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Data from: A widespread thermodynamic effect, but maintenance of biological rates through space across life's major domains
For over a century, the hypothesis of temperature compensation, the maintenance of similar biological rates in species from different thermal environments, has remained controversial. An alternative idea, that fitness is greater at higher temperatures (the thermodynamic effect), has gained increasing traction. This alternative hypothesis is also being used to understand large-scale biodiversity responses to environmental change. Yet evidence in favour of each of these contrasting hypotheses continues to emerge. In consequence, the fundamental nature of organismal thermal responses and its implications remain unresolved. Here we investigate these ideas explicitly using a global dataset of 619 observations of four categories of organismal performance, spanning 14 phyla and 403 species. In agreement with both hypotheses, we show a positive relationship between the temperature of maximal performance rate (Topt) and environmental temperature (Tenv) for all traits. Next we demonstrate that relationships between Tenv and the maximal performance rate (Umax) are rarely significant and positive, as expected if a thermodynamic effect predominates. By contrast, a positive relationship between Topt and Umax is always present, but markedly weaker than theoretically predicted. These outcomes demonstrate that while some form of thermodynamic effect exists, ample scope is present for biochemical and physiological adaptation to thermal environments in the form of temperature compensation.
A morphometrics analysis of the widespread Triplaris americana (Polygonaceae)
<p><i>Triplaris</i> (Polygonaceae) is a genus of 18 species of fast-growing dioecious trees. <i>Triplaris</i> is widely distributed in the Neotropics, with a center of diversity in the western portion of the Amazon basin. The most recent revision of the genus was one of consolidation, lumping a large number of names into a small number of species concepts. One species in particular, <i>T. americana</i>, is presently an amalgamation of 15 historical taxonomic concepts. Moreover, as currently circumscribed, <i>T. americana</i> is morphologically variable and ranges over the whole of the Neotropics, despite the fact that most species in the genus have restricted geographic ranges. Given the recent taxonomic history of <i>Triplaris</i>, the infraspecific variation observed in <i>T. americana</i>, and the narrow endemism observed in most species of <i>Triplaris</i>, it is reasonable to question whether <i>T. americana</i>, as it is currently circumscribed, in fact constitutes a single species. This study examined the circumscription of <i>T. americana</i> using a morphological species concept, morphometrics, and hierarchical clustering. Hierarchical clustering revealed that the morphological variation present in 136 specimens of <i>T. americana</i> could be explained by dividing those specimens into two groups of plants. These groups however, could not be reliably distinguished morphologically. The distribution of values and morphologies among the various groups always overlapped. As a result, this work supports retaining <i>T. americana</i> as a single, widespread, and morphologically variable species.</p>
Figures 45-50 from: Bouzan RS, Iniesta LFM, Pena-Barbosa JPP, Brescovit AD (2021) Six new species of the widespread Brazilian millipede genus Eucampesmella (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae). Zoologia 38: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.38.e66300
Figures 45-50 (45–47) Eucampesmella capitu sp. nov., holotype, MNRJ 11959, left gonopod: (45) mesal view; (46) ventral view; (47) ectal view. (48–50) Eucampesmella brascubas sp. nov., holotype, MZSP, left gonopod: (48) mesal view; (49) ventral view; (50) ectal view. Scale bars: 800 µm.
Figures 30-36 from: Bouzan RS, Iniesta LFM, Pena-Barbosa JPP, Brescovit AD (2021) Six new species of the widespread Brazilian millipede genus Eucampesmella (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae). Zoologia 38: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.38.e66300
Figures 30-36 (30–31) Eucampesmella sulcata stat. rev., NHMW, left gonopod: (30) mesal view; (31) ectal view. (32–34) Eucampesmella lartiguei stat. nov., IBSP 4429, left gonopod: (32) mesal view; (33) ventral view; (34) ectal view. (35–36) Eucampesmella lartiguei stat. nov., MNRJ 11609, left vulva: (35) ventral view; (36) lateral view. Scale bars: 30–34 = 1 mm, 35–36 = 500 µm.
Figures 37-44 from: Bouzan RS, Iniesta LFM, Pena-Barbosa JPP, Brescovit AD (2021) Six new species of the widespread Brazilian millipede genus Eucampesmella (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae). Zoologia 38: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.38.e66300
Figures 37-44 (37–39) Eucampesmella expansa, MZSP, right gonopod: (37) mesal view; (38) ectal view; (39) detail of the prefemoral process, ventral view. (40–41) Eucampesmella serrana, holotype, NHMW, left gonopod: (40) mesal view; (41) ectal view. (42–44) Eucampesmella macunaima sp. nov., holotype, IBSP 3632, left gonopod: (42) mesal view; (43) ventral view; (44) ectal view. Scale bars: 37–41 = 1 mm, 42–44 = 600 µm.
Figures 25-29 from: Bouzan RS, Iniesta LFM, Pena-Barbosa JPP, Brescovit AD (2021) Six new species of the widespread Brazilian millipede genus Eucampesmella (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae). Zoologia 38: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.38.e66300
Figures 25-29 Eucampesmella tricuspis, holotype, NHMW: (25) dorsal view of anterior; (26) midbody and (27) posterior body rings; (28, 29) left gonopod: (28) microscope slide with gonopod, mesal view; (29) schematic drawing of gonopod, mesal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figures 19-24 from: Bouzan RS, Iniesta LFM, Pena-Barbosa JPP, Brescovit AD (2021) Six new species of the widespread Brazilian millipede genus Eucampesmella (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae). Zoologia 38: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.38.e66300
Figures 19-24 Structures of Eucampesmella, adult female of E. macunaima sp. nov.: (19) 3rd body ring; (20) detail of epigyne; right vulva: (21) ventral view; (22) lateral view; (23) detail of the operculum; (24) detail of the setae on the external valve. Scale bars: 19 = 2 mm; 20–22 = 1 mm; 23 = 400 µm; 24 = 200 µm.
Figures 61-65 from: Bouzan RS, Iniesta LFM, Pena-Barbosa JPP, Brescovit AD (2021) Six new species of the widespread Brazilian millipede genus Eucampesmella (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae). Zoologia 38: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.38.e66300
Figures 61-65 Eucampesmella lalla sp. nov. (61–63) Holotype, IBSP 1378, left gonopod: (61) mesal view; (62) ventral view; (63) ectal view. (64–65) Paratype, IBSP 1378, left vulva: (64) ventral view; (65) lateral view. Scale bars: (61–63 = Scale bars: 1 mm, 64–65 = 700 µm.
Figures 5-10 from: Bouzan RS, Iniesta LFM, Pena-Barbosa JPP, Brescovit AD (2021) Six new species of the widespread Brazilian millipede genus Eucampesmella (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae). Zoologia 38: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.38.e66300
Figures 5-10 Structures of Eucampesmella: (5) head; (6) detail of incisura lateralis; (7) last antennomere; (8) patches with modified setae near the apical sense cones; (9) Gnathochilarium; (10) midbody leg, ventral detail. Scale bars: 5, 9 = 2 mm, 6–8 = 300 µm, 10 = 500 µm.
Figures 15-18 from: Bouzan RS, Iniesta LFM, Pena-Barbosa JPP, Brescovit AD (2021) Six new species of the widespread Brazilian millipede genus Eucampesmella (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae). Zoologia 38: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.38.e66300
Figures 15-18 Structures of Eucampesmella, left gonopod of E. macunaima sp. nov.: (15) mesal view; (16) ectal view; (17) detail of deep separation between the prefemoral region and acropodite region, ventral view; (18) detail of the cannula and deep separation between the prefemoral region and acropodite region, mesal view. Scale bars: 15–16 = 1mm, 17–18 = 500 µm.
Figures 11-14 from: Bouzan RS, Iniesta LFM, Pena-Barbosa JPP, Brescovit AD (2021) Six new species of the widespread Brazilian millipede genus Eucampesmella (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae). Zoologia 38: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.38.e66300
Figures 11-14 Structures of Eucampesmella: (11) detail of the edge of paranota; (12) detail of stigma; (13) 7th body ring, detail of gonopod aperture, ventral view; (14) 7th body ring, anal view. Scale bars: 11 = 500 µm, 12 = 200 µm; 13, 14 = 2 mm.
Figures 56-60 from: Bouzan RS, Iniesta LFM, Pena-Barbosa JPP, Brescovit AD (2021) Six new species of the widespread Brazilian millipede genus Eucampesmella (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae). Zoologia 38: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.38.e66300
Figures 56-60 Eucampesmella pedrobala sp. nov. (56–58) Holotype, MNRJ 11606, left gonopod: (56) mesal view; (57) ventral view; (58) ectal view. (59–60) Paratype, MNRJ 30173, left vulva: (59) ventral view; (60) lateral view. Scale bars: 56–60 = 800 µm, 59–60 = 700 µm.
Figures 51-55 from: Bouzan RS, Iniesta LFM, Pena-Barbosa JPP, Brescovit AD (2021) Six new species of the widespread Brazilian millipede genus Eucampesmella (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae). Zoologia 38: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.38.e66300
Figures 51-55 (51–52) Eucampesmella brascubas sp. nov., paratype, MZSP, left vulva: (51) ventral view; (52) lateral view. (53–55) Eucampesmella iracema sp. nov., holotype, MNRJ 11648, left gonopod: (53) mesal view; (54) ventral view; (55) ectal view. Scale bars: 51–52 = 700 µm, 53–55 = 800 µm.
Figures 1-4 from: Bouzan RS, Iniesta LFM, Pena-Barbosa JPP, Brescovit AD (2021) Six new species of the widespread Brazilian millipede genus Eucampesmella (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae). Zoologia 38: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.38.e66300
Figures 1-4 Eucampesmella macunaima sp. nov.: (1) place where the specimens were found; (2) live specimen; (3–4) living adults mating. Photos courtesy of Raphael Indicatti.
Leaf functional traits and insular colonization: subtropical islands as a melting pot of trait diversity in a widespread plant lineage
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>One of the main goals of functional biogeography is to examine distribution patterns of trait diversity, and islands provide excellent study cases for this emerging field. We tested the hypothesis that multiple dispersals from a common mainland pool would promote functional similarity among island systems when environmental conditions are similar, but also novel phenotypic traits related to colonization history and exploitation of new habitats.</p> <p><strong>Location: </strong>Mediterranean Basin and Macaronesian islands</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We used the well-known biogeographical history of a woody plant complex (Periploca laevigata s.l.) to examine trait variation and how it relates to climatic conditions of mainland and subtropical island settings. In a common garden experiment, we measured a suite of leaf physiological and anatomical traits tightly related to plant performance in 320 seedlings representing 21 populations of five sublineages: the oldest (2.6 my) island colonization (western Canary Islands) as a reference, three sublineages stemming from independent events of island colonization in the last 0.5 my from NW Africa (Cape Verde, Fuerteventura, Lanzarote), and their widespread Mediterranean mainland counterpart.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> We observed strong phenotypic divergence between island and mainland sublineages linked to contrasting climatic conditions. Mediterranean mainland populations displayed a very specialized leaf phenotype characteristic of arid plants (i.e. small leaves, amphistomaty, isobilateral mesophyll, high photosynthetic rates). In turn, low seasonality on islands was linked to the recurrent expression of a phenotype characterized by larger leaves and lower photosynthetic rates. Our analyses showed that the high investment in secondary compounds (i.e. tannins) on islands decouples photosynthesis from growth rates. Despite this pattern of parallel differentiation, each island sublineage displayed a distinctive phenotype, with some traits related to colonization time, which resulted in a mosaic of functional variation across island systems.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>Our data suggest that the studied subtropical islands promote expression of traits specific to certain sublineages and other common traits that are no untypeset proof Page 2 of 50 Journal of Biogeography longer adaptive in the original mainland pool due to Pleistocene climatic shifts. These findings ultimately extend the role of islands as biodiversity refugia and hotspots of plant functional diversity.</p>
Figs. 16–19. Zimiris doriai Simon, female. 16. Spinnerets, distal view. 17. Anterior lateral spinneret, distal view. 18. Posterior median spinnerets, distal view. 19 in A Revision of the Widespread Spider Genus Zimiris (Araneae, Prodidomidae)
Figs. 16–19. Zimiris doriai Simon, female. 16. Spinnerets, distal view. 17. Anterior lateral spinneret, distal view. 18. Posterior median spinnerets, distal view. 19. Posterior lateral spinnerets, distal view.
FIGURE 2 in Discovery of the second European Amalopis species: an integrative survey of the widespread Pedicia (Amalopis) occulta (Meigen, 1830) (Insecta, Diptera, Pediciidae)
FIGURE 2. Habitus of the adult male of P. f u s c a (A) and P. occulta (B), lateral view.
FIGURE 6 in Discovery of the second European Amalopis species: an integrative survey of the widespread Pedicia (Amalopis) occulta (Meigen, 1830) (Insecta, Diptera, Pediciidae)
FIGURE 6. Right wing of P. f u s c a (A) and P. occulta (B).
FIGURE 5 in Discovery of the second European Amalopis species: an integrative survey of the widespread Pedicia (Amalopis) occulta (Meigen, 1830) (Insecta, Diptera, Pediciidae)
FIGURE 5. Lateral view of thorax of P. f u s c a (A) and P. occulta (B).
FIGURE 7 in Discovery of the second European Amalopis species: an integrative survey of the widespread Pedicia (Amalopis) occulta (Meigen, 1830) (Insecta, Diptera, Pediciidae)
FIGURE 7. Male terminalia of P. f u s c a (A) and P. occulta (B) from dorsal view.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.