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Fig. 55. Tolteca Huber, 2000 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 55. Tolteca Huber, 2000 internal female genitalia, median section of main transversal internal sclerite. A–B. T. hesperia (Gertsch, 1982); females from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar 23953). C. T. jalisco (Gertsch, 1982), female from Mexico, Jalisco, N of La Quemada (ZFMK Ar 23956). D. T. huahua Huber sp. nov., female from Mexico, Michoacán, W of Huahua (ZFMK Ar 23957). E. T. manzanillo Huber sp. nov., female from Mexico, Colima, E of Manzanillo (ZFMK Ar 23958). F. T. sinnombre Huber sp. nov., female from Mexico, Colima, S of Coquimatlán (ZFMK Ar 23960). G–H. T. oaxaca Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Oaxaca, N of San Pedro Totolapa (ZFMK Ar 23961). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 58 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 58. Tolteca oaxaca Huber sp. nov., male meiosis, detection of NORs (FISH). Metaphase I comprising five bivalents and sex chromosome body; three bivalents contain NORs. A. Sex chromosome body without visible signal. B. Sex chromosome body includes signal. Individual elements separated by dashed line. Abbreviations: b = NOR bearing bivalent; SCB = sex chromosome body. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Fig. 41 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 41. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), male and female from Mexico, Sinaloa, 3 km S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar23953 and Mex253). A. Male chelicerae, lateral view. B. Male right chelicera, frontal view. C. Left male palp, distal view. D. Right genital bulb (and procursus), dorso-distal view. E. Detail of male palpal tarsus showing position of tarsal organ (arrow). F. Male palpal tarsal organ. G. Female palpal tarsal organ. H. Male ALS and PMS. Abbreviations: b = genital bulb; fe = femur; p = procursus. Scale bars: A, C–D = 20 µm; B, E–F = 10 µm; G = 1 µm; H = 2 µm.
Fig. 43 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 43. Tolteca jalisco (Gertsch, 1982), females from Mexico, Jalisco, N of La Quemada (ZFMK Ar 23956). A–D. Epigyna, ventral (A, C) and lateral (B, D) views; arrows point at anterior knob-shaped structure. E–G. Cleared female genitalia, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) views, and detail of median internal structures (G); arrows point at membranous sacs (cf. Fig. 55C). Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: A–D = 0.2 mm; E–F = 0.1 mm; G = 0.05 mm.
Fig. 39 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 39. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), females from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Mex253), epigyna. A, C. Ventral views. B, D. Lateral views. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bar = 0.2 mm (all at same scale).
Fig. 38 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 38. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), male from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar 23953). A–B. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, retrolateral view. D–F. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 60 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 60. Environmental niche comparisons between non-Caribbean ('true')Pholcophora Banks, 1896and the Caribbean clade. Red lines in equivalency and similarity graphs indicate the observed niche overlap (D-metric), while grey bars show the distribution of the D-metric for 100 simulated comparisons. Note that the similarity of the environmental niche between non-Caribbean Pholcophora and the Caribbean clade was higher than randomly expected, while the equivalency was not (i.e., the niche is similar, but not identical). The distribution of the Caribbean clade is related to warmer conditions (bio5, bio8, and bio10 in C), while the distribution of non-Caribbean Pholcophora is more related to temperature annual range (bio7 in C) and seasonality (bio4 in C). A relatively low niche overlap is observed (D = 0.209; bluish area in D). Climatic variables in the PCA as in Fig. 59.
Fig. 42 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 42. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), male and female from Mexico, Sinaloa, 3 km S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar23953 and Mex253). A. Male tibia 1, prolateral view. B. Male tibia 1, retrolateral view. C. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hair on male tibia 1. D. 'Regular' short vertical hair on male metatarsus 1. E. Tip of 'regular' short vertical hair, detail of preceding image. F. Male metatarsustarsus 1 joint, retrolateral-dorsal view. G. Tarsal organ on female tarsus 1. H. Tip of left male tarsus 2, retrolateral view. Scale bars: A–B, F, H = 10 µm; C–D, G = 2 µm; E = 1 µm.
Fig. 50 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 50. Tolteca oaxaca Huber sp. nov., male paratype from Mexico, Oaxaca, N of San Pedro Totolapa (ZFMK Ar 23961). Left palp, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
Fig. 37 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 37. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), male from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar 23953). Left palp, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: b = genital bulb; co = coxa; fe = femur; p = procursus; pa = patella; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; tr = trochanter. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
Fig. 36. Tolteca Huber, 2000 live specimens. A–B. T in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 36. Tolteca Huber, 2000 live specimens. A–B. T. hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), male and female with egg-sac from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario. C–D. T. jalisco (Gertsch, 1982), females with egg-sacs from Mexico, Jalisco, N of La Quemada. E–F. T. manzanillo Huber sp. nov., male and female with egg-sac from Mexico, Colima, E of Manzanillo. G–H. T. sinnombre Huber sp. nov., male and female from Mexico, Colima, S of Coquimatlán. I–J. T. huahua Huber sp. nov., male and female from Mexico, Michoacán, W of Huahua. K–L. T. oaxaca Huber sp. nov., male and female with egg-sac from Mexico, Oaxaca, NW of Tehuantepec.
Fig. 34 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 34. Representative sample of habitats of Pholcophora Banks, 1896 in Mexico. A. Guerrero, 2 km N of Mazatlán (type locality of P. mazatlan Huber sp. nov.). B. Hidalgo, 2.5 km SW of Jacala (P. texana Gertsch, 1935). C. Guerrero, 5 km S of Papanoa (type locality of P. papanoa Huber sp. nov.; with collecting tray). D. Puebla, 35 km SE of Tehuacan (type locality of P. tehuacan Huber sp. nov.).
Fig. 33 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 33. Pholcophora internal female genitalia, median sections of main transversal internal sclerite. A–B. P. americana Banks, 1896, females from USA, California, Inyo Nat. Forest (ZFMK G089) and Colorado, near Golden (ZFMK USA16). C–D. P. mazatlan Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Guerrero, N of Mazatlán (ZFMK Ar 23943). E–F. P. papanoa Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa (ZFMK Ar 23945). G–H. P. "Mex354", females from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Mex354). I–J. P. texana Gertsch, 1935, females from Mexico, Hidalgo, SW of Jacala (ZFMK Ar 23952). K–L. P. tehuacan Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Ar 23949). M. Pholcophora? "Car544", female from Puerto Rico, Isla Mono (USNM ENT 783464). N. Pholcophora? "Cu12-325", female from Cuba, Santiago de Cuba, Siboney (ZFMK Cu12- 325). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 20. Pholcophora texana Gertsch, 1935 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 20. Pholcophora texana Gertsch, 1935, male from Mexico, Hidalgo, SW of Jacala (ZFMK Ar 23952). A–B. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C–E. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. F–H. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Fig. 30 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 30. Pholcophora "Mex354", females from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Mex354). A–B. Epigynum, ventral and lateral views. C–D. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. E–F. Detail of median internal structures in two different specimens. Scale bars: A–D = 0.3 mm; E–F = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 29 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 29. Pholcophora tehuacan Huber sp. nov., male and female from Mexico, Puebla, 35 km SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Mex353). A. Male chelicerae, oblique frontal view. B. Lateral face of female chelicera, showing absence of stridulatory file. C. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. D. Epigynum, ventral view. E. Male palpal tarsal organ. F. Female palpal tarsal organ and slit sensillum. G. Male ALS and PMS. H. Tip of right male tarsus 2, prolateral view. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: A = 20 µm; B–C, G–H = 10 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 1 µm; F = 2 µm.
Fig. 25 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 25. Pholcophora tehuacan Huber sp. nov., male paratype from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Ar 23949). Left palp, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
Fig. 31 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 31. Pholcophora? "Car544", females from Puerto Rico, Isla Mono (USNM ENT 783464, 783466). A–B. Habitus, dorsal and lateral views. C. Abdomen, ventral view. D–E. Abdomens of two specimens, lateral views (at same scale). F. Cleared female genitalia, ventral view. G. Detail of median internal structures, dorsal view. Abbreviations: as = anterior sclerite; ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: A–B = 1 mm; C–E = 0.3 mm; F–G =0.1 mm.
Fig. 28 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 28. Pholcophora tehuacan Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Ar 23949), cleared female genitalia. A, D. Ventral views. B, E. Dorsal views. C, F. Detail of median internal structures. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 16 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 16. Pholcophora papanoa Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa (ZFMK Ar 23945), epigyna. A, C–D. Ventral views. B, E. Lateral views. Figs C and D show the same specimen, with genital plug (gp) and without plug. Scale bars = 0.3 mm.
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