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Figure 11 in A further study on littoral ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) near King George Island, Antarctica, with description of a new genus and seven new species

Figure 11. Holosticha antarctica nov. spec. after protargol impregnation. (A, B, F) Ventral view, to show the general appearance of ciliature. (C) Ventral view of caudal portion, arrow indicates the transverse cirri. (D, E, G) Ventral view of anterior portion, arrow in D marks the frontoterminal cirri, in E indicates the distal end of adoral zone; arrowheads in G indicate the frontal cirri. (H) Dorsal view, to show the dorsal kineties. (I, L, M) Ventral view of caudal part, to show the different structures of the ciliature: arrow in I marks the midventral row, while those in L, M indicate the transverse cirri. Double-arrowheads in I mark the (likely?) posterior end of left marginal row. (J, K) Ventral view, to show the buccal apparatus, arrows mark the buccal cirrus. Scale bars: 100 Mm (A); 60 Mm (B); 200 Mm (F); 50 Mm (I, L).

Figure 8 in A further study on littoral ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) near King George Island, Antarctica, with description of a new genus and seven new species

Figure 8. Urotricha antarctica nov. spec. (A–F), Pleuronema coronatum (G–I) and Pseudocohnilembus persalinus (J–N) after protargol (A–I, K) and silver-nitrate (J, L–N) impregnations. (A) Apical view, to show the oral area, arrowheads mark the tiny extrusomes in the roomy cytostome, arrow indicates the moral kinety. (B, C) Anterior portion, arrows mark the dorsal brush, while double-arrowheads in C indicate the macronucleus. (D, E) Caudal area, arrows mark the caudal cilia. (F) Caudal view, arrow indicates the contractilevacuole pores. (G, I) Ventral view, to show the buccal apparatus. (H) The same specimen as in G, to show the shortened preoral kineties (arrowheads). (J) Anterior part, to show the ciliafree apical area (arrowhead). (K) Right lateral view, to show the somatic (arrowhead) and buccal (arrow) ciliature. (L) Right view, to show the contractile-vacuole pore (arrow). (M) Ventral view, to show the cytopyge (arrow) and contractile-vacuole pore (arrowhead). (N) Ventral view, to shouw the silverline structure (arrow) conecting the membranelles (arrowheads). Scale bars: 30 Mm.

Figure 9 in A further study on littoral ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) near King George Island, Antarctica, with description of a new genus and seven new species

Figure 9. Chlamydonella apoprostomata nov. spec. (A–G), Litonotus sp. (H, I, K) and Hartmannula angustipilosa (J) after protargol impregnation. (A, B) Ventral view of anterior portion, to show the preoral kineties (arrows). (C) The same specimen as A, to show the cytostome (arrow). (D, G) Dorsal view, to show the apical fragment (arrow and arrowheads). (E) Detail of anterior part, ventral view, to show the argentophilic granules (arrowheads) and the terminal fragment (arrow). (F) Ventral view, to show the gradually shortened somatic kineties (arrowheads). (H) Left view, to show the dorsal brush (arrow). (I) Right view, note the shortened somatic kineties (arrowheads). (J) Ventral view, to show the macronucleus (arrow) and the shortened somatic kineties (arrowheads). (K) Left view, to show the macronuclei (arrowheads) and the ridges (arrows). Scale bars: 30 Mm (C); 50 Mm (I); 40 Mm (J).

Figure 6 in A further study on littoral ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) near King George Island, Antarctica, with description of a new genus and seven new species

Figure 6. Euplotes petzi nov. spec. from life (A, C, D) and after protargol impregnation (B, E–G) (C, D, G; after Petz, Song and Wilbert 1995). (A, D) Specimens found in 2006 population (A) and 1995 population (D), note the different lengths of most ciliary organelles. (B) Different shapes of macronucleus. (C) To show the dorsal ridges (arrows). (E, F) Ventral and dorsal view of a specimen from 2006 population. (G) Dorsal view of a specimen from the population studied by Petz et al. 1995. CC, caudal cirri; DK, dorsal kineties; FVC, frontoventral cirri; Ma, macronucleus; MC, marginal cirrus; Mi, micronucleus; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 30 Mm.

Figure 5 in A further study on littoral ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) near King George Island, Antarctica, with description of a new genus and seven new species

Figure 5. Diophrys appendiculata (A) and D. aff. oligothrix (B–F) after protargol impregnation. (A) Ventral view of infraciliature, arrows mark the fragment-like dorsolateral kineties. (B, C) Ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen (not typical considering its fine cirri); note that most of the cirri are relatively weaker than those in A (D. appendiculata); arrowheads mark the transverse cirri, arrows indicate the dorsolateral kineties. (D, E) Two newly divided individuals, note that the cirri are conspicuously strong; arrows in E mark the dorsolateral kinety. (F) Dorsal side, arrows mark the dorsal kineties. CC, caudal cirri; FC, frontal cirri; MC, marginal cirri. Scale bars: 30 Mm (A); 40 Mm (B, C).

Figure 4 in A further study on littoral ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) near King George Island, Antarctica, with description of a new genus and seven new species

Figure 4. Bickella antarctica nov. spec. (A–E) from life (A) and after protargol impregnation. (C) Lateral view, arrow marks the macronucleus. (E) Apical view, arrow marks the paroral membrane, arrowheads indicate the end of adoral-zone of membranelles. (D) Details of membranelles and paroral membrane. (B) Somatic kineties, composed of dikinetids. Scale bars: 100 Mm (A); 50 Mm (C); 20 Mm (E).

Figure 7 in A further study on littoral ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) near King George Island, Antarctica, with description of a new genus and seven new species

Figure 7. Euplotes dragescoi nov. spec. after protargol impregnation. (A, B) Ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen, arrow in A marks the tiny second marginal cirrus. (C) Ventral view. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CC, caudal cirri; DK, dorsal kineties; FVC, frontoventral cirri; Ma, macronucleus; MC, marginal cirrus. Scale bar: 50 Mm.

Figure 2 in A further study on littoral ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) near King George Island, Antarctica, with description of a new genus and seven new species

Figure 2. Holosticha antarctica nov. spec. from life (A, E) and after protargol impregnation (B–D, F–H). (A) Ventral view of a typical specimen. (B, C) Ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen, to show the general infraciliature. (D) Detailed structure of buccal area, arrow marks the distal end of adoral zone. (E) To show different body shapes when crawling on a substrate surface. (F–H) Caudal part, to show the different appearance of the cirral patterns. Note that the transverse cirri are sometimes mixed with the marginal row. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; DK, dorsal kineties; EM, endoral membrane; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronucleus; MVR, midventral rows; PM, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 150 Mm (A, E); 100 Mm (B, D).

Figure 3 in A further study on littoral ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) near King George Island, Antarctica, with description of a new genus and seven new species

Figure 3. Pseudocohnilembus persalinus (A), Euplotes vannus (B, C), Metaurostylopsis marina (D, E) and Holosticha apodiademata nov. spec. (F, G) after silver-nitrate (A) and protargol impregnation (B–G). (A) Ventral view of silverline system, arrow marks the small membranelle 3. (B, C) Ventral and dorsal view of the same specimen, arrow in B indicates the paroral membrane. (D, E) Ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen, doublearrowheads mark the posterior end of the ventral row, which is continued by the short midventral rows, while the arrow indicates the buccal cirrus. (F, G) Ventral and dorsal view of the same specimen, arrow marks the big gap between the two parts of the adoral zone. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CC, caudal cilia (in A) or caudal cirri (in B); BC, buccal cirrus; Cs, cytostome; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; CyP, cytopyge; DK, dorsal kineties; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; FVC, frontoventral cirri; M1, M2, membranelles 1 and 2; Ma, macronucleus; MC, marginal cirri; MVR, midventral rows; PM, paroral membrane; SKn, last somatic kinety; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 25 Mm (A); 40 Mm (B–E); 50 Mm (F, G).

Figure 1 in A further study on littoral ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) near King George Island, Antarctica, with description of a new genus and seven new species

Figure 1. Urotricha antarctica nov. spec. (A–C), Chlamydonella apoprostomata nov. spec. (D– F) and Hartmannula angustipilosa (G–J) after protargol impregnation. (A) General view of morphology, to show the macronucleus (Ma) and contractile vacuole (CV). (B) Apical view, to show the cytostome area; note the circumoral kinety (CK). Arrow marks the dorsal brush. (C) Caudal view, arrowheads mark the kinety ring, arrow indicates the contractile vacuole pores, while double-arrowheads mark the caudal cilia. (D) Ventral view, to show the general ciliature, arrow marks the leftmost end of perioral kineties; arrows mark the circle of argentophilic granules, while the double-arrowheads indicate the micronucleus. (E) Buccal apparatus, to show the fragmented perioral kineties. (F) To show two specimens full of ingested diatoms. (G) Ventral view, to show the general ciliature. (H) Details in oral area, arrows mark the perioral kineties. (I, J) Anterior portion, arrow in I marks the macronucleus. AK, apical kinety; CK, circumoral kinety; Cs, cytostome; CV, contractile vacuole; EF, equatorial fragment; Ma, macronucleus; PeK, perioral kineties; Po, podite; PrK, preoral kineties; TF, terminal fragment. Scale bars: 50 Mm (A); 40 Mm (D); 60 Mm (E, F).

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FIGURE 2. Haloops antarctica, n in Haploops antarctica n. sp. (Crustacea: Gammaridea: Ampeliscidae): the first species of the genus Haploops from the Southern Antarctic Ocean

FIGURE 2. Haloops antarctica, n. sp., holotype female, 10mm (ANDEEP III, EBS 154-9). (1) maxilliped; (2) mandible; (3) maxilla 1; (4) maxilla 2; (5) labium. Scale bars: 100 µm.

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FIGURE 1. Haloops antarctica, n in Haploops antarctica n. sp. (Crustacea: Gammaridea: Ampeliscidae): the first species of the genus Haploops from the Southern Antarctic Ocean

FIGURE 1. Haloops antarctica, n. sp., holotype female, 10mm (ANDEEP III, EBS 154-9). (1) habitus; (2) antenna 1; (3) antenna 2; (4) gnathopod 1; (5) coxal plate 1; (6) gnathopod 2; (7) pereopod 3; (8) pereopod 4; (9) pereopod 5; (10) pereopod 6; (11) pereopod 7; (12) uropod 1; (13) uropod 2; (14) uropod 3; (15) detail of rami of uropod 3; (16) telson. Scale bars: 100 µm.

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F in Description and ecology of a spongicolous lysianassoid amphipod (Crustacea) from Antarctica

F. 5. Pseudokoroga spongiophila n. sp. (A) Palm and dactylus of first gnathopod; (B) pectinate setae on palm of first gnathopod; (C) dactylus of first gnathopod; (D) chela of second gnathopod.

FIGURE 12 in Vulcanolepas scotiaensis sp. nov., a new deep-sea scalpelliform barnacle (Eolepadidae: Neolepadinae) from hydrothermal vents in the Scotia Sea, Antarctica

FIGURE 12. Benthic Ecology: The V. scotiaensis sp. nov. assemblage at the "Dog's Head" vent in E2. The morphotype present here is predominantly the 'robust' variety of V. scotiaensis sp. nov., and specimens are generally heavily encrusted with blackish Fe/Mn minerals. The greatest density of organisms is found along what is interpreted as an old, or dying active vent. The bio-density in this reduced energy environment is significantly lower than at "Carwash" (Figure 11).

FIGURE 10a in Vulcanolepas scotiaensis sp. nov., a new deep-sea scalpelliform barnacle (Eolepadidae: Neolepadinae) from hydrothermal vents in the Scotia Sea, Antarctica

FIGURE 10a. Ratios of peduncle to capitulum length. The "gracile" form (shown as series 1, a diamond) is the less ornamented variety, and by far the most abundant in the collections. During growth, the peduncle can grow up to 20 times the length of the capitulum. The trend line included is for the "gracile" form only; the R2 correlation of this regression at 0.72518 confirms a reasonable correlation—i.e. that with growth, the pedun11 cle can be expected to become proportionately longer. However, the "robust" variety (shown here as series 2, a square) has subequal p:c ratios, and this apparently changes little with growth (= age), such that some larger specimens may even possess a capitulum that is slightly longer than the peduncle. This part of the graph is isolated and used in Figure 10b. Data base 57 specimens ("gracile" from JC42 F-0396 (34), JC42 F386 (10); "robust" 13 from JC42-F0122). p = peduncle length, c = capitulum length.

FIGURE 5 in Vulcanolepas scotiaensis sp. nov., a new deep-sea scalpelliform barnacle (Eolepadidae: Neolepadinae) from hydrothermal vents in the Scotia Sea, Antarctica

FIGURE 5. Morphotypes of Vulcanolepas scotiaensis sp. nov. a: The "gracile" form. Holotype NHMUK 2013.1031. The capitulum comprises eight approximate, calcareous plates: carina (c), rostrum (r) and paired terga (t), scuta (s) and medial latera (ml); is = imbricating scale of the peduncle. Note the broadly arched profile of the carina (compared with b), and on the tergum, the weak longitudinal ridge on the scutal side that extends to a point near the apex of the medial latus. The peduncle has been truncated in this diagram (see Figure 6f for an appreciation of the relative peduncle to capitulum length). b: The "robust" form. Paratype NHMUK 2013.1032. Note the nodose pattern on the plates, produced by intersection of strong growth lines with longitudinal ribs. The peduncle, although truncated for this diagram, is approximately the same length as the capitulum.

FIGURE 4 in Vulcanolepas scotiaensis sp. nov., a new deep-sea scalpelliform barnacle (Eolepadidae: Neolepadinae) from hydrothermal vents in the Scotia Sea, Antarctica

FIGURE 4. Genetic relationship of V. scotiaensis sp. nov. with other neolepadines: 28S Bayesian majority-rule consensus phylogeny. Bayesian posterior support and maximum likelihood bootstrap support are respectively shown next to each tree node.

FIGURE 8. Vulcanolepas scotiaensis Appendages and trophi. a in Vulcanolepas scotiaensis sp. nov., a new deep-sea scalpelliform barnacle (Eolepadidae: Neolepadinae) from hydrothermal vents in the Scotia Sea, Antarctica

FIGURE 8. Vulcanolepas scotiaensis Appendages and trophi. a: Cirrus I; b: Cirrus II. c Right second maxilla; d: Right maxilla (or maxillule); e: Right mandible, showing modification of the two lower teeth and the inferior angle into a comb-like structure, a characteristic feature of the neolepadines noted in Southward & Newman, (1998: 261). f: Intermediate segment of cirrus VI, showing six pairs of long, simple setae and below these, three pairs of successively shorter, finer setae (setae truncated). g: Uni-articulate caudal appendage. (Note that in these diagrams, the density of the setae on the trophi is reduced). From JC42-F-0396.

FIGURE 2 in Vulcanolepas scotiaensis sp. nov., a new deep-sea scalpelliform barnacle (Eolepadidae: Neolepadinae) from hydrothermal vents in the Scotia Sea, Antarctica

FIGURE 2. Distribution of described species of Neolepadinae. In addition to these eight species, Newman et al. (2006) list at least a further nine taxa to be described. These new taxa are not defined at genus level here, nor is their distribution likely to be complete; they are included to provide an appreciation of the wide distribution of the subfamily. Although primarily from the eastern and southern Pacific Ocean, these undescribed taxa include a form intermediate between Leucolepas and Neolepas from the Indian Ocean Ridge (Newman et al., 2006: 362). It is likely that further neolepadines will be found as the known distribution is a reflection of where sampling regimes have been most active; the apparent absence of neolepadines from the widely sampled mid Atlantic Ridge refugial ecosystems is nonetheless surprising.

FIGURE 1 in Vulcanolepas scotiaensis sp. nov., a new deep-sea scalpelliform barnacle (Eolepadidae: Neolepadinae) from hydrothermal vents in the Scotia Sea, Antarctica

FIGURE 1. Locality diagram. Regional setting of the East Scotia Ridge back-arc basin, some 400–500 kilometres southeast of South Georgia in the Southern Ocean. Vent-field segments E2 and E9 of the ESR (shown by stars) are roughly positioned along a longitudinal line immediately to west of the South Sandwich Islands.