Find research datasets worth reusing

urban impervious surface area (UISA) data in Shanghai in 2015 and 2018

This data cite from Kuang, W., Zhang, S., Li, X., and Lu, D. (2000–2018). A 30 M Resolution Dataset of China’s Urban Impervious Surface Area and green Space, 2000-2018. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 13, 63–82. doi:10.5194/essd-13-63-2021

Resilience indicators used in the multidimensional characterization of the resilience of urban areas prone to flash floods in the region of Castilla y León (Spain)

Database containing resilience indicators used in the characterization of all dimensions of resilience (social, economic, ecosystemic, physical, institutional and cultural) in those municipalities susceptible to flash floods in the region of Castilla y León (Spain). The database includes a total of 191 resilience indicators, of which 48 correspond to social resilience, 32 to economic resilience, 34 to ecosystem resilience, 44 to physical resilience, 27 to institutional resilience and 6 to cultural resilience. The Excel (.xlsx) file is organized by dimensions, where the prefix "SOC_" corresponds to the social dimension, "ECON_" to the economic dimension, "ECOS_" to the ecosystemic dimension, "PHY_" to the physical dimension, "INS_" to the institutional dimension and "CUL_" to the cultural dimension. Each dimension of resilience occupies two tabs: the first tab (suffixes "_data") contains the description of the indicators included (i.e., indicator code, unit of measurement, year of information, source of information, direct link to the information and bibliographic references that support the consideration of the different indicators); while the second tab (suffixes "_variables") contains the values of the different indicators (identified by their codes, which appear in the first tab) for each unit of analysis.

StreetScouting dataset: A Street-Level Image dataset for finetuning and applying custom object detectors for urban feature selection

The dataset consists of two .zip files. The first .zip file named "annotated dataset" contains a folder named “annotated dataset" with annotated street images. It consists of the folder “images” that has 763 image files. The image format is PNG. 432 images have dimensions of 1080 x 2160 and 331 have dimensions of 866 x 2400. The filenames are random uuids. The “annotated dataset” folder also contains the annotations in the file “coco_annotations.json”. Annotations are provided in COCO format. Table 1 shows the total number of annotated objects per class. <table align="center" summary="Total number of annotated objects per class"> <caption>Table 1. Total number of annotated objects per class</caption> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Class</th> <th scope="col">Annotated Objects</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Tree</td> <td>1922</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Waste Bin</td> <td>223</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Recycling Bin</td> <td>181</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Lighting Pole</td> <td>716</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Shop Storefront</td> <td>628</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> The second .zip file is named "routes" and contains a folder named “routes” with consecutive frames of four different driving routes in the city of Thessaloniki and their corresponding GPS signal. So the folder “routes” contains 4 folders in the following format “VID_<YYYYMMDD>_<HHmmSS>” where Y denotes digits for year, M denotes digits for month, D denotes digits for day, H denotes digits for hour, m denotes digits for minutes and S denotes digits for seconds. Not the filename represents the start of the collection sequence. All street data was collected in 2022. Each route folder has the “images” folder which contains the consecutive street image data. Image data in this folder is in JPEG format. Each filename in ‘images’ has the frame_<id>.jpg format where id denotes the order of the frame. Table 2 shows more details regarding the number of frames and frame dimension of the driving routes. <table align="center" summary="Total number of annotated objects per class"> <caption>Table 2. Total number frames and frame dimensions for each of the routes</caption> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Route Name</th> <th scope="col">Frames Number</th> <th scope="col">Frame Dimension</th> <th scope="col">Route duration</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>VID_20220617_111456</td> <td>41,650</td> <td>1080 x 2160</td> <td>1h, 9m, 26s</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VID_20220210_112926</td> <td>23.035</td> <td>866 x 2400</td> <td>38m, 26s</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VID_20220209_114831</td> <td>18.000</td> <td>1080 x 2160</td> <td>30m, 3s</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VID_20220209_123323</td> <td>18.273</td> <td>1080 x 2160</td> <td>30m, 30s</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Each route folder contains a “gps.json” file which contains latitude and longitude information for each frame. This file is essentially a JSON list of objects that each object contains the “frame_name” attribute and the corresponding “coordinates” object which contains the “latitude” and "longitude" attributes.

Time Series Analysis of a Daytime Urban Heat Island in Dar es Salaam Metropolitan Areas.

The study aimed to determine the existing linear influence levels of various causative factors of Urban Heat Island (UHI) by using Geographically Weighted Regression Model (GWR) that determines non-stationarity by generating a new equation for each sample size. Urban heat island occurs when higher temperatures reside in urban areas compared to surrounding areas due to the replacement of natural vegetation with construction materials during development purposes. Time Series with Linear Regression was used to determine the linearity between dependent and independent variables. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products such as MOD11A1, MCD43A1, MOD09A1 and MOD13A1 were used to acquire Land Surface Temperature (LST), Albedo, Indexed-Based Built-Up Index (IBI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) respectively. In-situ datasets of the wind speed were acquired from Tanzania Meteorological Agency (TMA). UHI was observed to have a non-linear trend with IBI and wind speed and a linear trend with Albedo and EVI. The strongest values of UHI were observed at the city center, IBI was observed as a leading causative factor by having a non-lineality influence of 0.023 followed by Albedo, wind speed and EVI with an influence of 0.019, 0.016 and -0.015 respectively. Since IBI and Albedo contribute more to the development of heat island, urban residents should be encouraged to use construction materials with a lower absorption rate of solar energy.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Early Childhood Development of Communicative Competence in Two Urban African Contexts

The study assessed the communicative competencies of 2-3 year-old children, and parental perceptions of influences on their child’s development, in two contrasting neighbourhoods of Zambia’s multilingual capital city, Lusaka: a low-income, high density neighbourhood, and a more affluent low-density area. An adapted version of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory was administered individually to each parent. Parents then participated in semi-structured focus group discussions. Parental reports revealed a bilingual or plurilingual lexical repertoire in these young children, with fluid intermingling between English and indigenous Bantu languages, notably ciNyanja, the city’s lingua franca. Alternative methods of scoring the inventory showed that children of affluent families knew more English words, while children of low-income families knew more Bantu language words. The two groups were equal on an overall score that included words known in any language. Recent changes in national educational policy prioritise local language instruction over English. The two groups of parents expressed different attitudes towards this policy, reflecting cultural values and child socialisation practices. Young children in the high-density area were encouraged to play more freely with neighborhood peers. We recommend greater acceptance of linguistic fluidity by early education instructors as a powerful cognitive resource for the growth of communicative competence.

Vehkaoja etal Infrastructure influences urban smooth newts

Dataset contains information on smooth newts in metropolitan Helsinki, Finland. The file also contains land use information obtained through GIS analysis.

A preliminary comparison of a songbird's song repertoire size and other song measures between an urban and a rural site

Characteristics of birdsong, especially minimum frequency, have been shown to vary for some species between urban and rural populations and along urban-rural gradients. However, few urban-rural comparisons of song complexity—and none that we know of based on the number of distinct song types in repertoires—have occurred. Given the potential ability of song repertoire size to indicate bird condition, we primarily sought to determine if number of distinct song types displayed by Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) varied between an urban and a rural site. We determined song repertoire size of 24 individuals; 12 were at an urban ('human-dominated') site and 12 were at a rural ('agricultural') site. Then, we compared song repertoire size, note rate, and peak frequency between these sites. Song repertoire size and note rate did not vary between our human-dominated and agricultural sites. Peak frequency was greater at the agricultural site. Our finding that peak frequency was higher at the agricultural site compared to the human-dominated site, contrary to many previous findings pertaining to frequency shifts in songbirds, warrants further investigation. Results of our pilot study suggest that song complexity may be less affected by anthropogenic factors in Song Sparrows than are frequency characteristics. <a name="_Hlk80603521">Additional study, however, will be required to identify particular causal factors related to the trends that we report and to replicate, ideally via multiple urban-rural pairings, so that broader generalization is possible. </a>

Urbanization can accelerate climate change by increasing soil N2O emission while reducing CH4 uptake

Urban land use change has the potential to affect local to global biogeochemical carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. We conducted a meta-analysis to 1) assess the effects of urbanization-induced land-use conversion on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes, 2) quantify direct N2O emission factors (EFd) of fertilized urban soils used e.g., as lawns or forests, and 3) identify the key drivers leading to flux changes associated with urbanization. On average, urbanization increases soil N2O emissions by 153%, to 3.0 kg N ha-1 yr-1, while rates of soil CH4 uptake are reduced by 50%, to 2.0 kg C ha-1 yr-1. The mean annual N2O EFd of fertilized lawns and urban forests is 1.4%, suggesting that urban soils can be regional hotspots of N2O emissions. On a global basis, conversion of land to urban greenspaces has increased soil N2O emission by 0.46 Tg N2O-N yr-1 and decreased soil CH4 uptake by 0.58 Tg CH4-C yr-1. Urbanization-driven changes in soil N2O emission and CH4 uptake are associated with changes in soil properties (bulk density, pH, total N content and C/N ratio), increased temperature, and management practices, especially fertilizer use. Overall, our meta-analysis shows that urbanization increases soil N2O emissions and reduces the role of soils as a sink for atmospheric CH4. These effects can be mitigated by avoiding soil compaction, reducing fertilization of lawns, and restoring native ecosystems in urban landscapes.

Data from: Plant–moth community relationships at the degraded urban peat-bog in Central Europe

Peatlands have their own, specific insect fauna. They are a habitat not only for ubiquistic but also stenotopic moths that feed on plants limited to wet, acid and oligotrophic habitats. In the past, raised bogs and fens were widely distributed in Europe. This has changed since 20th c. Due to irrigation, modern forestry and increasing human settlement, peatlands have become isolated islands in agricultural and urban landscape. Here we analyse the flora in a degraded bog situated in a large Lodz city agglomeration in Poland in relation to the diversity and composition of moth fauna. Over the last 40 years since the bog has been protected as a nature reserve, birch, willow and alder shrubs replaced the typical raised bog plant communities due to the decreased water level. The analysis of moth communities sampled in 2012 and 2013 indicates dominance of ubiquistic taxa associated with deciduous wetland forests and rushes. Tyrphobiotic and tyrphophile moth taxa were not recorded. We conclude that the absence of moths typical of bog habitats and the dominance of common, woodland species are associated with hydrological changes, the expansion of trees and brushes over typical bog plant communities and light pollution.

Surface hourly measurement data of O3, NO2 and PM2.5 for "Large modeling uncertainty in projecting decadal surface ozone changes over urban and industrial regions of China"

Surface hourly measurement data of O3, NO2 and PM2.5 during summer of 2017. In the .csv files, the first column contains the ID for each measurement site. "lon", "lat" are longitude and latitude, respectively. Date format is "YYYYMMDD_hour".

Data used in "Morphosedimentary Response of an Urban Beach System to Interannual Variability in Shorefast Ice Dynamics"

This dataset includes digital surface models (DSM) and orthomosaics of Tibbits Cove beach located along the St. Lawrence Fluvial Estuary (Québec, Canada). Surveys were conducted using a UAV before, during and after the 2021 and 2022 winter season. It also includes videos acquired with fixed cameras for these periods. For questions, please contact jean-francois.bernier@ggr.ulaval.ca.

Data from: Dim light pollution prevents diapause induction in urban and rural moths

1. Light pollution is increasingly affecting biodiversity and may also disrupt seasonal adaptations. Even dim artificial light, such as skyglow—which can spread far beyond urban areas—can interfere with using photoperiod as a seasonal cue. 2. Here, we test how light pollution impacts diapause induction and whether urban evolution counteracts it, by using common-garden experiments with a common, widespread geometrid moth (Chiasmia clathrata). We raised offspring from urban and rural populations from North- and Mid-European countries in treatments with and without dim light at night. 3. The dim light treatment strongly increased direct development overall—with no evidence for urban adaptation to it—but distinctly more so in Mid- than in North-European populations. 4. Because diapause induction is critical for surviving winter, these results indicate that dim but widespread light pollution may have detrimental effects on insect populations, especially so at mid-latitudes, and may hence explain part of the ongoing, large-scale insect declines globally. 5. Synthesis and applications: Latitudinal variation in sensitivity to light pollution means that its contribution to insect declines—and its conservation importance—should likewise vary among regions. In mid-latitude regions, where populations seem more sensitive to light pollution, mitigating light pollution should be a high priority for insect conservation Reducing skyglow from cities should benefit both urban populations—which were just as susceptible as rural populations in our study—and rural populations—because skyglow extends far beyond the geographic boundaries of cities.

Data on youth understandings of and attitudes towards carbon-smart urban green infrastructure in Kumpula, Helsinki

A workshop survey -dataset detailing youth understandings of and attitudes towards carbon-smart urban green infrastructure in Kumpula, Helsinki, Finland.

Proportion of natural areas within a defined urban zone

Share of the sum of natural and naturalized areas to the total area in UNaLab front-runner cities Tampere, Eindhoven and Genova.

Tampere - Urban green space accessibility and distribution

Results of the evaluation of urban green space accessibility and distribution in Vuores neighbourhood in Tampere.

Tampere - Awareness of citizens regarding urban nature and ecosystem services

Results of the awareness of citizens regarding urban nature and ecosystem services survey among residents of Vuores neighbourhood in Tampere.

Dataset for: Supplementation of seasonal natural resources with year-round anthropogenic resources by coyotes in natural fragments within a high-density urban area.

Dataset for: Supplementation of seasonal natural resources with year-round anthropogenic resources by coyotes in natural fragments within a high-density urban area.  (Pending publication in Wildlife Biology as of 02/24/2023)

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

Supplementary Tables and Datasets for publication: Spatial and finely tuned temporal metagenomics of river compartments reveals viral community dynamics in an urban stream

This is a data dump of the tables, genomes, and .faa files that were too large to submit as part of the publication titled: Spatial and finely tuned temporal metagenomics of river compartments reveals viral community dynamics in an urban stream   Files here include: -Fasta file containing 1230 vMAGs. -Zip file containing individual fasta files for 125 MAGs -Annotations output for DRAM and DRAM-v for all MAGs and vMAGs -.faa proteins file for the full Freshwater / Wastewater / TARA Oceans dataset that was used for vContact2 biogeography analyses

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

MAED template Reconstruction Base Year - Manufacturing (Industry Sector) and Household Sector (Urban & Rural)

MAED template Reconstruction Base Year  - Manufacturing (Industry Sector) and Household Sector (Urban & Rural) for the Hands-on 6 of the Open Learn Create an online course on MAED. The Template for "MAED template Reconstruction Base Year  - Agriculture, Construction, Mining (Industry Sector)" is available for download here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7750256.