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ROLE OF MULTINATIONAL COOPERATION IN ADDRESSING ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES IN NIGER DELTA REGION OF NIGERIA
<p>This paper examines the environmental and socio-economic impacts of multinational<br>oil companies' operations in Nigeria's Niger Delta region. Despite substantial<br>contributions to Nigeria’s economy, these corporations' activities have led to severe<br>environmental degradation, including oil spills, gas flaring, and deforestation, which<br>have devastated local ecosystems and compromised human health. The Niger Delta,<br>rich in biodiversity and natural resources, suffers from pollution and poor waste<br>management, resulting in impoverished communities with limited access to essential<br>services such as healthcare and education. The study highlights the complex interplay<br>between economic benefits and the detrimental consequences of resource exploitation,<br>emphasizing the role of poor governance and inadequate regulatory frameworks in<br>perpetuating these challenges. The persistent neglect and environmental harm have<br>fueled militancy and violence, further destabilizing the region.<br>The discussions also explores the potential for multinational oil companies to mitigate<br>these environmental challenges. By implementing advanced technologies and best<br>practices, these companies can reduce environmental damage and promote<br>sustainable operations. Their investments in clean technology, local economies, and<br>corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives can alleviate socio-economic pressures<br>that contribute to environmental degradation. Collaboration with governments, NGOs,<br>and communities is essential for developing comprehensive strategies for<br>environmental protection, ensuring transparency, accountability, and support for local<br>initiatives. Th</p>
Impacts and Challenges of Adopting Micro-Frontends
<p>Context: Incorporating new technologies into monolithic frontend projects has been challenging for software development teams, due to issues such as code redundancy, inconsistency, and scalability. To address these challenges, the micro-frontend architecture emerged, offering a more modular and independent solution.</p> <p>Goal: This study aims to investigate the impacts and challenges of adopting the micro-frontend architecture. </p> <p>Method: We conducted a Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) to identify the architectural patterns and approaches used in micro-frontends. Additionally, we carried out a survey to validate the strategies and challenges of adopting this architecture.</p> <p>Results: The findings highlight the relevance of the micro-frontend architecture in modernizing the frontend layer. However, its adoption is closely tied to the complexity and size of the project and team. Therefore, implementing the micro-frontend architecture with a well-defined set of methodological and technological decisions increases the likelihood of successful adoption.</p>
SUSTAINABLE FINANCING AS A FACTOR INFLUENCING ECO-FRIENDLY BUSINESS TRANSFORMATION: EXISTING CHALLENGES AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS
<p>This study underscores the slow adoption of eco-friendly practices, particularly in high-emission sectors ("brown" businesses), and emphasizes the role of sustainable financing in implementation of environmentally sustainable business practices, with a particular interest in such types of corporate financing as sustainability-linked loans and a relatively new type of financing provided to companies with core business falling under eligible green criteria (loans for green businesses). The purpose was to identify existing challenges preventing promotion of these two types of sustainable financing and borrowers’ sustainable transformation, and propose potential solutions addressing these challenges. The analysis was performed based on a vast literature review. The study revealed the existence of such challenges as borrowers’ profit-driven motives, lack in regulatory transparency, concerns of financial institutions about their profitability and risk of greenwashing, and insufficient governmental support. To address these challenges, regulatory measures are recommended to incentivize financial institutions to offer reduced interest rates on loans for green business and sustainability-linked loans, with governments compensating such losses through imposing higher taxes on “brown” businesses. The study also proposes a potential action plan on amending the regulatory framework with the main focus on the need to develop respective changes with the involvement of all relevant stakeholders. It also addresses the need of establishing mandatory criteria for recognizing businesses as green to qualify for green business loans, and obligatory KPIs for each industry outlining clear targets for improving a company's sustainability profile to be eligible for sustainability-linked loans. These obligatory criteria and KPIs may be adjusted by financial institutions depending on aspects being material for the borrower. The borrower’s compliance with criteria set for green business loans should be regularly reported and verified by an expert company, similarly to the existing rules for sustainability-linked loans. Further, the study proposes incorporating a regulatory body to oversee compliance of financial institutions with these regulations and introducing penalties for their violations, and performing monitoring and adaptation of a regulatory framework, if necessary. The suggested amendments, being subject to a comprehensive feasibility study, are intended to promote the considered types of sustainable financing and boost transit to eco-friendly business practices.</p>
Dataset of the paper Antibacterial plant combinations prevent postweaning diarrhea in organically raised piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18
<p>Dataset of the paper: Antibacterial plant combinations prevent postweaning diarrhea in organically raised piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18</p> <p>meta_data: tracking information</p> <p>my_raw_data: raw data</p> <p>my_table: processed data</p> <p> </p>
CAMI2 Challenge - Human Microbiome Project Toy Database - sample 19 - regenerated using recent RefSeq representative genomes
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Nocturnal departure timing in songbirds facing distinct migratory challenges
1. Most migratory songbirds travel between their breeding areas and wintering grounds through a series of nocturnal flights. The timing of their departures defines the potential flight duration and thus the distance covered during a migratory night. Yet, migratory songbirds show substantial variation in their nocturnal departure timing. 2. With this study we aim to assess whether the respective challenges of the migration route, namely its distance and nature, help to explain this variation. 3. At a stopover site, we caught Northern Wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe) of two subspecies that differ in distance and nature of their onward migration route in spring, but not in autumn. We determined the start of their nocturnal migratory restlessness during short-term captivity, and radio-tracked their nocturnal departure timing after release in both migration seasons. 4. Northern Wheatears started their nocturnal migratory restlessness earlier when facing a long remaining migration distance and an extended sea barrier in spring. Individual departure directions generally affected the nocturnal departure timing with early departures being directed towards the respective migratory destination. In spring, this pattern was predominantly found in birds carrying relatively large fuel stores, but was absent in lean birds. At the same time, birds facing a short remaining migration distance and no extended sea barrier strongly reacted to relatively large fuel stores by an early start of nocturnal migratory behavior (migratory restlessness and departure timing), whereas this reaction was not found in birds facing a long remaining migration distance and sea barrier. 5. These results suggest that the basic diel schedule of birds' migratory activity is adapted to the onward migration route. Further they suggest that birds adjust their behavioral response, i.e. start of nocturnal migratory behavior, to fuel stores in relation to their impending migratory challenges. This is a substantial step in understanding variation of nocturnal departure timing and its adjustments in migratory songbirds. Further, it emphasizes the importance of interpreting birds' nocturnal migratory behavior in the respective ecological context.
Data from: Creating a multi-track classical music performance dataset for multi-modal music analysis: challenges, insights, and applications
We introduce a dataset for facilitating audio-visual analysis of musical performances. The dataset comprises 44 simple multi-instrument classical music pieces assembled from coordinated but separately recorded performances of individual tracks. For each piece, we provide the musical score in MIDI format, the audio recordings of the individual tracks, the audio and video recording of the assembled mixture, and ground- truth annotation files including frame-level and note-level tran- scriptions. We describe our methodology for the creation of the dataset, particularly highlighting our approaches for addressing the challenges involved in maintaining synchronization and ex- pressiveness. We demonstrate the high quality of synchronization achieved with our proposed approach by comparing the dataset against existing widely-used music audio datasets. We anticipate that the dataset will be useful for the devel- opment and evaluation of existing music information retrieval (MIR) tasks, as well as for novel multi-modal tasks. We bench- mark two existing MIR tasks (multi-pitch analysis and score- informed source separation) on the dataset and compare against other existing music audio datasets. Additionally, we consider two novel multi-modal MIR tasks (visually informed multi-pitch analysis and polyphonic vibrato analysis) enabled by the dataset and provide evaluation measures and baseline systems for future comparisons (from our recent work). Finally, we propose several emerging research directions that the dataset enables.
UV Light Generation and Challenging Photoreactions Enabled by Upconversion in Water
<p>Data underlying the figures in the publication “UV Light Generation and Challenging Photoreactions Enabled by Upconversion in Water”, published in <em>J. Am. Chem. Soc.</em> <strong>2020</strong>, 142, 23, 10468–10476. <a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.0c02835">https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.0c02835</a></p> <p>Table of contents:</p> <p><strong>1. Figure 2</strong>; Excel file with the numerical values of the sensitizer characteristics displayed in <em>Figure 2</em>.</p> <p>Experimental data summarizing the pertinent ground- and excited-state properties of the Ir-based sensitizers (<em>a</em>, <strong>Ir(sCH<sub>2</sub>ppy)ppy<sub>2</sub></strong>; <em>b</em>, <strong>Irsppy</strong>; <em>c</em>, <strong>IrFsppy</strong>; and <em>d</em>, <strong>IrdFsppy</strong>).</p> <p><strong>2. Figure 3</strong>; Excel file with the numerical values of the photophysical properties of the acceptors/annihilators under study (<em>a</em>, <strong>NDS</strong>; <em>b</em>, <strong>NPX</strong>) displayed in <em>Figure 3</em>.</p> <p><strong>3. Figure 4</strong>; Excel file with the numerical values of the spectroscopic investigations on the upconversion mechanism, displayed in <em>Figure 4</em>.</p> <p><strong>4. Figure 5</strong>; Excel file with the numerical values of the kinetics of the C-Br bond activation for the study of the reductive debromination, displayed in <em>Figure 5</em>.</p>
Assemblies of the CAMI 2 challenge data sets
<p>Assembly submissions, including participants' submissions, of the CAMI 2 challenge data sets.</p> <p>The gold standards can be found either on the CAMI 2 challenge website: <a href="https://data.cami-challenge.org/participate">https://data.cami-challenge.org/participate</a> or in publisso alongside the data sets: https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6425521</p> <p>Also see <a href="https://www.microbiome-cosi.org/cami">https://www.microbiome-cosi.org/cami</a> </p>
Data from: The challenges of recognising individuals with few distinguishing features: identifying red foxes Vulpes vulpes from camera-trap photos
Over the last two decades, camera traps have revolutionised the ability of biologists to undertake faunal surveys and estimate population densities, although identifying individuals of species with subtle markings remains challenging. We conducted a two-year camera-trapping study as part of a long-term study of urban foxes: our objectives were to determine whether red foxes could be identified individually from camera-trap photos, and highlight camera-trapping protocols and techniques to facilitate photo identification of species with few or subtle natural markings. We collected circa 800,000 camera-trap photos over 4945 camera days in suburban gardens in the city of Bristol, UK: 152,134 (19 %) included foxes, of which 13,888 (9 %) contained more than one fox. These provided 174,063 timestamped capture records of individual foxes; 170,923 were of foxes ≥ 3 months old. Younger foxes were excluded because they have few distinguishing features. We identified the individual (192 different foxes: 110 males, 49 females, 33 of unknown sex) in 168,417 (99 %) of these capture records; the remainder could not be identified due to poor image quality or because key identifying feature(s) were not visible. We show that carefully designed survey techniques facilitate individual identification of subtly-marked species. Accuracy is enhanced by camera-trapping techniques that yield large numbers of high resolution, colour images from multiple angles taken under varying environmental conditions. While identifying foxes manually was labour-intensive, currently available automated identification systems are unlikely to achieve the same levels of accuracy, especially since different features were used to identify each fox, the features were often inconspicuous, and their appearance varied with environmental conditions. We discuss how studies based on low numbers of photos, or which fail to identify the individual in a significant proportion of photos, risk losing important biological information, and may come to erroneous conclusions.
Replication Package for the Paper: Characteristics and Challenges of Low-Code Development: The Practitioners' Perspective
<p>This is the replication package for the paper: "Characteristics and Challenges of Low-Code Development: The Practitioners’ Perspective". It contains the dataset collected from online developer communities and the data labelling and encoding file of this study. In the meanwhile, we provide a brief description of the files.</p> <p><strong>1. Dataset folder</strong></p> <p>includes the posts collected from Stack Overflow and Reddit.</p> <p><strong>2. Data Labelling & Encoding.mx20</strong></p> <p>is the results of data labelling and encoding that were analyzed by the MAXQDA tool. We extracted data from the posts, labelled them according to the RQs, and encoded the extracted data using Constant Comparison. The file can be opened by MAXQDA 20 or higher versions, which are available at <a href="https://www.maxqda.com/">https://www.maxqda.com/</a> for download. You may also use the free 14-day trial version of MAXQDA 2020, which is available at <a href="https://www.maxqda.com/trial">https://www.maxqda.com/trial</a> for download.</p>
FIGURE 34 in An illustrated catalogue of the scalpellid barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Scalpellidae) collected during the HMS "Challenger" expedition and deposited in the Natural History Museum, London
FIGURE 34. Trianguloscalpellum rubrum (Hoek, 1883). "Challenger" Stn 204: holotype. Illustration from Hoek (1883), right lateral view. Scale bar 2 mm.
Expert-based assessment of rewilding indicates progress at site-level, yet challenges for upscaling
Rewilding is gaining importance across Europe, as agricultural abandonment trajectories provide opportunities for large-scale ecosystem restoration. However, its effective implementation is hitherto limited, in part due to a lack of monitoring of rewilding interventions and their interactions. Here, we provide a first assessment of rewilding progress across seven European sites. Using an iterative and participatory Delphi technique to standardize and analyze expert-based knowledge of these sites, we 1) map rewilding interventions onto the three central components of the rewilding framework (i.e., stochastic disturbances, trophic complexity and dispersal), 2) assess rewilding progress by quantifying 19 indicators spanning human forcing and ecological integrity, and 3) compile key success and threat factors for rewilding progress. We find that the most common interventions were keystone species reintroductions, whereas the least common targeted stochastic disturbances. We find that rewilding scores have improved in five sites, but declined in two, partly due to competing socio-economic trends. Major threats for rewilding progress are related to land-use intensification policies and persecution of keystone species. Major determinants of rewilding success are its societal appeal and socio-economic benefits to local people. We provide an assessment of rewilding that is crucial in improving its restoration outcomes and informed implementation at scale across Europe in this decade of ecosystem restoration.
MICCAI 2016 challenge dataset demographics data
<p>This dataset contains supplementary material for the 2016 MS segmentation challenge data article. It contains the full demographic data for the datasets opened to the public.</p>
Ground Truth for DCASE 2021 Challenge Task 2 Evaluation Dataset
<p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p>This data is the ground truth for the "<a href="https://zenodo.org/record/4884786">evaluation dataset</a>" for the <a href="http://dcase.community/challenge2021/task-unsupervised-detection-of-anomalous-sounds"><strong>DCASE 2021 Challenge Task 2 "Unsupervised Anomalous Sound Detection for Machine Condition Monitoring under Domain Shifted Conditions"</strong></a>. </p> <p>In the task, three datasets have been released: "<a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4562016">development dataset</a>", "<a href="https://zenodo.org/record/4660992">additional training dataset</a>", and "<a href="https://zenodo.org/record/4884786">evaluation dataset</a>". The evaluation dataset was the last of the three released and includes around 200 samples for each machine type, section index, and domain, none of which have a condition label (i.e., normal or anomaly). This ground truth dataset contains the condition labels.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Data format</strong></p> <p>The CSV file for each machine type, section index, and domain includes the ground truth data like the following:</p> <p>---------------------------------</p> <p>section_03_source_test_0000.wav,1<br> section_03_source_test_0001.wav,1</p> <p>...</p> <p>section_03_source_test_0198.wav,0<br> section_03_source_test_0199.wav,1</p> <p>---------------------------------</p> <p>The first column shows the name of a wave file. The second column shows the condition label (i.e., 0: normal or 1: anomaly).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>How to use</strong></p> <p>A script for calculating the AUC, pAUC, precision, recall, and F1 scores for the "evaluation dataset" is available on the Github repository <a href="https://github.com/y-kawagu/dcase2021_task2_evaluator">[URL]</a>. The ground truth data are used by this system. For more information, please see the Github repository.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Conditions of use</strong></p> <p>This dataset was created jointly by <strong>Hitachi, Ltd.</strong> and <strong>NTT Corporation</strong> and is available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) license.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Publication</strong></p> <p>If you use this dataset, please cite <strong>all the following three papers</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>Yohei Kawaguchi, Keisuke Imoto, Yuma Koizumi, Noboru Harada, Daisuke Niizumi, Kota Dohi, Ryo Tanabe, Harsh Purohit, and Takashi Endo, "Description and Discussion on DCASE 2021 Challenge Task 2: Unsupervised Anomalous Sound Detection for Machine Condition Monitoring under Domain Shifted Conditions," in arXiv e-prints: 2106.04492, 2021. [<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.04492">URL</a>]</li> <li>Noboru Harada, Daisuke Niizumi, Daiki Takeuchi, Yasunori Ohishi, Masahiro Yasuda, Shoichiro Saito, "ToyADMOS2: Another Dataset of Miniature-Machine Operating Sounds for Anomalous Sound Detection under Domain Shift Conditions," in arXiv e-prints: 2106.02369, 2021. [<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.02369">URL</a>]</li> <li>Ryo Tanabe, Harsh Purohit, Kota Dohi, Takashi Endo, Yuki Nikaido, Toshiki Nakamura, and Yohei Kawaguchi, "MIMII DUE: Sound Dataset for Malfunctioning Industrial Machine Investigation and Inspection with Domain Shifts due to Changes in Operational and Environmental Conditions," in arXiv e-prints: 2105.02702, 2021. [<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.02702">URL</a>]</li> </ul> <p><br> <strong>Feedback</strong></p> <p>If there is any problem, please contact us:</p> <ul> <li>Yohei Kawaguchi, <a href="mailto:yohei.kawaguchi.xk@hitachi.com">yohei.kawaguchi.xk@hitachi.com</a></li> <li>Daisuke Niizumi, <a href="mailto:daisuke.niizumi.dt@hco.ntt.co.jp">daisuke.niizumi.dt@hco.ntt.co.jp</a></li> <li>Keisuke Imoto, <a href="mailto:keisuke.imoto@ieee.org">keisuke.imoto@ieee.org</a></li> </ul> <p> </p>
FIGURE 1 in New localities of endangered Chinese turtles from museum specimens and the practical and ethical challenges using and reporting natural history collection data
FIGURE 1. Revised distribution of Platysternon megacephalum combining previously known localities (Iverson, 1992; Iverson et al., 2000) with records from the Institute of Zoology, China. Circles represent 41 previously reported localities, stars represent 11 new records.
FIGURE 2 in New localities of endangered Chinese turtles from museum specimens and the practical and ethical challenges using and reporting natural history collection data
FIGURE 2. Revised distribution of Sacalia bealei combining previously known localities (Iverson, 1992; Iverson et al., 2000) with records from the Institute of Zoology, China. Circles represent 6 previously reported localities, stars represent 5 new records.
Figures 55–61 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Asphondylia species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of North American goldenrods: challenging morphology, complex host associations, and cryptic speciation
Figures 55–61. Asphondylia silva sp. nov.: 55, male head; 56, female head; 57, female flagellomere 5; 58, female abdomen; 59, male terminalia, dorsal; 60, 61, larval spatulae. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figures 50–54 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Asphondylia species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of North American goldenrods: challenging morphology, complex host associations, and cryptic speciation
Figures 50–54. Asphondylia pseudorosa sp. nov. larval spatulae: 50, 51, from inflorescence galls; 52–54, from bud galls. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figures 38–44 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Asphondylia species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of North American goldenrods: challenging morphology, complex host associations, and cryptic speciation
Figures 38–44. Asphondylia larval spatulae: 38, 39, Asphondylia solidaginis; 40, 41, Asphondylia rosulata sp. nov.; 42–44, spatulae of larvae taken from Solidago gigantea snap galls. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.