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opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Natural history specimens collected and/or identified and deposited.

Natural history specimen data collected and/or identified by Paul Henri Auquier, <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6067191">http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6067191</a>. Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia, <a href="http://bionomia.net">https://bionomia.net</a> using specimen data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org">https://gbif.org</a>.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Natural history specimens collected and/or identified and deposited.

Natural history specimen data collected and/or identified by Francis Rawdon Chesney, <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q708134">http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q708134</a>. Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia, <a href="http://bionomia.net">https://bionomia.net</a> using specimen data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org">https://gbif.org</a>.

dryad40/100

Cross-species analysis identifies mitochondrial dysregulation as a functional consequence of the schizophrenia-associated 3q29 deletion

<p>The 1.6Mb deletion at chromosome 3q29 (3q29Del) is the strongest identified genetic risk factor for schizophrenia, but the effects of this variant on neurodevelopment are not well understood. We interrogated the developing neural transcriptome in two experimental model systems with complementary advantages: isogenic human cortical organoids and isocortex from the 3q29Del mouse model. We profiled transcriptomes from isogenic cortical organoids that were aged for 2 months and 12 months, as well as perinatal mouse isocortex, all at single-cell resolution. Systematic pathway analysis implicated dysregulation of mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. These molecular signatures were supported by analysis of oxidative phosphorylation protein complex expression in mouse brains and assays of mitochondrial function in engineered cell lines. Together these data indicate that metabolic disruption is associated with 3q29Del and is conserved across species.</p>

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

Dataset for: Methodology to identify and quantify flight path dependent bird strike scenarios over aircraft

<h1>ScenarioGenerator</h1> <h2>Description</h2> <p>This project is a Python project containing a demonstrations of the methodology developed by J. Bertholdt. <br>The code takes stl files and flight path data in order to create bird strike impact scenarios for each cell. <br>With this data it is possible to approximate the impact intensity and create heat maps over the geometry.</p> <h2>Features</h2> <p>- Data processing: The code creates scenarios (impact vector, angle, velocity and bird data) for hit areas and estimates peak pressure and total impulse.   <br>- Data saving: The code saves the data in forms of csv files.<br>- Data reader: The code can read the csv files and recreate the processed data and mesh.<br>- Data visualization: The code contains examples for data filtering and plotting. </p> <h2>Installation</h2> <p>1. Download Code<br>2. Adjust directories in data_reader_demo.py and stl_processing_demo.<br>3. Create a virtual environment:</p> <h3>Required packages:</h3> <p>- numpy<br>- birdpressure<br>- matplotlib<br>- pyvista</p>

Fig. 7 in Evaluating the utility of linear measurements to identify isolated tooth loci of extinct Hyracoidea

Fig. 7. Simulated and observed values of Borges et al.'s (Borges et al. 2019) δ values for simulated trait distributions on the tree in Fig. 1 for sets of traits (A, m1: m2 length; B, M1: M2 length; C, M2: M3 length) that show phylogenetic signal (red triangles) and phylogenetic retention (gray circles).

Fig. 2 in Evaluating the utility of linear measurements to identify isolated tooth loci of extinct Hyracoidea

Fig. 2. Illustration of measurements taken on lower (m1–m3, A–C) and upper (M1–M3, D–F) teeth in occlusal views to calculate potentially diagnostic traits. Measurements are illustrated on specimen UMZC H5101A, Procavia capensis. Abbreviations: LE, length; MW, width of the crown at metaloph; PW width of the crown at paraloph.

Fig. 6 in Evaluating the utility of linear measurements to identify isolated tooth loci of extinct Hyracoidea

Fig. 6. Overlap in potentially diagnostic trait values for upper molar loci of three example hyracoid taxa (A1, B1, Procavia capensis; A2, B2, Saghatherium bowni; A3, B3, Thyrohyrax meyeri). A. Length vs. proportional frequency, showing how a single trait, length, would be modeled in a univariate discriminant analysis using observed means and variances. Colored sections of the distributions show length values that are within 95% confidence intervals of the means of more than one tooth locus, indicating regions of ambiguous lengths. B. Length vs. relative width, showing scatter plots overlaid on 2D density diagrams showing the distribution of values for individual teeth.

Fig. 8 in Evaluating the utility of linear measurements to identify isolated tooth loci of extinct Hyracoidea

Fig. 8. Overlap in potentially diagnostic trait values for a case study of isolated molars of Meroehyrax kyongoi. In contrast to Fig. 4, molar locus identifications are based on occupation of space in this scatterplot. Question marks are overlaid over two specimens whose inferred tooth position conflicts with published diagnoses. In parentheses original identification in publication.

Fig. 1 in Evaluating the utility of linear measurements to identify isolated tooth loci of extinct Hyracoidea

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree and tooth size distribution in hyracoids (topology from Cooper et al. 2014). Taxa are time-scaled along the x-axis of the tree to reflect fossil occurrences based on the literature, with branches rescaled between these tip dates and a root age estimated at 70.1 million years. Taxa in bold text were included in analyses. Minimum monophyletic clade including taxa in bold indicates the range of the phylogenetic bracket applied for both length and width measures (base of clade indicated by black star). Minimum monophyletic clade for length measures from the literature is indicated by a white star at the base of the clade. Shapes to the right of tips indicate whether there is a significant fit with a model of ascending (increasing) tooth size down the molar row. Abbreviations: M, upper molars; m, lower molars.

Fig. 3 in Evaluating the utility of linear measurements to identify isolated tooth loci of extinct Hyracoidea

Fig. 3. Distribution of values for a set of univariate, potentially locus-diagnostic traits (A, length vs. m1 length; B, trigonid width vs. talonic width) described in Fig. 2 in lower molars of a range of hyracoid species.

Fig. 5 in Evaluating the utility of linear measurements to identify isolated tooth loci of extinct Hyracoidea

Fig. 5. Distribution of values for a set of univariate, potentially locus-diagnostic traits (A, length vs. M1 length; B, paraloph vs. metaloph; C, metaloph vs. length; D, paraloph vs. length) described in Fig. 2 in upper molars of a range of hyracoid species.

Fig. 4 in Evaluating the utility of linear measurements to identify isolated tooth loci of extinct Hyracoidea

Fig. 4. Overlap in potentially diagnostic trait values for lower molar loci of three example hyracoid taxa (A1, B1, Procavia capensis; A2, B2, Saghatherium bowni; A3, B3, Thyrohyrax domorictus). A. Length vs. proportional frequency, showing how a single trait, length, would be modeled in a univariate discriminant analysis using observed means and variances. Colored sections of the distributions show length values that are within 95% confidence intervals of the means of more than one tooth locus, indicating regions of ambiguous lengths. B. Length vs. relative width, showing scatter plots overlaid on 2D density diagrams showing the distribution of values for individual teeth.

Fig. 5 in Identifying the oldest larva of a myrmeleontiformian lacewing-a morphometric approach

Fig. 5. Parallel coordinates plot for larvae of Ascalaphidae (owl flies), Chrysopidae (green lacewings), and Crocinae (thread-winged lacewings). White line represents MfN MB.I 2157.

Fig. 7 in Identifying the oldest larva of a myrmeleontiformian lacewing-a morphometric approach

Fig. 7. Parallel coordinates plot for larvae of Nymphidae (split-footed lacewings), Osmylidae (lance lacewings), and Psychopsidae (silky lacewings). White line represents MfN MB.I 2157.

Fig. 8 in Identifying the oldest larva of a myrmeleontiformian lacewing-a morphometric approach

Fig. 8. Examples of extant and fossil myrmeleontiformian larvae. A. Extant Myrmeleontidae (ZMH 62891), note set off anterior trunk. B. Extant Ascalaphidae (ZMH 62880), note very round trunk. C. Drawing of MfN MB.I 2157 from Crato Formation, Aptian, Lower Cretaceous, Brazil. D. Extant Myrmeleontidae (ZSM unnumbered), note very round trunk. E. Close-up on extant myrmeleontiformian larva (ZSM unnumbered) with two prominent teeth and one very tiny tooth. F. Drawing of unnumbered specimen from Crato Formation, Aptian, Lower Cretaceous, Brazil, simplified from Rumbucher 1995. G. Larva with two prominent teeth, Burmese amber, Cenomanian, Upper Cretaceous, Myanmar (formerly collection Jörg Wunderlich under F3199_ BU_CJW, deposited in the Palaeo-Evo-Devo Research Group Collection of Arthropods, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany). Overview image (G1), close-up on stylet region (G2).

Fig. 6 in Identifying the oldest larva of a myrmeleontiformian lacewing-a morphometric approach

Fig. 6. Parallel coordinates plot for larvae of Hemerobiidae (brown lacewings), Myrmeleontidae (antlions), and Nemopterinae (spoon-winged lacewings). White line represents MfN MB.I 2157.

Fig. 4 in Identifying the oldest larva of a myrmeleontiformian lacewing-a morphometric approach

Fig. 4. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot of measured dimensions. NMDS 1 and 2 are dimensions arbitrarily generated by the model in a way to best represent pairwise dissimilarity between objects (data points). On the right is a simplified restoration of MfN MB.I 2157.

Fig. 2 in Identifying the oldest larva of a myrmeleontiformian lacewing-a morphometric approach

Fig. 2. Myrmeleontiformian lacewing larva (MfN MB.I 2157) from the Crato Formation, Aptian, Lower Cretaceous, Brazil. Photograph in normal light (A1), colour-marked version (A2, matrix digitally amended), stereo-image (A3), please use red-cyan glasses to view. Abbreviations: a1–a8, abdomen segment 1–8; t1–t3, thorax segment 1–3.

Fig. 3 in Identifying the oldest larva of a myrmeleontiformian lacewing-a morphometric approach

Fig. 3. Myrmeleontiformian lacewing larva (MfN MB.I 2157) from the Crato Formation, Aptian, Lower Cretaceous, Brazil. A. Head, close-up photograph in normal light (A1), colour-marked details of mouth parts (A2), arrows point to presumed remains of broken-off teeth, mouth parts stereo-image (A3), please use red-cyan glasses to view. B–D. Different areas of head capsules with tuberculate surface, positions indicated in A1. Photographs in normal light B1–D1), colour-marked versions (B2–D2), tubercles marked in blue.

Fig. 1 in Identifying the oldest larva of a myrmeleontiformian lacewing-a morphometric approach

Fig. 1. Dimensions measured on the specimens. A. Example of an actual specimen (simplified from Monserrat 2008) to illustrate which dimensions were measured, resulting in a "net". B. The naked "net". Abbreviations: m1, mandible length including the curved shape; m2, mandible length in straight line; m3, head length; m4, head width; m5, "neck" width (located behind the end of the head); m6, widest point of the abdomen; m7, "neck" length (distance between the end of head and the fore legs); m8, distance between the fore pair of legs and the hind pair of legs; m9, total body length (head without mandible + thorax + abdomen); m10, distance between widest point of the abdomen and hind part of the abdomen.