is very zoomed (Paris was chosen because most people have a more or less detailed mental map of Paris). The user is then asked to interact with the map (zooming and panning) until he feels he is sufficiently located, as he would if he had to search for a place on his mobile phone. When he is located, he just needs to move on to the next stage without asking for validation. This stage is carried out in four locations. The four points are located near Montmartre, at the entrance to the catacombs of Paris, in Vincennes and finally at Porte d'Asnières</p> <p><br> The second task is to find a place from an aerial image. The aerial image of a specific area is displayed and the map is zoomed out to the city where the location is located. The user must then try to find the location in the image. Unlike the first task, the user must request validation before proceeding to the next stage.<br> This task is repeated in two different cities. The two images are the tête d'or park in Lyon and a building block next to a railway in Dijon.</p> <p><br> The third task also consists of finding a precise location using textual indications. The user still has to ask for validation to go to the next stage .</p> <p>This task is repeated in two different cities.The first was "to find the town hall which is just south of the town centre and next to the library" and the second was "to find the stadium east of the town centre and north of the river Vilaine with a north/south orientation.</p> <p><br> The last task builds on tasks 2 and 3. The map is again zoomed out, an aerial image appears and textual indications are given. This task is repeated on two different cities.</p> <p>The first image is of a building in beauvais with the indication: "the building is in the north west of sqare next to the SNCF station". The second one is a picture of a stadium in lyon with the indication: "the stadium is west of the confluence of lyon".</p> <p><strong>data format :</strong><br> <strong>Coord_fixation_on_map_x_y</strong>: geolocated fixation point with x the survey type 1 or 2 and y the candidate number (id_fixation,x,y,zoom,etape)</p> <p><strong>Pan</strong>: pan on the map during the survey</p> <p><strong>Pan_fixation_on_map</strong> : fixation during a pan</p> <p><strong>zoom</strong>: zoom on the map during the survey</p> <p><strong>zoom_fixation_on_map</strong>: fixation during a zoom</p> <p><strong>stat</strong>: number of zoom, pan and fixation per step</p> <p><strong>result_map_x </strong>= map status every 100 ms during the survey x</p> <p><strong>00x </strong>: export file of the eye-tracker pupil Lab</p> <p> </p>
FIGURE 3A–C in A new species of Troglopedetes Joseph, 1872 with eyes (Collembola, Paronellidae) from a Christmas Island Cave, Australia
FIGURE 3A–C. Troglopedetes eberhardi sp. nov., dorsal chaetotaxy (left side); A, Th II–III; B, Abd I–III; C, Abd IV–V, gray spot indicates region with feces on Abd V, therefore chaetotaxy details is omitted.
FIGURE 2A–G in A new species of Troglopedetes Joseph, 1872 with eyes (Collembola, Paronellidae) from a Christmas Island Cave, Australia
FIGURE 2A–G. Troglopedetes eberhardi sp. nov., head; A, right Ant IV (dorsal view); B, Ant III apical organ (lateral view); C, left Ant I (ventral view); D, dorsal head (left side); E, chaetotaxy of clypeus, prelabrum and labrum (dorsal view); F, labial papillae E (right side); G, proximal chaetae, basomedian and basolateral labial fields, maxillary palp and sublobal plate, and complete postlabial chaetotaxy (right side).
FIGURE 5A–F in A new species of Troglopedetes Joseph, 1872 with eyes (Collembola, Paronellidae) from a Christmas Island Cave, Australia
FIGURE 5A–F. Troglopedetes eberhardi sp. nov., abdominal appendages; A, collophore (lateral view); B, latero-dorsal chaetotaxy of the manubrium and distally manubrial plate (lateral view), arrow indicate spine-like mac ciliate; C, distal manubrium (ventral view); D, manubrial plate (dorsal view); E, dens chaetotaxy (dorsal view), arrows indicate outer spine-like mac and inner spines; F, distal dens and mucro (inner view).
FIGURE 4A–I in A new species of Troglopedetes Joseph, 1872 with eyes (Collembola, Paronellidae) from a Christmas Island Cave, Australia
FIGURE 4A–I. Troglopedetes eberhardi sp. nov., legs; A–C, chaetotaxy of left subcoxa I–III respectively (outer side); D– E, chaetotaxy of left trochanter I–II, respectively (anterior side), arrow indicate spine present or absent on trochanter II; F, trochanteral organ (posterior side); G, femur and tibiotarsus III (anterior side); H, distal tibiotarsus and empodial complex III (posterior view); I, unguis III (inner view).
FIGURE 7 in Occurrence of the milk-eye catshark Apristurus nakayai (Carcharhiniformes: Pentanchidae) from the South China Sea
FIGURE 7 Detail of eye of EBFS 00138, 425 mm TL, adult male, highlighting the shiny white iris when fresh.
FIGURE 5 in Occurrence of the milk-eye catshark Apristurus nakayai (Carcharhiniformes: Pentanchidae) from the South China Sea
FIGURE 5 Denticles from below first dorsal fin of NMMB-P36993, 408 mm TL, adult female. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 4 in Occurrence of the milk-eye catshark Apristurus nakayai (Carcharhiniformes: Pentanchidae) from the South China Sea
FIGURE 4 Symphysis of lower jaws of (A) EBFS 00138, 425 mm TL, adult male, and (B) NMMB-P36993, 408 mm TL, adult female; and anterolateral teeth from the right side of the jaw of NMMB-P36993, 408 mm TL, adult female. (C) Upper jaw. (D) Lower jaw. Red arrow indicates the naked area.
FIGURE 3 in Occurrence of the milk-eye catshark Apristurus nakayai (Carcharhiniformes: Pentanchidae) from the South China Sea
FIGURE 3 Dorsal and ventral head view. (A–B) EBFS 00138, 425 mm TL, adult male. (C–D) NMMB-P36993, 408 mm TL, adult female. (A, C) Dorsal view. (B, D) Ventral view.
FIGURE 6 in Occurrence of the milk-eye catshark Apristurus nakayai (Carcharhiniformes: Pentanchidae) from the South China Sea
FIGURE 6 Dorsal view of the right clasper of EBFS 00138, 425 mm TL, adult male. CD = clasper denticles; CG = clasper groove; EN = envelope; ER = exorhipidion; PS = pseudosiphon; PV = pelvic fin; RH = rhipidion. Scale bar = 1 cm.
FIGURE 2 Preserved Apristurus nakayai specimens. A. EBFS 00138, 425 in Occurrence of the milk-eye catshark Apristurus nakayai (Carcharhiniformes: Pentanchidae) from the South China Sea
FIGURE 2 Preserved Apristurus nakayai specimens. A. EBFS 00138, 425 mm TL, adult male. B. NMMB-P36993, 408 mm TL, adult female. Scale bar = 10 cm.
FIGURE 1 in Occurrence of the milk-eye catshark Apristurus nakayai (Carcharhiniformes: Pentanchidae) from the South China Sea
FIGURE 1 Fresh coloration (previously frozen) of Apristurus nakayai specimens collected from the South China Sea. A. EBFS 00138, 425 mm TL, adult male. B. NMMB-P36993, 408 mm TL, adult female. Scale bar = 10 cm.
Data for: Experimental test of the influence of light availability on the evolution of eye size and behavior in Daphnia
<p>There exists extensive variation in eye size. Much work has provided a connection between light availability and differences in eye size across taxa. Experimental tests of the role of the light environment on the evolution of eye size are lacking. Here we performed a selection experiment that examined the influence of light availability on shifts in eye size and the connection between eye size and phototactic (anti-predator) behavior in <em>Daphnia</em>. We set up replicate experimental populations of <em>Daphnia</em>, repeatedly evaluated phenotypic shifts in eye size during the ~50-day experiment and performed a common garden experiment at the end of the experiment to test for evolutionary shifts in eye size and behavior. Our phenotypic analyses showed that eye size rapidly diverged between the light treatments; relative eye size was consistently larger in the low versus high light treatments. Selection on eye size was also modified by variation in density as increases in <em>Daphnia</em> density favored a larger eye. However, we did not observe differences in eye size between the light treatments following two generations of common garden rearing at the end of the experiment. We instead observed strong shifts in anti-predator behavior. <em>Daphnia</em> from the low light treatment exhibited decreased phototactic responses to light. Our results show that decreased light relaxes selection on anti-predator behavior. Such trends provide new insights into selection on eye size and behavior. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.