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Fig. 9 in Bashkirian rugose corals from the Carboniferous Mattson Formation in the Liard Basin, northwest Canada -stratigraphic and paleobiogeographic implications

Fig. 9. Transverse (A2–A4) and longitudinal (A1, A5) thin sections of aulophyllid rugose coral Heritschioides simplex sp. nov. (GSC 140526, holotype) from Liard Basin, Northwestern Territories, Canada, Mattson Formation, perhaps lower Bashkirian. Trabecular microstructure of septum and sclerenchymal cover unequally distributed (A1–A3), detail demonstrating doubled major septa (A4), microstructure of septum (A5); arrow in A3 points to primary septum lacking sclerenchymal cover. Black dots correspond to cardinal (lower) and counter (upper) septa.

Fig. 5 in Bashkirian rugose corals from the Carboniferous Mattson Formation in the Liard Basin, northwest Canada -stratigraphic and paleobiogeographic implications

Fig. 5. Transverse thin sections of lithostrotionid rugose coral Nemistium liardense sp. nov. from Liard Basin, Northwestern Territories, Canada, Mattson Formation, perhaps lower Bashkirian. A. GSC 140520, holotype, beginning of offsetting (arrow). B. GSC 140523, early (B1, B2) and advanced (B3) development of offsets. C. GSC 140522, offset with elongated septum at early growth stage (arrow).

Fig. 1 in Bashkirian rugose corals from the Carboniferous Mattson Formation in the Liard Basin, northwest Canada -stratigraphic and paleobiogeographic implications

Fig. 1. Map showing location of study area and Carboniferous lithofacies assemblages subcropping beneath Permian and Mesozoic deposits in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (modified from Richards et al. 1994). In the Liard Basin, western occurrences of the Rundle and Mattson lithofacies assemblages overlie and pass westward into the Besa River lithofacies assemblage. See Fig. 3 for the formational composition of the Banff, Rundle, and Mattson lithofacies assemblages.

Fig. 2 in Bashkirian rugose corals from the Carboniferous Mattson Formation in the Liard Basin, northwest Canada -stratigraphic and paleobiogeographic implications

Fig. 2. Simplified geological map of study region showing distribution of outcrops of Carboniferous Mattson Formation in southwest corner of the Northwest Territories and southeastern Yukon Territory (modified from Harker 1963 and an unpublished Geological Survey of Canada 1:1 000 000 scale map prepared by Andrew Okulitch in 2005).

Fig. 8 in A re-evaluation of the enigmatic dinosauriform Caseosaurus crosbyensis from the Late Triassic of Texas, USA and its implications for early dinosaur evolution

Fig. 8. Comparison of the ilia of early dinosaurs. A. Buriolestes schultzi. B. Saturnalia tupiniquim. C. Agnosphitys cromhallensis. D. Tawa hallae. E. Coelophysis bauri. F. Lesothosaurus diagnosticus.

Fig. 6. The herrerasaurian dinosauriform Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis Reig, 1963 in A re-evaluation of the enigmatic dinosauriform Caseosaurus crosbyensis from the Late Triassic of Texas, USA and its implications for early dinosaur evolution

Fig. 6. The herrerasaurian dinosauriform Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis Reig, 1963 (PVL 2566) from Carnian, Late Triassic, Ischigualasto Formation, Hoyada de Ischigualasto, San Juan Province, Argentina; ilium in lateral view.

Fig. 3 in A re-evaluation of the enigmatic dinosauriform Caseosaurus crosbyensis from the Late Triassic of Texas, USA and its implications for early dinosaur evolution

Fig. 3. The herrerasaurian dinosauriform Caseosaurus crosbyensis Hunt, Lucas, Heckert, Sullivan, and Lockley, 1998 (NMMNH P-35995) from Synder Quarry, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, USA; Carnian, Late Triassic; right ilium in lateral (A) and medial (B) views.

Fig. 5 in A re-evaluation of the enigmatic dinosauriform Caseosaurus crosbyensis from the Late Triassic of Texas, USA and its implications for early dinosaur evolution

Fig. 5. Reduced strict consensus tree produced when Caseosaurus crosbyensis (in bold) was added to the dataset of Cabreira et al. (2016).

Fig. 2 in A re-evaluation of the enigmatic dinosauriform Caseosaurus crosbyensis from the Late Triassic of Texas, USA and its implications for early dinosaur evolution

Fig. 2. The holotype of the herrerasaurian dinosauriform Caseosaurus crosbyensis Hunt, Lucas, Heckert, Sullivan, and Lockley, 1998 (UMMP 8870) from Tecovas Formation, Crosby County, Texas, USA; Carnian, Late Triassic; right ilium in lateral view; stereopair. Image credit: Adam Rountrey, Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.

Fig. 4 in Taxonomic implications of morphometric analysis of earless seal limb bones

Fig. 4. Results of PCA for the femur measurement data, including extant and fossil earless seal taxa. A. PC1 vs. PC2. B. PC3 vs. PC4.

Fig. 3 in Taxonomic implications of morphometric analysis of earless seal limb bones

Fig. 3. Results of PCA for the humerus measurement data, including extant and fossil earless seal taxa. A. PC1 vs. PC2. B. PC3 vs. PC4.

Fig. 1 in Taxonomic implications of morphometric analysis of earless seal limb bones

Fig. 1. Measurements of the earless seal humerus (A) and femur (B) used in morphometric analysis exemplified by Erignathus barbatus (USNM 16116). In anterior (A1, B2), posterior (A2, B1), medial (A3), and proximal (A4) views. Abbreviations: DCF, distance between condyles; DDDC, diameter of diaphysis at deltopectoral crest; DN, diameter of the neck of the femur; GAP, distance between head of humerus and deltopectoral crest; HHF, height of the head of the femur; HHH, height of head of humerus; HPS, height of the patellar surface; HTL, height of capitulum; HTS, height of trochlea; ITW, intertrochlear width of the femur; LDC, length of deltopectoral crest; LGTF, length of the greater trochanter; LLF, length of the lateral side of the femur; LLCF, length of the lateral condyle; LMCF, length of the medial condyle; MLF, length of the femur on the medial side; PIT, depth of coronoid fossa; SUP, length of supinator ridge; TLH, total length of humerus; WCF, width across condyles; WDC, width of deltopectoral crest; WDEF, maximum width of distal diaphysis; WDEH, maximum width of distal epiphysis; WDF, minimum width of diaphysis; WDH, minimum width of diaphysis; WHH, width of humeral head; WLCF, width of lateral condyle; WMCF, width of medial condyle; WPDH, width of proximal epiphysis, humeral head to lesser tubercle; WPEF, maximum width of proximal diaphysis; WTA, width of trochlea in anterior view; WTD, width of trochlea and capitulum in posterior view.

Fig. 2 in Taxonomic implications of morphometric analysis of earless seal limb bones

Fig. 2. Results of PCA for the combined dataset of both humeral and femoral measurement data, for extant earless seal taxa. A. PC1 vs. PC2. B. PC3 vs. PC4.

Fig. 5 in A new capybara from the late Miocene of San Juan Province, Argentina, and its phylogenetic implications

Fig. 5. Schematic occlusal view of upper teeth of Cardiatherium (A–C) and Phugatherium (D–E). A. Cardiatherium calingastaense sp. nov. (late Miocene, Puchuzum, San Juan Province, Argentina), INGEO-PV 87, right P4–M3. B. Cardiatherium patagonicum (late Miocene, Estancia Rincón Chico, Chubut Province, Argentina), MPEF-PV 740/22, reversed left P4; MPEF-PV 740/23, reversed left M1 or M2; MPEF-PV 740/18, right M3. C. Cardiatherium paranense (late Miocene, Ituzaingó Formation, Entre Ríos Province, Argentina), MLP 87-XI-1-27, right P4–M3. D. Phugatherium novum (middle Pliocene, Chapadamalal Formation, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina), MMP 492-S, right P4–M1. E. Phugatherium cataclisticum late Miocene–Early Pliocene, Monte Hermoso Formation, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina), MLP 15-231a, right M1.

Fig. 4 in A new capybara from the late Miocene of San Juan Province, Argentina, and its phylogenetic implications

Fig. 4. Occlusal dental details of the holotype (INGEO-PV 87) of the hydrochoerine rodent Cardiatherium calingastaense sp. nov., late Miocene, Puchuzum, San Juan Province, Argentina. Right P4–M3 (A1), left P4–M1 (A2), left M1–M2 (A3), posterior part of right M3 (A4), left p4–m3 (A5), right m1 (A6), left m3 (A7), left p4 (A8), right p4 (A9).

Fig. 3 in A new capybara from the late Miocene of San Juan Province, Argentina, and its phylogenetic implications

Fig. 3. Holotype (INGEO-PV 87) of the hydrochoerine rodent Cardiatherium calingastaense sp. nov., late Miocene, Puchuzum, San Juan Province, Argentina. A. Skull in dorsal (A1) and ventral (A2) views, and detail of the scars for masseter medialis muscle (A3); correspondence indicated by lines. B. Mandible in occlusal (B1) and left lateral (B2) views.

Fig. 2 in A new capybara from the late Miocene of San Juan Province, Argentina, and its phylogenetic implications

Fig. 2. Dental nomenclature (occlusal view). A–C, E. Cardiatherium calingastaense sp. nov. A. Right p4. B. Right m1. C. Right m3. E. Right M1. D. Cardiatherium patagonicum, right p4. Abbreviations: c, column; he, external fissure (or flexid); HFI, fundamental internal fissure (hypoflexus); hfe, fundamental external fissure; hi, internal fissure; HPE, primary external fissure; hpi, primary internal fissure; HSE/hse, secondary external fissure; hsi, secondary internal fissure; hsni, internal supernumerary fissure; hti, tertiary internal fissure; pr, prism; prIIa/b, anterior and posterior lobes of pr II; prsa, anterior secondary prism.

Fig. 6 in A new capybara from the late Miocene of San Juan Province, Argentina, and its phylogenetic implications

Fig. 6. Schematic occlusal view of lower teeth of Cardiatherium. A. Cardiatherium calingastaense sp. nov. (late Miocene, Puchuzum, San Juan Province, Argentina), holotype, INGEO-PV 87, right p4–m2 and reversed left m3. B. Cardiatherium patagonicum (late Miocene, Estancia Rincón Chico, Chubut Province, Argentina), MPEF-PV 740/9, reversed left p4; MPEF-PV 740/24, right m1–m2; MPEF-PV 740/7, reversed left m3. C. Cardiatherium paranense (late Miocene, Ituzaingó Formation, Entre Ríos Province, Argentina), MLP 40-XI-15-1, right p4–m3. D. Cardiatherium orientalis (late Miocene, Camacho Formation, San Gregorio, Uruguay), SPV-FHC-27-XI-64-20, right p4–m3. E. Cardiatherium chasicoense (late Miocene, Arroyo Chasicó, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina), MMP 300-M, right p4–m2; MMH-CH 88-6-71, reversed left m3.

Fig. 7 in A new capybara from the late Miocene of San Juan Province, Argentina, and its phylogenetic implications

Fig. 7. Stratigraphic adjustment of the strict consensus tree for the phylogenetic analysis of Hydrochoerinae (333 MPTs of 3364 steps). Upper case letters indicate the nodes within Hydrochoerinae, as described in the main text. Silhouettes reflect external aspect and relative size of representatives of the main clades within Hydrochoerinae.