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FIGURE 3 in Holocephalan (Chondrichthyes) dental plates with hypermineralized dentine as a substitute for missing teeth through developmental plasticity
FIGURE 3 Chimaera spp., upper dentition, μCT-scans. (a)–(e) Subadult Chimaera monstrosa Linnaeus, 1758, (f)–(i) juvenile (20 cm) Chimaera sp. (unidentified), Taiwan. (a) C. monstrosa and (f) Chimaera sp., upper dentition in oral view, including anterior dental plate with ridges on the lingual surface of the dental plate. (b) C. monstrosa and (g) Chimaera sp., upper dentition rendered (Avizo) showing rods and ovoids of hypermineralized dentine (whitlockin) in both dental plates and tritoral pads in the posterior plate (g). (c) C. monstrosa, upper dentition in oral view, with posterior dental plate cut away to show internal structure, including ridges on the anterior dental plate. (d) C. monstrosa (i) Chimaera sp., anterior dental plate, cut away to show section through developing ovoids (hypermineralized whitlockin), surrounding trabecular dentine, sclerotic (hypermineralized) trabecular dentine and the ridges. In (d) the less mineralized ovoids can be seen at the aboral surface. (e) C. monstrosa, anterior and posterior dental plates, with opposing plates cut away to show symphyseal face of the anterior plate and the ridges, anterior ridge, or column, and posterior furrow on each side of the ridged zone (arrows labelled 1 and 2, as in Figure 2f). (h) Chimaera sp., anterior plate in oral view, with posterior dental plate cut away to show ridges on the anterior dental plate. Abbreviations as in previous figures. d, less mineralized dentine; tri, tritoral pad
FIGURE 7 in Holocephalan (Chondrichthyes) dental plates with hypermineralized dentine as a substitute for missing teeth through developmental plasticity
FIGURE 7 Hydrolagus mirabilis. (a)–(c) Photomicrographs in incident light of upper and lower dental plates, (c) in situ, surrounded by soft tissue). (a) Anterior upper plate shows ridges on the lingual surface (arrows), extent of worn tissue fossa (double arrow) and translucent grey rods. (b) Lower dental plate tissue shows the transparency of most mineralized tissues as in outer dentine (double arrow) surrounding trabecular dentine. Ovoid stack not fully mineralized. (c) Upper dentition in situ with soft tissue, plates lined by epithelium, rostral snout present. (d) Close-up of virtual section through anterior upper plate as in Figure 4d,e, coloured red to show whitlockin as mineralized ovoids. Red rings show the preformed capsular spaces in the trabecular dentine, the newest ridge forming aborally, and coincidence of ridges with new whitlockin forming (double arrows). (e) Callorhinchus milii Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1823, schematic drawing of section through lower jaw embryonic plate (Kemp 1984). Red indicates whitlockin formation (ple = pleromin) under an epithelium, with modified trabecular dentine (mt), condensed mesenchyme (md), cartilage (c). Scale bar = 1 mm. (f) Callorhinchus milii, adult lower jaw, μCT rendered with whitlockin segmented, coloured red (Drishti), showing low ridges on the surface that form deep into the trabecular dentine, above a cartilage furrow. Abbreviations as in previous figures. car, cartilage furrow; ep, epithelium; nrdg, newest ridge; ov st, ovoid stack; ros, rostral snout
FIGURE 2 Chimaera monstrosa Linnaeus, 1758, 49 in Holocephalan (Chondrichthyes) dental plates with hypermineralized dentine as a substitute for missing teeth through developmental plasticity
FIGURE 2 Chimaera monstrosa Linnaeus, 1758, 49 cm juvenile upper dentition, μCT-scans. (a) Oral view, including anterior dental plate with ridges on the lingual surface. (b) Upper dentition in oral view, with posterior dental plate cut away to show internal structure, and ridges on the anterior dental plate. The asterisk indicates the region shown in (d) and arrows indicate close correspondence between anterior and posterior dental plates. (c) Upper dental plates rendered (Avizo) showing rods of hypermineralized dentine (whitlockin) in both. (d) Close-up of the aboral anterior dental plate, showing newest, bulbous postero-lingual end of the ridge. The asterisk indicates newly developing trabecular dentine below the most aboral ridge. (e) Anterior dental plate, with posterior plate almost completely cut away to show lingual ridges relative to cartilage of the upper jaw. (f) Symphyseal view of anterior dental plate, with opposing plate almost completely cut away to show the ridges. The asterisk indicates bulbous aboral new ridge tissue. There are also three separate growth regions (arrows indicate direction of growth), anterior ridge or column, and posterior furrow on each side of the ridged zone (arrows 1 and 2). (g) and (h) Anterior dental plate, virtual section through developing rod, framework trabecular dentine, ridges in section with forming sclerotic dentine inside. (g) Arrows indicate correspondence between the ridge and developing rod. Abbreviations as in Figure 1. brc, cartilage of the braincase; f.td, forming trabecular dentine; rd, whitlockin rods; sod, sclerotic osteodentine, ujc, upper jaw cartilage. Scale bars, (a) 1.5 cm, (e) and (f) 1 mm
FIGURE 6 in Holocephalan (Chondrichthyes) dental plates with hypermineralized dentine as a substitute for missing teeth through developmental plasticity
FIGURE 6 Harriotta raleaghana μCT-scans. (a)–(e) Upper dentition in oral view. (a) Anterior and posterior dental plate showing close fit between them and tritoral pad on posterior plate. (b) Anterior dental plate with posterior dental plate cut away to show posterior and lingual faces of the anterior plate, lacking prominent ridges on the lingual surface of the dental plate, but with some bulbous expansion that was associated with ridges in Chimaera (Figure 2), indicated by the arrow. (c) Four upper dental plates rendered (Avizo) showing ovoids and rods (whitlockin) as extensive below the worn surface, and developing tritoral pads on the posterior plate. Ovoids in symphyseal row with antero-labial set of rods in anterior plate. (d) Anterior dental plate, virtual section through developing rod (whitlockin), surrounding trabecular dentine, sclerotic dentine near the wear surface, and trabecular dentine only at forming aboral surface. (e) Symphyseal surface with opposing left plates cut away, showing the anterior dental plate (arrow 2 marks the antero-symphyseal portion) and posterior in close alignment at the oral surface (arrow 1). Abbreviations as in previous figures
FIGURE 1 Chimaera monstrosa Linnaeus, 1758, 14 in Holocephalan (Chondrichthyes) dental plates with hypermineralized dentine as a substitute for missing teeth through developmental plasticity
FIGURE 1 Chimaera monstrosa Linnaeus, 1758, 14 cm juvenile, μCT-scans. Skull, jaws and dentition in (a) lateral view, (b) anterior view, (c) upper dentition including anterior and posterior dental plates in oral view, (d) upper and lower dentitions in antero-oral view, rendered (Drishti) to show mineralized tissue of the dental plates (coloured red). a.dpl, anterior dental plate; ap.rd, rods of hypermineralized dentine (whitlockin) in the anterior dental plate, lj, lower jaw; lj.dpl, lower jaw dental plate; p.dpl, posterior dental plate; pp.rd, rods of hypermineralized dentine (whitlockin) in the posterior dental plate, rdg, ridges on lingual surface of the anterior dental plate. Arrows in (d) indicate the position of close contact between the anterior and posterior dental plates. Scale bar = 1 mm. Asterisk in (c) indicates small oval dentine units at the midline of each dental plate
Agricultural plastic waste in Italy-Greece-Spain-Portugal
<p><span>Maps of the distribution of agricultural plastic waste in South Europe <span> </span>at the NUTS 2 regional level (EUROSTAT).</span></p>
Data from: Plasticity and the structural characteristics of personality traits in captive-reared Japanese quail during ontogeny
<p>This dataset contains the measurements of different personality traits in a study on Japanese quail.</p>
Dataset for Hormonal plasticity to food restriction is heritable
<p>Dataset and analyses for manuscript Hormonal plasticity to food restriction is heritable</p> <p>Please see readme file for more information. </p> <p>Updated analysis file (.rmd) in version 5. Please refer to ver2 and ver1 for readme and datasets. </p>
Plasticity of GABA Inhibition in the Early Visual Cortex of Human Adults: Exp2 dataset
<p>Dataset from Exp2 in "Proulx, Sébastien, Sheynin, Yasha, Hess, Robert, & Farivar, Reza. (2020). Plasticity of GABA Inhibition in the Early Visual Cortex of Human Adults (in preparation).</p> <p>Data was collected in 3-min measures: 2 consecutive pre-deprivation and 2 consecutive immediate post-deprivation.</p> <p>The 'data' variable from the exp3Data.mat file stores percept durations that were logged then averaged within measures.</p> <p>Metadata is included in the data and dataTot variable structure.</p>
Phenological data for the article: Phenotypic plasticity drives phenological changes in a Mediterranean blue tit population
<p>Earlier phenology induced by climate change, such as the passerines' breeding time, is observed in many natural populations. Understanding the nature of such changes is key to predict the responses of wild populations to climate change. Genetic changes have been rarely investigated for laying date, though it has been shown to be heritable and under directional selection, suggesting that the trait could evolve. In a Corsican blue tit population, the birds' laying date has significantly advanced over 40 years, and we here determine whether this response is of plastic or evolutionary origin, by comparing the predictions of the breeder's and the Robertson-Price (STS) equations, to the observed genetic changes. We compare the results obtained for two fitness proxies (fledgling and recruitment success), using models accounting for their zero-inflation. Because the trait appears heritable and under directional selection, the breeder's equation predicts that genetic changes could drive a significant part of the phenological change observed. We however found that fitness proxies and laying date are not genetically correlated. The STS therefore predicts no evolution of the breeding time, predicting correctly the absence of trend in breeding values. Our results also emphasize that when investigating selection on a plastic trait under fluctuating selection, part of the fitness-trait phenotypic covariance can be due to within individual covariance. In the case of repeated measurements, splitting within and between individual covariance can shift our perspective on the actual intensity of selection over multiple selection episodes, shedding light on the potential for the trait to evolve.</p>
Postnatal growth rate varies with latitude in range-expanding geese – the role of plasticity and day length
<p>This dataset contains data from an analysis of differences in growth rate among three different barnacle populations breeding at different latitudes, described in the paper:<br> Boom, Michiel P., van der Jeugd, H.P., Steffani, B., Nolet, B.A., Larsson, K., & Eichhorn, G. (2021), Postnatal growth rate varies with latitude in range-expanding geese – the role of plasticity and day length. <em>Journal of Animal Ecology.</em></p> <p>The postnatal growth period is a crucial life stage, with potential lifelong effects on an animal's fitness. How fast animals grow depends on their life history strategy and rearing environment, and interspecific comparisons generally show higher growth rates at higher latitudes. However, to elucidate the mechanisms behind this gradient in growth rate, intraspecific comparisons are needed.</p> <p>Recently, barnacle geese expanded their Arctic breeding range from the Russian Barents Sea coast southwards, and now also breed along the Baltic and North Sea coasts. Baltic breeders shortened their migration, while barnacle geese breeding along the North Sea stopped migrating entirely.</p> <p>We collected cross-sectional data on gosling tarsus length, head length and body mass, and constructed population-specific growth curves to compare growth rates among three populations (Barents Sea, Baltic Sea and North Sea) spanning 17° in latitude.</p> <p>Growth rate was faster at higher latitudes, and the gradient resembled the latitudinal gradient previously observed in an interspecific comparison of precocial species. Differences in day length among the three breeding regions could largely explain the observed differences in growth rate. In the Baltic, and especially in the Arctic population, growth rate was slower later in the season, most likely because of the stronger seasonal decline in food quality.</p> <p>Our results suggest that differences in postnatal growth rate between the Arctic and temperate populations are mainly a plastic response to local environmental conditions. This plasticity can increase the individuals' ability to cope with annual variation in local conditions, but can also increase the potential to re-distribute and adapt to new breeding environments. </p>
FIGURE 5 in True branching and phenotypic plasticity in the planktonic cyanobacterium Dolichospermum brachiatum sp. nov. (Nostocales, Aphanizomenonaceae), from south-eastern Australia
FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic tree based on partial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence (1518 base pairs) of 128 OTUs showing the phylogenetic position of Dolichospermum brachiatum. Numbers indicate bootstrap values (> 50%) from 1000 replicates of ML and NJ analyses respectively. GenBank accession numbers are shown in parentheses. Scale bar = 0.01 nucleotide substitutions per site.
FIGURE 2 in True branching and phenotypic plasticity in the planktonic cyanobacterium Dolichospermum brachiatum sp. nov. (Nostocales, Aphanizomenonaceae), from south-eastern Australia
FIGURE 2. Sequence of development of T-type true branching of Dolichospermum brachiatum from Waranga Basin. Scale bars = 20 μm.
FIGURE 7 in True branching and phenotypic plasticity in the planktonic cyanobacterium Dolichospermum brachiatum sp. nov. (Nostocales, Aphanizomenonaceae), from south-eastern Australia
FIGURE 7. Secondary structure of the ITS sequence in D. brachiatum and allied species. Circles and oblongs highlight the differences in the structures; (A–D) D1-D1′ helix (A) D. brachiatum strains WB20619.B1, WB20619.B3, WB20619.C1 and WB20619.C2, (B) D. planctonicum strains 1-3; 19-1; 23-10; NRERC-101; D. ucrainicum CHAB623, (C) D. affinis CHAB28, (D) D. lemmermanni BC Ana 0032. (E–H) Box B helix (E) D. brachiatum strains WB20619.B1, WB20619.B3, WB20619.C1 and WB20619.C2, (F) D. planctonicum strains 1-3; 19-1; 23-10; NRERC-101; D. ucrainicum CHAB623, (G) D. affinis CHAB28 and CHAB964; D. flos-aquae CHAB1652 and NIES 1669, (H) D. lemmermannii BC Ana 0032. (I–M) V3 helix (I) D. brachiatum strains WB20619.B1, WB20619.B3, WB20619.C1 and WB20619.C2, (J) D. planctonicum strain 1-3; 1-9; 19-1; 23-10; NRERC-101, (K) D. affinis CHAB28; D. flos-aquae CHAB1652 and NIES 1669, (L) D. ucrainicum CHAB623, (M) D. lemmermannii BC Ana 0032.
FIGURE 6 in True branching and phenotypic plasticity in the planktonic cyanobacterium Dolichospermum brachiatum sp. nov. (Nostocales, Aphanizomenonaceae), from south-eastern Australia
FIGURE 6. Phylogenetic tree based on the ITS sequence of the 16S–23S rRNA operon of 25 OTUs showing the phylogenetic position of Dolichospermum brachiatum. Numbers indicate bootstrap values> 50% from 1000 replicates of ML and NJ analyses respectively. GenBank accession numbers shown in parentheses. Scale bar = 0.05 nucleotide substitutions per site. Strains isolated and sequenced in this study shown in bold.
It takes time to heal a broken heart: Ventricular plasticity improves heart performance after myocardial infarction in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
<p>Coronary arteriosclerosis is a common feature of both wild and farmed salmonid fishes and may be linked to stress-induced cardiac pathologies. Yet, the plasticity and capacity for long-term myocardial restructuring and recovery following a restriction in coronary blood supply is unknown. Here, we analyzed the consequences of acute (3 days) and chronic (from 33 to 62 days) coronary occlusion (i.e., coronary artery ligation) on cardiac morphological characteristics and in vivo function in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Acute coronary occlusion resulted in elevated resting heart rate and decreased inter-beat variability, which are both markers of autonomic dysfunction following acute myocardial ischemia, along with severely reduced heart rate scope (maximum – resting heart rate) relative to sham-operated trout. We also observed a loss of myocardial interstitial collagen and compact myocardium. Following long-term coronary- ligation, resting heart rate and heart rate scope normalized relative to sham-operated trout. Moreover, a distinct fibrous collagen layer separating the compact myocardium into two layers had formed. This may contribute to maintain ventricular integrity across the cardiac cycle, or alternatively, demark a region of the compact myocardium that continues to receive oxygen from the luminal venous blood. Taken together, we demonstrate that rainbow trout may cope with the aversive effects caused by coronary artery obstruction through plastic ventricular remodeling, which, at least in part, restores cardiac performance and myocardium oxygenation.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Muraro M, Romagnoli S, Barzaghi B, Falaschi M, Manenti R, Ficetola GF (2021) Invasive predators induce plastic and adaptive responses during embryo development in a threatened frog. NeoBiota 70: 69-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.70.65454
Geographic coordinates of the monitored sites and the significance of the independent variables in the three parental investment mixed models.
Synaptic plasticity model datasets
<p>These datasets are used to reproduce the results of the synaptic plasticity model from the paper https://doi.org/10.1101/725382.</p>
Data and supporting information from: Higher metabolic plasticity in temperate compared to tropical lizards suggests increased resilience to climate change
<p>We investigate thermal acclimation of three species of <i>Takydromus</i> lizards distributed along a broad latitudinal gradient in China. The dataset are including metabolic rates, organ size, mitochondrial respiration, Cox activities, proteomic and metabolomic regulations of three <em>Takydromus </em>lizards after warm and cold acclimation in the laboratory. See details in related paper.</p>
Phenotypic plasticity and genetic diversity elucidate rarity and vulnerability of an endangered riparian plant
<p><span>Anthropogenic environmental change threatens many species and can be especially challenging for rare species given their potentially limited capacity for migration and adaptation relative to more common species.</span> The ability to acclimate via phenotypic plasticity could provide an important path to persistence, especially for rare species. We investigated the responses of an endangered plant species endemic to a highly dynamic riparian habitat in southeastern Tennessee, USA, and its most widespread congener to environmental change to elucidate their current statuses and future vulnerability. Specifically, we compared the population- and species-level plasticity of rare <i>Pityopsis ruthii</i> and common <i>P. graminifolia </i>to contrasting light, temperature, and water conditions in a growth chamber experiment to evaluate their potential to acclimate to environmental change. Contrary to our expectations, <i>P. ruthii</i> had greater phenotypic plasticity than its common congener in response to both altered light and water availability. But this plasticity was not associated with increased fitness, suggesting that it was not adaptive. Concurrently, we genotyped these individuals at nine putatively neutral microsatellite loci to contrast genetic diversity across the range of each species. As expected, <i>P. ruthii </i>exhibited reduced genetic diversity relative to its more common congener. Overall, our findings accord with the narrow range and current habitat specificity of <i>P. ruthii</i>, especially its tolerance of highly variable water, and highlight its potential vulnerability to future environmental change.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.