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1,154 results for “Extant”
Fig. 11 in Extant diversity and estimated number of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) species yet to be discovered in the Neotropical region
Fig. 11. Numerical contributions by author on description of gracillarid species for the Neotropical region. Numbers above bars represent percentages in relation to the total number of species (n = 175).
Fig. 1. Falsoceratoprion pecki, new species. A in The First Extant Species of Falsoceratoprion Ferreira, with a Key to the West Indian Lycidae Genera (Coleoptera: Elateroidea)
Fig. 1. Falsoceratoprion pecki, new species. A) Dorsal view, B) Lateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 2 in New names for Ilex and Ilexpollenites (Aquifoliaceae), extant and fossil. Notulae Systematicae ad Palaeofloram Europaeam spectantes II. Aquifoliaceae
FIGURE 2. Ilex friedrichii Doweld, nom. nov. Holotype.
Linked collectors and determiners for: A new name for extant Salix × longissima T. E. Díaz & J. Andrés (Salicaceae).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "A new name for extant Salix × longissima T. E. Díaz & J. Andrés (Salicaceae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/e951af2c-24a3-483d-883f-2fb1325b5be7">https://bionomia.net/dataset/e951af2c-24a3-483d-883f-2fb1325b5be7</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/e951af2c-24a3-483d-883f-2fb1325b5be7">https://gbif.org/dataset/e951af2c-24a3-483d-883f-2fb1325b5be7</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: A new genus and two new species, one extant and one fossil, in the family Troctopsocidae (Psocodea: ' Psocoptera': Troctomorpha: Amphientometae: Electrentomoidea).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "A new genus and two new species, one extant and one fossil, in the family Troctopsocidae (Psocodea: ' Psocoptera': Troctomorpha: Amphientometae: Electrentomoidea)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/75e6cca4-d312-43d5-8299-9e5788de58d2">https://bionomia.net/dataset/75e6cca4-d312-43d5-8299-9e5788de58d2</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/75e6cca4-d312-43d5-8299-9e5788de58d2">https://gbif.org/dataset/75e6cca4-d312-43d5-8299-9e5788de58d2</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Data from: A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians
The extant amphibians are one of the most diverse radiations of terrestrial vertebrates (>6800 species). Despite much recent focus on their conservation, diversification, and systematics, no previous phylogeny for the group has contained more than 522 species. However, numerous studies with limited taxon sampling have generated large amounts of partially overlapping sequence data for many species. Here, we combine these data and produce a novel estimate of extant amphibian phylogeny, containing 2871 species (40% of the known extant species) from 432 genera (85% of the 500 currently recognized extant genera). Each sampled species contains up to 12,712 bp from 12 genes (three mitochondrial, nine nuclear), with an average of 2563 bp per species. This data set provides strong support for many groups recognized in previous studies, but it also suggests non-monophyly for several currently recognized families, particularly in hyloid frogs (e.g., Ceratophryidae, Cycloramphidae, Leptodactylidae, Strabomantidae). To correct these and other problems, we provide a revised classification of extant amphibians for taxa traditionally delimited at the family and subfamily levels. This new taxonomy includes several families not recognized in current classifications (e.g., Alsodidae, Batrachylidae, Rhinodermatidae, Odontophrynidae, Telmatobiidae), but which are strongly supported and important for avoiding non-monophyly of current families. Finally, this study provides further evidence that the supermatrix approach provides an effective strategy for inferring large-scale phylogenies using the combined results of previous studies, despite many taxa having extensive missing data.
Data from: Testing for Depéret's rule (body size increase) in mammals using combined extinct and extant data
Whether or not evolutionary lineages in general show a tendency to increase in body size has often been discussed. This tendency has been dubbed "Cope's rule" but because Cope never hypothesized it, we suggest renaming it after Depéret, who formulated it clearly in 1907. Depéret's rule has traditionally been studied using fossil data, but more recently a number of studies have used present-day species. While several paleontological studies of Cenozoic placental mammals have found support for increasing body size, most studies of extant placentals have failed to detect such a trend. Here, we present a method to combine information from present-day species with fossil data in a Bayesian phylogenetic framework. We apply the method to body mass estimates of a large number of extant and extinct mammal species, and find strong support for Depéret's rule. The tendency for size increase appears to be driven not by evolution toward larger size in established species, but by processes related to the emergence of new species. Our analysis shows that complementary data from extant and extinct species can greatly improve inference of macroevolutionary processes.
Data from: Exploring the power of Bayesian birth-death skyline models to detect mass extinction events from phylogenies with only extant taxa
Mass extinction events (MEEs), defined as significant losses of species diversity in significantly short time periods, have attracted the attention of biologists because of their link to major environmental change. MEEs have traditionally been studied through the fossil record, but the development of birth-death models has made it possible to detect their signature based on extant-taxa phylogenies. Most birth-death models consider MEEs as instantaneous events where a high proportion of species are simultaneously removed from the tree ("single pulse" approach), in contrast to the paleontological record, where MEEs have a time-duration. Here, we explore the power of a Bayesian Birth-Death Skyline (BDSKY) model to detect the signature of MEEs through changes in extinction rates under a "time-slice" approach. In this approach, MEEs are time intervals where the extinction rate is greater than the speciation rate. Results showed BDSKY can detect and locate MEEs but that precision and accuracy depend on phylogenies size and MEE intensity. Comparisons of BDSKY with the single-pulse Bayesian model, CoMET, showed a similar frequency of Type II error and neither model exhibited Type I error. However, while CoMET performed better in detecting and locating MEEs for smaller phylogenies, BDSKY showed higher accuracy in estimating extinction and speciation rates.
Figure 3 in Fossil and extant species of the genus Leptopholcus in the Dominican Republic, with the first cases of egg-parasitism in pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae)
Figure 3. Leptopholcus baoruco. (a, b) Male palp in prolateral and retrolateral views; (c) male chelicerae, frontal view; (d, e) cleared epigynum in ventral and dorsal views. a, appendix; b, bulb; f, femur; p, procursus; pp, pore plate; tr, trochanter; u, uncus. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (a, b); 0.2 mm (c–e).
FIG. 3 in Extending the tooth mesowear method to extinct and extant equids
FIG. 3. — Geographic situation of the Vallesian (MN9) fossil localities of the Dinotheriensande (black signatures). The localities of Eppelsheim (Ep), Esselborn (Es) and Westhofen (We) are highlighted (after Franzen 1997 and Kaiser et al. in press).
FIG. 2 in Extending the tooth mesowear method to extinct and extant equids
FIG. 2. — Longitudinal section of the scull of a six year old individual of Equus ferus Boddaert, 1785 (after Butz & Böttger 1946). The tooth alveolae are opened. Note the differences in tilt of the individual cheek tooth positions as indicated by lines. In the upper premolars P2 and P3 the angle between the occlusal surface and the anterior wall of the tooth is open, in the upper P4 and M1 it is about rectangular, and in the upper molars M2 and M3 the occlusal surface forms a close angle with the anterior wall (bold lines). P2 and P3, as well as M2 and M3 are therefore easily to be identified if isolated. P4 and M1 however are to be distinguished with a great degree of uncertainty. The same applies to the lower premolars and molars. Scale bar: 5 cm.
Complexity character scores for fossil and extant vascular plant reproductive structures
<p>Morphological diversity and complexity are notable features of multicellular life, although whether they evolve gradually or in early bursts is unclear. Vascular plant reproductive structures, such as flowers, are familiar examples of complicated morphology, and here we analyze changes in complexity over time using a simple approach based on the number of part types. We find that reproductive complexity increased in two pulses separated by nearly 250 million years of stasis, including an initial Devonian rise with the radiation of vascular plants and a dramatic Late Cretaceous increase reflecting flowering plant diversification. These pulses are associated with innovations that increased functional diversity, suggesting that shifts in complexity are linked to changes in function, regardless of whether they occur early or late in the history of vascular plants.</p>
Figure 3 in Implications of the mastoid anatomy of larger extant felids for the evolution and predatory behaviour of sabretoothed cats (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae)
Figure 3. Photograph and schematic representation of intermediate plane of neck muscles of male puma. 2, m. trapezius; 3, m. splenius; 4, m. sternomastoideus.
Figure 9 in Relationships among extant and fossil echimyids (Rodentia: Hystricognathi)
Figure 9. Differences in ectolophid development and orientation (character 16). A, left lower series of Lonchothrix emiliae (MN 4856), showing posteriorly orientated ectolophids (and also posteriorly orientated hypoflexids) in M1– M3 (state 0; indicated by an arrow in M1); B, right lower series (reversed to the left side) of Makalata sp. (AMNH 93585), in which the M1–M2 do not present an ectolophid and show an anteriorly orientated hypoflexid (state 1; arrow in M1).
Figure 16 in Relationships among extant and fossil echimyids (Rodentia: Hystricognathi)
Figure 16. Differences in development of the sphenopalatine foramen (character 43). A, Carterodon sulcidens (MN 54368) showing a well-developed sphenopalatine foramen (arrow) (state 0); B, Phyllomys sp. (MN 21547) showing a small sphenopalatine foramen (arrow) (state 1).
Figure 14 in Relationships among extant and fossil echimyids (Rodentia: Hystricognathi)
Figure 14. Differences in rostrum development (character 40). A, Makalata grandis (MN 11923) showing a short and wide rostrum (state 0); B, Proechimys roberti (MN 21942) showing a longer and narrower rostrum (state 1).
Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships among 12 in Relationships among extant and fossil echimyids (Rodentia: Hystricognathi)
Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships among 12 genera of echimyid based on cytochrome b sequences (Lara et al., 1996; redrawn and modified from fig. 2). The decay indices (different from 1) and bootstrap indices (> 50%) are indicated below the branches.
Figure 5 in Postcranial element shape and function: assessing locomotor mode in extant and extinct mustelid carnivorans
Figure 5. Femoral element deformations from the consensus configuration produced by the CVA analysis for locomotor mode; each deformation represents the shape corresponding to the mean CVA score for a particular locomotor group.
Figure 4 in Postcranial element shape and function: assessing locomotor mode in extant and extinct mustelid carnivorans
Figure 4. Ulnar element deformations from the consensus configuration produced by the CVA analysis for locomotor mode; each deformation represents the shape corresponding to the mean CVA score for a particular locomotor group.
Figure 1 from: Neubauer TA (2016) A nomenclator of extant and fossil taxa of the Melanopsidae (Gastropoda, Cerithioidea). ZooKeys 602: 1-358. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.602.8136
Figure 1 - Numbers of melanopsid taxa described between 1758 and 2015 per year and per five years. The most important contributions, i.e., pioneer works and those with numerous new taxa described, are highlighted.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.