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Fig. 3. Equid Hipparion macedonicum Koufos, 1984 in Hipparion macedonicum revisited: New data on evolution of hipparionine horses from the Late Miocene of Greece

Fig. 3. Equid Hipparion macedonicum Koufos, 1984 from Ravin de la Pluie, Axios Valley (Macedonia, Greece), late Vallesian, MN 10 (Late Miocene). A. Holotype LGPUT RPl-21, mandible in right lateral (A1) and occlusal (A2) views. B. LGPUT RPl-286, mandible in right lateral (B1) and occlusal (B2) views. C. LGPUT RPl-125, mandible in left lateral (C1) and occlusal (C2) views.

Fig. 14 in Hipparion macedonicum revisited: New data on evolution of hipparionine horses from the Late Miocene of Greece

Fig. 14. Habitat scores for the third metacarpals (A) and metatarsals (B) of Hipparion macedonicum from the various Greek localities; the habitat scores are calculated following Scott (2004). Dots indicate outliers and asterisks single specimens.

Fig. 2. Equid Hipparion macedonicum Koufos, 1984 in Hipparion macedonicum revisited: New data on evolution of hipparionine horses from the Late Miocene of Greece

Fig. 2. Equid Hipparion macedonicum Koufos, 1984 from Ravin de la Pluie, Axios Valley (Macedonia, Greece), late Vallesian, MN 10 (Late Miocene). A. LGPUT RPl-142, right frontal part of skull in lateral (A1) and occlusal (A2) views, right tooth row in occlusal view (A3). B. LGPUT RPl-37, left tooth row in occlusal view.

Fig. 13 in Hipparion macedonicum revisited: New data on evolution of hipparionine horses from the Late Miocene of Greece

Fig. 13. Slenderness and Keel indexes for the third metacarpal (A, B) and metatarsal (C, D) of Hipparion macedonicum from the various Greek localities. Dots indicate outliers.

Fig. 6. Platypterygiine ophthalmosaurid Platypterygius hercynicus Kuhn, 1946 in New data on the ichthyosaur Platypterygius hercynicus and its implications for the validity of the genus

Fig. 6. Platypterygiine ophthalmosaurid Platypterygius hercynicus Kuhn, 1946, SMSS "SGS", holotype, from the late Aptian of Salzgitter, Germany. Skull roof of the type−specimen in dorsal view. A. Photograph. B. Interpretative drawing by Kolb and Sander (2009). C. Reinterpretation based on the nasal morphology of MHNH 2010.4 and on a cast of SMSS "SGS". As in MHNH 2010.4 (see Fig. 2), the nasal is markedly elongated anteriorly and wide posteriorly, overlapping the postfrontal extensively. The nasal is coloured grey. The foramen situated at the nasal−frontal suture is interpreted as the internasal foramen, and the holotype lacks the parietal foramen and most of the frontal. Illustrations borrowed from Kolb and Sander (2009) and used with the permission of both authors.

Fig. 5. Platypterygiine ophthalmosaurid Platypterygius hercynicus Kuhn, 1946, MHNH 2010.4 in New data on the ichthyosaur Platypterygius hercynicus and its implications for the validity of the genus

Fig. 5. Platypterygiine ophthalmosaurid Platypterygius hercynicus Kuhn, 1946, MHNH 2010.4, from the late Albian of Saint−Jouin−Bruneval, France. Left quadratojugal in medial (A) and lateral (B) views. Photographs (A1, B1), explantatory drawings (A2, B2). The quadratojugal possess an extensive lateral facet for the missing postorbital and squamosal, and a large processus quadratus.

Fig. 3. Platypterygiine ophthalmosaurid Platypterygius hercynicus Kuhn, 1946, MHNH 2010.4 in New data on the ichthyosaur Platypterygius hercynicus and its implications for the validity of the genus

Fig. 3. Platypterygiine ophthalmosaurid Platypterygius hercynicus Kuhn, 1946, MHNH 2010.4, from the late Albian of Saint−Jouin−Bruneval, France. Detail of the orbital and narial regions. A. Photograph. B. Explanatory drawing. The lacrimal is broken in two and participates to the posterior and ventral borders of the bony naris aperture. The nasal is expanded posterolaterally, as in SMSS "SGS". A possible septomaxilla is present inside the naris, but its identification remains tentative. All bones are from the right side of the skull, except when stated otherwise by a (L).

Fig. 2. Ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur Platypterygius hercynicus Kuhn, 1946, MHNH 2010.4 in New data on the ichthyosaur Platypterygius hercynicus and its implications for the validity of the genus

Fig. 2. Ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur Platypterygius hercynicus Kuhn, 1946, MHNH 2010.4, from the late Albian of Saint−Jouin−Bruneval, France. Skull roof anatomy. A. Photograph. B. Explanatory drawing. The bones found in connection are coloured in pale grey and the bone placed manually at their supposed position are coloured in dark grey. C. Reconstruction. This reconstruction is designed to provide an overview of the skull roof of MNHN 2010.4; please refer to the description and the other figures for anatomical comparison or character state scoring in phylogenetic analysis. The anterior ramus of the nasal is developed, forming the dorsomedial part of the rostrum over a very long distance. The nasal is also developed posterolaterally, overlapping the postfrontal extensively. The frontal participates to three cranial openings: the internasal foramen anteriorly, the pineal foramen posteromedially, and the supratemporal fenestra posterolaterally.

Fig. 4. Platypterygiine ophthalmosaurid Platypterygius hercynicus Kuhn, 1946, MHNH 2010.4 in New data on the ichthyosaur Platypterygius hercynicus and its implications for the validity of the genus

Fig. 4. Platypterygiine ophthalmosaurid Platypterygius hercynicus Kuhn, 1946, MHNH 2010.4, from the late Albian of Saint−Jouin−Bruneval, France. Detail of the fronto−parietal region. A. Photograph. B. Explanatory drawing. The frontal forms a thickened posteromedial process that fully encloses the parietal foramen and separates it from the parietal.

Fig. 11 in A unique late Eocene coleoid cephalopod Mississaepia from Mississippi, USA: New data on cuttlebone structure, and their phylogenetic implications

Fig. 11. Cuttlebone of sepioid cephalopod Mississaepia mississippiensis Weaver, Dockery III, and Ciampaglio, 2010; late Eocene, Mississippi, USA (A–C) and contemporary Sepia (D). A. MGS 1956. B. MGS 1956. C. MGS 1956. D. NRM−PZ Mo. 180818. Photographs (A1−D1); EDS data on chemical composition shows presence of: A2, high content of nitrogen indicating organic ingredient in silicified tissue preserved along contact between conotheca and septum; B2, nitrogen indicating organic ingredient of phosphatised sheet within the dorsal shield; C2, D2, nitrogen indicating organic ingredient of dorsal shield.

Fig. 10 in A unique late Eocene coleoid cephalopod Mississaepia from Mississippi, USA: New data on cuttlebone structure, and their phylogenetic implications

Fig. 10. Sepioid cephalopod Mississaepia mississippiensis Weaver, Dockery III, and Ciampaglio, 2010 (MGS 1963); late Eocene, Mississippi, USA. Mural part of septum lining a chamber (A), adoral surface of peripheral portion of septum (B), photographs (A1, B1); EDS data to show chemical composition (A2, B2); in both cases nitrogen indicates organic ingredient and phosphorus indicates diagenetic phosphatization of apparently originally organic material.

Fig. 4 in A unique late Eocene coleoid cephalopod Mississaepia from Mississippi, USA: New data on cuttlebone structure, and their phylogenetic implications

Fig. 4. Sepioid cephalopod Mississaepia mississippiensis Weaver, Dockery III, and Ciampaglio, 2010 (MGS 1945); late Eocene, Mississippi, USA. Inner surface of the phragmocone exposing a small fragment of brownish transparent septum preserved. Abbreviatons: lwph, lateral wall of the phragmocone; mlad, median line indicating apertural direction; mlpd, median line indicating posterior direction; mpls, mural part of last septum; rr, ribby relief; sr, septal ridge; trs, transparent fragmentary septum; vsdsh, ventral side of dorsal shield.

Fig. 3 in A unique late Eocene coleoid cephalopod Mississaepia from Mississippi, USA: New data on cuttlebone structure, and their phylogenetic implications

Fig. 3. Sepioid cephalopod Mississaepia mississippiensis Weaver, Dockery III, and Ciampaglio, 2010 (MGS 1948); late Eocene, Mississippi, USA. Median cuttlebone section to show loosely mineralized dorsal shield (bottom), small cup−like protoconch covered by thin layer of the dorsal shield (on the left) and curved hollow phragmocone exhibiting two long chambers and next short chambers; to the right from the last preserved (eighth?) septum inner surface of phragmocone is transversely ribbed. Abbreviations: dsh dorsal shield; p, protoconch; rr, ribbed relief of the inner surface of the phragmocone; 1s, 2s, 3s, 8s, first, second, third, eighth septa.

Fig. 2 in A unique late Eocene coleoid cephalopod Mississaepia from Mississippi, USA: New data on cuttlebone structure, and their phylogenetic implications

Fig. 2. Sketch map showing the location of the Yazoo Clay, the Miss Lite Clay Pit in the northwest corner of the town of Jackson and the Moodys Branch Formation, Town Creek locality south of Jackson in Hinds County, Mississippi, USA.

Fig. 1 in A unique late Eocene coleoid cephalopod Mississaepia from Mississippi, USA: New data on cuttlebone structure, and their phylogenetic implications

Fig. 1. Cuttlebone of Late Eocene sepioid cephalopod Mississaepia mississippiensis Weaver, Dockery III, and Ciampaglio, 2010 from Mississippi, USA with a missing anterior−most part (MGS 1945), in left lateral (A) and ventral (B) views. Abbreviations: dsh, dorsal shield; lwph, lateral wall of the phragmocone; phr, phragmocone; vg, ventral groove of spine; vp, ventral plate.

Fig. 3 in New data on cranial anatomy of the ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus major

Fig. 3. Ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus major Sereno, Zhao, Brown, and Tan, 2007, new cranial specimen CAGS−IG−VD−004 from the Early Cretaceous Lujiatun Bed of Yixian Formation near Beipiao City, Liaoning Province, China, in palatal view (A) (with arrows indicating the neurovascular openings in the secondary palate formed by the rostral−premaxilla−maxilla complex), and right lateral and ventral view (B) of the caudodorsal portion of the skull, showing the internal (ventral) surface of the frontal and the quadrate cotyla of the squamosal. Photographs (A1, B1) and interpretive outlines (A2, B2).

Fig. 6 in New data on cranial anatomy of the ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus major

Fig. 6. The most parsimonious tree (length 58, consistency index 0.534, retention index 0.603) of Psittacosaurus obtained using the implicit enumeration option of the T.N.T. software (Goloboff et al. 2007). The data matrix of Averianov et al. (2006) was supplemented by coding 31 characters for Psittacosaurus major and P. lujiatunensis (see Appendix 1). P. xinjiangensis and Psittacosaurus specimen L0001 from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning (Xu and Wang 1998) were excluded due to large amount of missing data. Nodes are supported by the following unambiguous synapomorphies (in parenthesis are character numbers from Averianov et al.'s (2006) matrix). Node A: preorbital segment less than 40% of skull length (1), nasal extends ventrally beyond the external naris (5), ventral border of external naris is dorsal to the maxillary dorsal end (6), premaxillary teeth absent (8), and premaxillalacrimal contact present (9). Node B: lateral surface of the mandible straight (21). Node C: skull profile rounded (2). Node D: no synapomorphies. Node E: ventral margin of premaxilla−maxilla contact incised (11) and external mandibular fenestra present (20). Node F: "maxillary process" of maxilla present (14) and primary ridge on maxillary teeth caudoventrally angled (25). Node G: skull width exceeds skull length (3), premaxilla contacts jugal caudally (10), ventral postorbital horn present (15), rostral ramus of squamosal extends as far as to rostral wall of the supratemporal fenestra (17), quadrate shaft strongly arched in lateral view with caudal margin deeply excavated (19), and primary ridge on maxillary teeth weakly developed or absent (24). Node H: "maxillary process" of maxilla present (14) and denticles number on maxillary teeth equal to or more than 14 (26).

Fig. 2 in New data on cranial anatomy of the ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus major

Fig. 2. Ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus major Sereno, Zhao, Brown, and Tan, 2007, new cranial specimen CAGS−IG−VD−004 from the Early Cretaceous Lujiatun Bed of Yixian Formation near Beipiao City, Liaoning Province, China, in right lateral (A), rostral (B), and caudal (C) views. Photographs (A1, B1, C1) and interpretive outlines (A2, B2, C2).

Fig. 5 in New data on cranial anatomy of the ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus major

Fig. 5. Ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus major Sereno, Zhao, Brown, and Tan, 2007, new cranial specimen CAGS−IG−VD−004 from the Early Cretaceous Lujiatun Bed of Yixian Formation near Beipiao City, Liaoning Province, China. A. Right maxillary tooth row in labial view. B. Right dentary tooth row in lingual view.

Fig. 4 in New data on cranial anatomy of the ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus major

Fig. 4. Ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus major Sereno, Zhao, Brown, and Tan, 2007, new cranial specimen CAGS−IG−VD−004 from the Early Cretaceous Lujiatun Bed of Yixian Formation near Beipiao City, Liaoning Province, China. Left mandible in lateral (A), medial (B), dorsal (C), and rostral (D) views (A1, B1, C, and D are photographs and A2 and B2 are interpretive outlines).