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3,169 results for “bat”
Code and source data for the paper: "Heat over heritability: increasing body size in response to global warming is not stabilized by genetic effects in Bechstein's bats"
<p>The first two script include code for the model building testing different fixed effect strucutes.</p> <p>The next two script includes all code for the descriptive analysis, all figures, as well as the animal models that compare heritabilty between the different environments (Q1-Q4) as well as between the birth environments differentials of mothers and daughters.</p> <p>Data contain the pedigree ('pedigree_Model_cod.csv'), further information ('pedigree_information_cod.csv) and weather data ('Weather_summer.csv')</p>
Data from: Changing with the times: Seasonal environmental gradients unveil dynamic bat assemblages and vulnerability
<p>Uncovering the temporal and spatial dynamics of biological communities in response to biotic and abiotic drivers is essential to predict the effects of environmental change on biodiversity. Similarly, estimating species vulnerability in the face of such dynamics is crucial for implementing effective conservation actions. We explored how bat diversity changes over the year across an altitudinal gradient and identified the environmental drivers that shape bat communities. By analysing species' marginality within the biophysical niche space, we evaluated bats' vulnerability to foreseeable environmental changes. Our results suggest that altitude, the proportion of forest cover and shrubs cover are the main drivers shaping bat communities year-round. Additionally, while some bat species are restricted to a single ecological assemblage (or ecological preferences group), others show greater plasticity throughout the year. Importantly, we found that although bats associated with highland habitats and forests could be particularly vulnerable to environmental changes (in particular <em>Myotis mystacinus</em>), this vulnerability correlates poorly with their national conservation status. We suggest that species' ecological plasticity is critical for the resilience of biological communities exposed to environmental changes and should be considered when planning tailored conservation strategies.</p>
Transition to organic farming negatively affects bat activity
<ol> <li>The effectiveness of organic farming on biodiversity has been widely documented especially for plants, arthropods and birds; however, the effects of the transition period required to become an organic farm on wildlife remain poorly understood.</li> <li>We assessed the effects of organic farming on insectivorous bats in citrus orchards in the Republic of Cyprus employing two matched designs (conventional vs. 3-years organic-transitional and conventional vs. organic-certified) and a third unmatched design (3-years organic-transitional vs. organic-certified). We specifically investigated whether the transition period prior to full organic certification influenced bat activity with a special focus on any moderation effects from surrounding semi-natural areas.</li> <li>The activity of three (<em>Pipistrellus kuhlii, Hypsugo savii </em>and Miniopterus<em> schreibersii</em>) of four bat species was significantly lower in farms undergoing the transitional period than in conventional farms, and <em>P. kuhlii </em>and<em> H. savii </em>were significantly less active in organic transitional farming systems that in organic-certified ones. Furthermore, the activity of the most dominant species (<em>P. kuhlii</em>) was significantly higher on organic than transitional and conventional citrus orchards, thus suggesting a time-lag effect. Landscape complexity measured as the amount of semi-natural areas did not moderate the effects of farming system for any study species.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis and application</em>. The transition to organic farming had persistent detrimental effects on bats and potentially on the pest suppression services they provide. Future agri-environmental policy should consider the transition period and implement measures to mitigate any negative effects on biodiversity, alongside promoting asynchronous transition of nearby farms. Our findings further highlight the crucial need to consider the time since transition to organic farming when assessing potential benefits of organic management on biodiversity.</li> </ol>
Data from: Geographical variation and discrimination of social calls in male great Himalayan leaf-nosed bats: Do functionally similar calls have similar patterns?
<p><span>Geographical variation in animals' acoustic signals has received much attention. However, few studies have compared the patterns and underlying selective forces driving geographical divergence of vocalizations with similar and different functions within the same species. Also, the social consequences of geographical divergence in acoustic signals are still rather poorly understood. Here we recorded three types of social calls of male great Himalayan leaf-nosed bats (<em>Hipposideros armiger</em>) across eight colonies in China. Two calls share similar functions and the third has a function distinct from the other two. We examined the patterns and causes of geographical variation of each of these calls. We found that all three calls had significant geographic variation with similar patterns of spatial variation. Only one of the two social calls with similar functions was found to be affected by genetic drift, while the other two calls</span> <span>were not affected by selection and drift, or morphological constraints. Furthermore, we found that bats could discriminate between vocalizations of their own colony and those of an allopatric colony. Overall, these results suggest that acoustic signals with similar functions may be shaped by different driving forces and acoustic signals with different functions may exhibit similar geographical patterns. This study expands our limited knowledge of the patterns of geographical variation of vocalizations emitted at different emotional states and highlights the importance of comparing simultaneously patterns and causes of geographical divergence of vocalizations with similar and different functions.</span></p>
Figure 5 in Three new species of bat-parasitic gamasid mites of the genera Spinturnix, Macronyssus and Steatonyssus (Acari: Mesostigmata: Spinturnicidae, Macronyssidae) from Siberia and Mongolia, with keys to species of Russia and adjacent countries
Figure 5. Spinturnix senkevitchi sp. nov. (female) – Ventral view of gnathosoma. Scale bar 50 µm.
DNA metabarcoding data from faecal samples of the lesser (Myotis blythii) and the greater (Myotis myotis) mouse-eared bats from Bulgaria
<p>A comprehensive understanding of trophic interactions in terrestrial ecosystems is crucial for ecological research and conservation. Recent advances in non-invasive methods, such as DNA metabarcoding, have enabled researchers to collect vast amounts of data on wild animal diets. However, sharing this data and metadata effectively and transparently presents new challenges. To address this, a new type of scholarly journal publication has emerged that aims to describe datasets rather than report research investigations. In this paper, we present a dataset of consumed prey species and parasites based on the metabarcoding of 113 faecal samples from the greater and lesser mouse-eared bats (<em>Myotis myotis</em> and <em>Myotis blythii</em>), along with a detailed description of the data sampling, laboratory analysis, and bioinformatics pipeline. Our dataset comprises 1018 unique Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) from 12 Classes and 43 Orders. In addition, we provide interactive Krona charts to visually summarize the taxonomic relationships and relative read abundance of the consumed prey species and parasites. This data can be used for meta-analysis, exploring new predator-prey and host-parasite interactions, studying inter and intraspecific ecological interactions, and informing protected area management, among other applications. By sharing this dataset, we hope to encourage other researchers to use it to answer additional ecological questions and advance our understanding of trophic interactions in terrestrial ecosystems.</p>
Bats are sentinels for invasive pest surveillance based on DNA metabarcoding
<p><span>Insectivorous bats have been identified as important agents for biological pest control in the agroecosystems and impose strong top-down pressure on pests</span><span> (</span><span>Ramirez-Francel</span><span> et al., 2022)</span><span>.</span><span> Without bats, it is estimated that the United States would spend more than $3 billion a year on pesticides alone</span><span> (</span><span>Boyles</span><span> et al., 2011)</span><span>. </span><span>Thus, b</span><span>ats are expected to be natural pest collectors</span><span> (Kunz, 2011)</span><span>. However, </span><span>it is still unproven assumption that bats can be used to efficiently monitor </span><span>invasi</span><span>ve</span><span> pest</span><span>s</span><span> in agroecosystems.</span> <span>Due to the wide distribution of bats, their high foraging efficiency, large activity range, and because most bats return to the same habitat and cluster in roosts together after foraging, collecting fecal samples is feasible and convenient. In our preliminary experiments, multiple bat species were found to normally consume FAW, which provides an excellent opportunity for verifying the practicability of DNA metabarcoding in monitoring the invasion of this pest.</span></p>
Pan-European database for pathogenic microbial taxa in birds and bats
<p><span>The spatially extensive multidimensional database of the prevalence of pathogenic microbial taxa for humans and wildlife in birds and bats was compiled by systematically reviewing publications for 121 pathogenic taxa. It covered pathogenic taxa mostly at the genus level (species level for most of the viruses), including sampling from ~450,000 host individuals of 376 bird species and 39 bat species. </span></p> <p><span>Data S1</span><span>. </span><span>Taxonomic details of the covered bird and bat species and pathogen prevalence of the most studied pathogenic microbial taxa in these host species. </span></p> <p><span>Data S2</span><span>. </span><span>Taxonomic details and sample sizes of the covered pathogenic microbial taxa.</span></p> <p><span>Data S3</span><span>. </span><span>Pan-European database for pathogenic microbial taxa from systematic review.</span></p> <p><span>Data S4</span><span>.</span><span> Input data for modelling. The filtered dataset follows the protocol </span><span>illu</span><span>strated in "Database quality control" of Methods in the corresponding article.</span></p> <p><span>Because the database includes endangered species that were listed by the IUCN as anything from Threatened or more severe, the geographical coordinates in the datasets were required by the platform to be masked as numbers with a scale of 1. The finer resolution coordinates (with a scale of 4) can be requested by contacting the corresponding author: Yanjie Xu (<a href="mailto:yanjie.xu5@gmail.com">yanjie.xu5@gmail.com</a> or <a href="mailto:yanjie.xu@helsinki.fi">yanjie.xu@helsinki.fi</a>).</span></p> <p><span>The comprehensive methods about the data collection and database quality control are illustrated in the corresponding article.</span></p> <p><span>Xu, Y., Poosakkannu, A., Suominen, K.M., Laine V.N., Lilley T.M., Pulliainen A.T. & Lehikoinen, A. (2023). Continental-scale climatic gradients of pathogenic microbial taxa in birds and bats. Ecography. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.06783</span></p>
Data from: "Multiscale variability in nutrients and secondary metabolites in a bat-dispersed neotropical fruit"
<p>Original data and R code accompanying our paper in <em>Ecology & Evolution</em> by Gelambi M. & Whitehead, S. R. (2023). </p> <p>Ripe fleshy fruits contain not only nutrients but also a diverse array of many secondary metabolites. Nutrients serve as a reward for mutualists, whereas defensive metabolites protect the fruit against pests and predators. The composition of these chemical traits is highly variable, both across different plants and even within repeating structures on the same individual plant. This intraspecific and intraindividual variation has important fitness consequences for both plants and animals, yet patterns of variation and covariation in nutrients and secondary metabolites are not well understood, especially at smaller scales. Here, we investigate the multiscale variation and covariation between nutrients and defensive metabolites in <em>Piper sancti-felicis </em>ripe fruits. Means and variances of sugars, proteins, phenolics, and alkenylphenols vary greatly among plants, and at least 50% of the trait variation occurs at the intraindividual level. Also, we found that proteins, but not sugars, were correlated with phenolics and alkenylphenols at multiple scales, suggesting trait variation in protein content may be more constrained than sugars. Our findings emphasize the importance of examining patterns across scales and provide the groundwork to better understand how complex patterns of variation and covariation in nutrients and defensive metabolites shape ecological interactions surrounding fruits.</p>
Skin temperature data from northern bats (Eptesicus nilssonii) in Norway
<p><span>Strong seasonality at high latitudes represents a major challenge for many endotherms as they must balance survival and reproduction in an environment that varies widely in food availability and temperature. To avoid energetic mismatches caused by limited foraging time and stochastic weather conditions, bats employ the energy-saving state of torpor during summer to save accumulated energy reserves. However, at high latitudes small-bats-in-summer face a particular challenge: as nocturnal foragers they rely on the darkness at night to avoid predators and/or interspecific competition, but live in an environment with short, light summer nights, and even a lack of true night at the northernmost distributions of some bat species. To predict optimal behaviour in relation to latitudinal variation in diurnal cycles, we constructed a stochastic dynamic programming model of bats living at high latitudes. Using a stochastic dynamic programming framework with values that are representative for our study system, we show that individual energetic reserves are a strong driver of daytime use of torpor and night-time foraging behaviour alike, with these linked effects being both temperature and photoperiod dependent. We further used the model to predict survival probabilities at five locations across a latitudinal gradient (60.1</span><span>°</span><span>N to 70.9</span><span>°</span><span>N), finding that combinations of photoperiod and temperature conditions limited population distributions in the model. To verify our model results, we compared predictions for optimal decisions with our own empirical data collected on northern bats (<em>Eptesicus nilssonii</em>) from two latitudes in Norway. The similarities between our predictions and observations provide strong evidence that this model framework incorporates the most important drivers of diurnal decision-making in bat physiology and behaviour. Comparing empirical data and model predictions also revealed that bats facing lighter night conditions further north restrict their mass gain, which strengthens the hypothesis that predation threat is a main driver of bat nocturnality. Our model findings regarding state-dependent decisions in bats should contribute to the understanding of how bats cope with the summer challenges at high latitudes.</span></p>
Open‐source workflow approaches to passive acoustic monitoring of bats
<ol> <li>The affordability, storage, and power capacity of compact modern recording hardware has evolved passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) of animals and soundscapes into a non-invasive, cost-effective tool for research and ecological management and is particularly effective for bats and toothed whales that consistently echolocate. The use of PAM at large scales hinges on effective automated detectors and species classifiers which, combined with distance sampling approaches, have enabled species abundance estimation of toothed whales. But standardized, user-friendly, and open-access automated detection and classification workflows are in demand for this key conservation metric to be realized for bats.</li> <li>We used the PAMGuard toolbox including its new deep learning classification module to test the performance of four open-source workflows for automated analyses of acoustic datasets from bats. Each workflow used a different initial detection algorithm followed by the same deep learning classification algorithm and was evaluated against the performance of an expert manual analyst.</li> <li>Workflow performance depended strongly on the signal-to-noise ratio and detection algorithm used: the full deep learning workflow had the best classification accuracy (≤67%) but was computationally too slow for practical large-scale bat PAM. Workflows using PAMGuard's detection module or triggers onboard an SM4BAT or AudioMoth accurately classified up to 47%, 59% and 34%, respectively, of calls to species. Not all workflows included noise sampling critical to estimating changes in detection probability over time, a vital parameter for abundance estimation. The workflow using PAMGuard's detection module was 40 times faster than the full deep learning workflow and missed as few calls (recall for both ~0.6), thus balancing computational speed and performance. </li> <li>We show that complete acoustic detection and classification workflows for bat PAM data can be efficiently automated using open-source software such as PAMGuard and exemplify how detection choices, whether pre- or post-deployment, hardware or software-driven, affect the performance of deep learning classification and <span>the downstream ecological information that can be extracted from acoustic recordings. In particular, understanding, and quantifying detection/classification accuracy and the probability of detection are key to avoid introducing biases that may ultimately affect the quality of data for ecological management. </span> </li> </ol>
Dataset for "Disentangling mechanisms responsible for wind energy effects on European bats"
<p>Data used in the study "Disentangling mechanisms responsible for wind energy effects on European bats".</p> <p><strong>site </strong>= ID attributed to the studied site ; <strong>ID_Parc</strong> = ID attributed to the studied wind farm ; <strong>night </strong>= date of the sampling ; <strong>SM4 </strong>= ID attributed to the recorder ; <strong>NbWT_1500m</strong> = number of wind turbines in a 1500m buffer ; <strong>Dist_WT</strong> = distance to the nearest wind turbine ; <strong>Dist_water</strong> = distance to the nearest water body or water course ; <strong>Dist_forest</strong> = distance to the nearest forest ; <strong>avg_temp</strong> = average temperature of the night ; <strong>Prev_wind_mod1</strong> = prevailing wind direction of the night ; <strong>count_prev_wind22.5</strong> = number of hours during which the wind direction was close (± 22.5°) to the prevailing wind direction (mode) of the night ; <strong>angle </strong>= angle between the axis wind-turbine - detector and the north direction ; <strong>MES_year</strong> = year of commissioning of the nearest wind turbines ; <strong>Model </strong>= model of the nearest wind turbine ; <strong>Rotor_diameter</strong> = diameter of the rotor of the nearest wind turbine ; <strong>Hub_height</strong> = height of the hub of the nearest wind turbine ; <strong>ID_WT</strong> = ID attributed to the nearest wind turbine</p>
Data from: hibernation telomere dynamics in a shifting climate: insights from wild greater horseshoe bats
<p>Hibernation is linked with various hypotheses to explain the extended lifespan of hibernating mammals compared with their non-hibernating counterparts. Studies on telomeres, markers of ageing and somatic maintenance, suggest telomere shortening slows during hibernation and lengthening may reflect self-maintenance with favourable conditions. Bats in temperate zones adjust body temperatures during winter torpor to conserve energy and exploit mild conditions for foraging. Climate change may impact the hibernation cycle of bats, but more research is needed regarding the role of telomeres in understanding their response to a changing climate. Here relative telomere length (rTL) was measured in the long-lived greater horseshoe bat<em> Rhinolophus ferrumequinum</em> (n = 223 individuals) over three winters, considering climatic conditions. Cross-sectional analyses revealed between-individual variation in rTL with a strong year effect, likely linked to varying weather conditions and foraging success. Additionally, within-individual increases of rTL occurred in 51% of consecutive measurements, with evidence of increasing telomerase expression during hibernation in this species. These findings highlight the beneficial effects of hibernation on telomeres and potential consequences of changing climatic conditions for long-lived temperate bats. Understanding the interplay between hibernation, telomeres, and climate can provide insights into the adaptive capacity and survival of bat populations facing environmental challenges.</p>
Contrasting laboratory and field outcomes of bat–moth interactions
<p>Predator–prey interactions are important but difficult to study in the field. Therefore, laboratory studies are often used to examine the outcomes of predator–prey interactions. Previous laboratory studies have shown that moth hearing and ultrasound production can help prey avoid being eaten by bats. We report here that laboratory behavioral outcomes may not accurately reflect the outcomes of field bat–moth interactions. We tested the success rates of two bat species capturing moths with distinct anti-bat tactics using behavioral experiments. We compared the results with the dietary composition of field bats using next‐generation DNA sequencing. <em>Rhinolophus episcopus </em>and <em>Rhinolophus</em> <em>osgoodi</em> had a lower rate of capture success when hunting for moths that produce anti-bat clicks than for silent eared moths and earless moths. Unexpectedly, the success rates of the bats capturing silent eared moths and earless moths did not differ significantly from each other. However, the field bats had a higher proportion of silent eared moths than that of earless moths and that of clicking moths in their diets. The difference between the proportions of silent eared moths and earless moths in the bat diets can be explained by the difference between their abundance in bat foraging habitats. These findings suggest that moth defensive tactics, bat countertactics, and moth availability collectively shape the diets of insectivorous bats. This study illustrates the importance of using a combination of behavioral experiments and molecular genetic techniques to reveal the complex interactions between predators and prey in nature.</p>
Fig. 4 in DarkCideS 1.0, a global database for bats in karsts and caves
Fig. 4 Biogeographical comparison (mean, 95% CI) of landscape parameters at 1-km resolution.
DLC networks from: Application of a novel deep learning based 3D videography workflow to bat flight data
<p>Studying the detailed biomechanics of flying animals relies on producing accurate three-dimensional coordinates for key anatomical landmarks. Traditionally, this is achieved through manual digitization of animal videos, a labor-intensive task that grows more so with increasing frame rates and numbers of cameras. In this study, we present a workflow that combines deep learning-powered automatic digitization with intelligent filtering and correction of mislabeled points using 3D information. We tested our workflow using a particularly challenging scenario – bat flight. First, we documented bats flying steadily in a wind tunnel. We compared the results from manually digitizing bats with markers applied to anatomical landmarks against using our automatic workflow on the same bats without markers. In our second test case, we compared manual digitization against our automated workflow for bats exhibiting complex maneuvers in a large flight arena. We found that the variation between the 3D coordinates from our workflow and those from manual digitization was less than a millimeter larger than the variation between 3D coordinates resulting from two different human digitizers. The reduced reliance on manual digitization stemming from this work has the potential to significantly increase the scalability of studies into the detailed biomechanics of animal flight.</p>
Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study (BATS) Pigment Data
<p>This dataset is published on Zenodo by the Simons CMAP curators for long-term care. All credits go to the data producers at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS): https://bats.bios.asu.edu/bats-data/ </p><p>The BATS (Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study) Pigment dataset is time-series spanning from 1988 to 2022. The dataset contains the 21 separate in-situ pigment measurements along with sampling depth and the BATS Cruise ID.</p><p>This description has been reproduced using https://www.dropbox.com/s/8kk760972lpj5sa/bats_pigments.txt?dl=0</p>
A Study of Ruxolitinib vs Best Available Therapy (BAT) in Patients With Steroid-refractory Chronic Graft vs. Host Disease (GvHD) After Bone Marrow Transplantation (REACH3)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03112603. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 31. Publications: 5.
The Baby Act Trial (BAT): a Multimodal Lifestyle Intervention
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03517891. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
BATS With in Combination With Low Dose IL-1 and GM-CSF for Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02620865. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.