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2,020 results for “School”

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zenodo28/100

Study of terminological subsystems of modern school textbooks in Russian with the help of word embedding models Word2Vec and neural networks

The aim of the project is to analyse the inventory and functioning of scientific terms and special lexemes in textbooks for secondary schools of the Russian Federation with the help of modern methods of natural language processing and deep learning. The number of terms from different fields of knowledge that a pupil should learn during secondary school studies has never been evaluated. According to the preliminary evaluations made on the basis of the Model Basic Curriculum for General and Secondary Education in 2015 only the subject "Russian language" presupposes that a pupil finishing the 11th grade of secondary school should be able to understand, recognise and use about 1000 terms and terminological combinations. Thus, taking into account the number of school subjects, the total number of special vocabulary units studied in general education schools is measured in thousands. At the same time, the comparative characteristics of the inventory and functioning of terms in textbooks for different school subjects are not studied and remain unknown. The correlation between the terminological density of the text in school textbooks for different subjects and the place occupied by these subjects in the curriculum is not clear. The traditional way of compiling lists of scientific terms is simply by gleaning them from special texts and writing down manually. If this method is reliable in terms of intellectualisation of selection principles, it cannot be applied to large data sets and does not reflect either the frequency of use of terms, or the specificity of their syntagmatic connections, or the systemic relationship between terms. The current project is aimed at filling this gap by means of 1) creating a full-text corpus of school textbooks for 5–11 classes included in the Federal List compiled by the Ministry of Education, 2) automatic extraction, stratification, and mapping of terms with the help of distribution semantics algorithms, 3) creation and training of a deep neural network capable of predicting the subject, level of education and educational topic given a group of vector representations of terms as input. The results of the research can be of fundamental interest in the perspective of terminology science development and also have practical applications in the creation of different types of educational literature. Funding: The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 19-29-14032

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2020View details →

zenodo28/100

Using a Backcasting Framework to Develop Future School Models: What if compulsory schooling was a 21st century invention?

The research results provide (a) a full list of the Focus School Elements with the consensus statements from Round Three of  our modified Delphi process, and (b) a description of the five researcher developed scenarios developed from the 17 participant developed scenarios from Round Four of our modified Delphi process.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2020View details →

dryad28/100

Age-related change of axial length, spherical equivalent, prevalence of myopia and high myopia in school-age children in Shanghai: 2014 to 2018

Objective To investigate the age-related changefor axial length (AL), Spherical equivalent (SE), prevalence of myopia and high myopiain children at 7 to 18 year-olds in Shanghai in 2014 and 2018, respectively, to compare these parameters between 2014 and 2018, and to evaluated the potential factors associated with AL. Design An observational study. Setting Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai. Methods One primary school, one junior high school, and one senior high school were randomly selected in 2014 and 2018, respectively. AL, SE, prevalence of myopia and high myopia, height and weight were measured. A questionnaire regarding the lifestyles was completed. Results Mean AL were shorter in 2018 than in 2014 (P = 0.003), whereas mean SE was greater in 2018 than in 2014 (P < 0.001). The prevalence of myopia and high myopia was lower in 2018 than in 2014 (P < 0.001 and P = 0.013, respectively). Mean AL increased with age from 7 year-oldsto18 year-oldsin 2014and 2018 (both P < 0.001), respectively. Mean SE decreased with age in 2014 and 2018 (both P < 0.001), respectively. The prevalence of myopia and high myopia increased with age in 2014 and 2018 (all P < 0.001), respectively. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that longer AL was mainly associated male gender and body height. Conclusion This study shows normative growth values for AL and SE in Shanghai children at the age of 7 to 18 year-olds, as well as the age-specific prevalence of myopia and high myopia.

opencc-zeroNov 2020View details →

dryad28/100

Data from: Validating two-dimensional leadership models on three-dimensionally structured fish schools

Identifying leader-follower interactions is crucial for understanding how a group decides where or when to move, and how this information is transferred between members. Although many animal groups have a three-dimensional structure, previous studies investigating leader-follower interactions have often ignored vertical information. This raises the question whether commonly used two-dimensional leader-follower analyses can be used justifiably on groups that interact in three dimensions. To address this we quantified the individual movements of banded tetra fish (Astyanax mexicanus) within shoals by computing the three-dimensional trajectories of all individuals using a stereo-camera technique. We used these data firstly to identify and compare leader-follower interactions in two and three dimensions, and secondly to analyse leadership with respect to an individual's spatial position in three dimensions. We show that for 95% of all pairwise interactions leadership identified through two-dimensional analysis matches that identified through three-dimensional analysis, and we reveal that fish attend to the same shoalmates for vertical information as they do for horizontal information. Our results therefore highlight that three-dimensional analyses are not always required to identify leader-follower relationships in species that move freely in three-dimensions. We discuss our results in terms of the importance of taking species' sensory capacities into account when studying interaction networks within groups.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

dryad28/100

Data from: EdAl-2 (Educació en Alimentació) programme: reproducibility of a cluster randomised, interventional, primary-school-based study to induce healthier lifestyle activities in children

Objectives: To assess the reproducibility of an educational intervention EdAl-2 (Educació en Alimentació) programme in 'Terres de l'Ebre' (Spain), over 22 months, to improve lifestyles, including diet and physical activity (PA). Design: Reproduction of a cluster randomised controlled trial. Setting: Two semi-rural town-group primary-school clusters were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. Participants: Pupils (n=690) of whom 320 constituted the intervention group (1 cluster) and 370 constituted the control group (1 cluster). Ethnicity was 78% Western European. The mean age (±SD) was 8.04±0.6 years (47.7% females) at baseline. Inclusion criteria for clusters were towns from the southern part of Catalonia having a minimum of 500 children aged 7–8 year; complete data for participants, including name, gender, date and place of birth, and written informed consent from parents or guardians. Intervention: The intervention focused on eight lifestyle topics covered in 12 activities (1 h/activity/session) implemented by health promoting agents in the primary school over three academic years. Primary and secondary outcomes: The primary outcome was obesity (OB) prevalence and the secondary outcomes were body mass index (BMI) collected every year and dietary habits and lifestyles collected by questionnaires filled in by parents at baseline and end-of-study. Results: At 22 months, the OB prevalence and BMI values were similar in intervention and control groups. Relative to children in control schools, the percentage of boys in the intervention group who performed ≥4 after-school PA h/week was 15% higher (p=0.027), whereas the percentage of girls in both groups remained similar. Also, 16.6% more boys in the intervention group watched ≤2 television (TV) h/day (p=0.009), compared to controls; and no changes were observed in girls in both groups. Conclusions: Our school-based intervention is feasible and reproducible by increasing after-school PA (to ≥4 h/week) in boys. Despite this improvement, there was no change in BMI and prevalence of OB.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

dryad28/100

Data from: Axial length elongation and myopia incidence increase in primary school-age children: 3-year follow-up study

Objective: To investigate the axial length (AL) elongation in primary school-age children during 3-year follow-up period, and evaluate the associations of AL elongation with spherical equivalent (SE), AL at baseline, body height and weight. Design: A 3-year observational cohort study from 2014 to 2017. Setting: Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai. Methods: A total of 452 children successfully completed their measurements in the 3-year follow-up period. Among those children, the mean age was 6.9 ± 0.7 years, ranging from 6 years to 8 years, and 217 (42.7%) were boys. AL was measured with an ocular biometry system. Refractive error was measured using an auto-refractor without cycloplegia. Results: The mean changes of ALs were 0.27 ± 0.28 mm, 0.52 ± 0.40 mm, and 0.89 ± 0.51mm over 1 year, over 2 years and over 3 years, respectively. The mean changes of Spherical equivalents (SEs) were -0.27 ± 0.80 D, -0.56 ± 1.00 D, and -0.95 ± 1.41 D over 1 year, over 2 years and over 3 years, respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that mean change of AL was associated with mean change of SE at all points (all P < 0.001). In addition, linear regression analysis revealed that AL elongation in the 3-year follow-up period was associated with AL at baseline (R2 = 0.009, P = 0.045). Conclusions: AL elongation is relatively high in the primary school-age children in Jinshan District, Shanghai. Effect strategies are needed to control AL elongation.

opencc-zeroOct 2019View details →

dryad28/100

Data from: Logical validation and evaluation of practical feasibility for the SCRuM (School Clinical Rugby Measure) test battery developed for young adolescent rugby players in a resource-constrained environment

There is a growing impetus towards usage of test batteries in talent identification (TID) programmes in rugby. Consequently, there are many test batteries in existence profiling anthropometric, physiological characteristics and rugby-specific skills. There is no consensus in the literature on the constituent variables and corresponding tests required to inform TID programs. Following development of a new test battery called the SCRuM (School Clinical Rugby Measure), this study aimed at establishing face, logical validity and practical feasibility of included tests. The test battery, initially comprised of 23 items, had its face and logical validity evaluated by five (5) adolescent rugby coaches and 20 rugby experts, respectively. Logical validation was conducted in two questionnaire-based rounds with Content Validity Index (I-CVI) calculated for each variable. Subsequently, a cross-sectional study targeting 30 local rugby coaches was conducted to determine the perceived practical feasibility of each test item. The results showed excellent I-CVI (>0.78) for 17 variables (speed, weight, height and skin fold measures, repeated high-intensity exercise performance ability, prolonged high-intensity intermittent running ability, change of direction speed, anaerobic capacity, lower-and upper body muscular power and strength, muscular flexibility, reactive agility, passing for accuracy, tackling proficiency, and catching). However, three tests, namely, Reactive Agility, One Repetition Maximum Back Squat and One Repetition Maximum Bench Press had low test-feasibility indices (T-FI< 35) suggesting practicality concerns with implementation in the Zimbabwean context. Thus, these findings suggest the need for substitution or development of new practically feasible tests for upper-and lower body muscular strength and reactive agility.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

dryad28/100

Anxiety, self-efficacy, and self-regulation in high school students The mediating role of attentional control

Reducing anxiety, developing self-efficacy and self-regulation skills, and increasing attentional control are among the goals of psychological counseling sessions. This study intends to determine whether or not high school students' attentional control over their anxieties is affected by self-efficacy and self-regulation, as attentional control is not seen to have been studied relationally with other variables in Turkey; 334 students in Istanbul's Zeytinburnu district participated in the research. Data has been collected using the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Perceived Self-Regulation Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Attentional Control Scale. Correlation and path-analysis techniques have been used in analyzing the data. According to the findings, self-efficacy is a positive and significant predictor of self-regulation and attentional control and a negative predictor of anxiety in model for the high school students. Attentional control also negatively predicts anxiety. Additionally, attentional control has a mediating role between self-efficacy and anxiety.

opencc-zeroDec 2019View details →

dryad28/100

Data from: Speed-mediated properties of schooling

Collectively moving animals often display a high degree of synchronisation and cohesive group-level formations, such as elongated schools of fish. These global patterns emerge as the result of localised rules of interactions. However, the exact relationship between speed, polarisation, neighbour positioning and group structure has produced conflicting results and is largely limited to modelling approaches. This hinders our ability to understand how information spreads between individuals, which may determine the collective functioning of groups. We tested how speed interacts with polarisation and positional composition to produce the elongation observed in moving groups of fish as well as how this impacts information flow between individuals. At the local level, we found that increases in speed led to increases in alignment and shifts from lateral to linear neighbour positioning. At the global level, these increases in linear neighbour positioning resulted in elongation of the group. Furthermore, mean pairwise transfer entropy increased with speed and alignment, implying an adaptive value to forming faster, more polarised and linear groups. Ultimately, this research provides vital insight into the mechanisms underlying elongation of moving animal groups and highlights the functional significance of cohesive and coordinated movement.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

zenodo28/100