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FIGURE 6. Paguritherium alatum Reinhard 1945 in A review of the endoparasitic isopods (Epicaridea: Entoniscidae) from hermit crabs, including description of the new subfamily Diogenioninae and a new species of Paguritherium Reinhard, 1945 from the Philippines

FIGURE 6. Paguritherium alatum Reinhard 1945, female (A–D). A. Cross section of hermit crab Pagurus longicarpus showing position of ovigerous female P. alatum within abdomen; body of parasite shown in black, oostegites with developing larvae shown by black dots; the pleon extends to an opening at the base of the eyestalk (arrow). B. Adult female removed from abdomen of host (enclosing sheath and contents of brood pouch removed). C. Ovigerous female with embryos present in brood pouch. D. Head of female. Male (E–H = USNM 1522336). E. Lateral view of male. F. Head of male, ventral view. G. Ventral view of male. H. Male right pereopods 5–7. Epicaridium larva (I–O; N = USNM 1522337). I. Antennule. J. Antenna. K. Pereopod 4 (could be any of 1–5, see Remarks under P. alatum). L. Pereopod 5 (could be any of 1–5, see Remarks under P. alatum). M. Pereopod 6. N. Pereopods 5 (on right) and 6 (on left). O. Pleopod 5. Abbreviations: A1, antennulae; A2, antennae; Hd, head; He, heart; Md, mandibles; Mx, maxillae, Mxp, maxillipeds; O1–O4, oostegites 1–4; P1, pereopod 1. Scale bars: G = 200 µm; H = 25 µm; N = 10 µm; rest not to scale. A–F modified from Reinhard (1945); J–M, O modified from Adkison (1990).

FIGURE 4 in A review of the endoparasitic isopods (Epicaridea: Entoniscidae) from hermit crabs, including description of the new subfamily Diogenioninae and a new species of Paguritherium Reinhard, 1945 from the Philippines

FIGURE 4. Diogenion cf. vermifactus Codreanu, Codreanu & Pike, 1960, female (A, B, C = USNM 1522333, D = ZRC 2022.0962), A. Head, ventral view. B. Pereopod 1. C. Pereopod 6. D. Pleon. Male (E= USNM 1522332, F, G, H = USNM 1522334), E. Oblique lateral view. F. Dorsal view. G. Lateral view of head region showing antennula, antenna, pereopod 1 and mouth parts (dashed lines show head region in relation to rest of body). H. Pereopod 6. Abbreviations: A1, antennulae; A2, antennae; Md, mandible; Mxp, maxilliped; P1–P7, pereopods 1–7; Pl1–5, pleomeres 1–5; Pt, pleotelson. Scale bars: A, D = 1.0 mm; B, C = 250 µm; E, F = 500 µm; G, H = 50 µm.

FIGURE 2 in A review of the endoparasitic isopods (Epicaridea: Entoniscidae) from hermit crabs, including description of the new subfamily Diogenioninae and a new species of Paguritherium Reinhard, 1945 from the Philippines

FIGURE 2. Diogenion vermifactus Codreanu, Codreanu & Pike, 1960. A. Female, lateral view. B. Male, ventral view. Abbreviations: A1, antennulae; A2, antennae; Hd, head; O1–O7, oostegites 1–7; O1t, transverse plate of oostegite 1; P1–P7, pereopods 1–7; Pl1–5, pleomeres 1–5; S, host sheath; Pt, pleotelson; Tr, ovarian thoracic trunk; Ur, uropods. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 200 µm. Modified from Codreanu et al. (1960).

FIGURE 3 in A review of the endoparasitic isopods (Epicaridea: Entoniscidae) from hermit crabs, including description of the new subfamily Diogenioninae and a new species of Paguritherium Reinhard, 1945 from the Philippines

FIGURE 3. Diogenion cf. vermifactus Codreanu, Codreanu & Pike, 1960, female (A, B = USNM 1522331, C = USNM 1522333). A. Host Calcinus gaimardii with ovigerous female of D. cf. vermifactus partially dissected from abdomen of host, lateral view. B. Same specimen shown in A, dorsal view of host and opposite side of ovigerous female of D. cf. vermifactus showing abdomen extending to exit pore near anterior end of hermit crab (indicated by arrow). C. Ovigerous female of D. cf. vermifactus with nearly all eggs removed, ventral view. Abbreviations: Hd, head; O1, oostegite 1. Scale bars: A, B, C = 3 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Nomenclatural and taxonomic changes in parasitic isopods (Isopoda: Epicaridea) including two new families and note on the questionable association between monogeneans and bopyrids

FIGURE 1. Bopyrus foliosus Kr̂yer in Gaimard, [1842]. A, female, ventral view. B, female, dorsal view. C, male, dorsal view. D, pereopod (presumed from male). Stegophrixus [sic] thompsoni Nierstrasz & Brender à Brandis, 1931. E, female, dorsal view (oostegites not drawn). F, male, dorsal view. Figures not to scale. A–D from Kr̂yer in Gaimard [1842]; E, F from Nierstrasz & Brender à Brandis (1931).

FIGURE 4. Capitoniscus cumacei Bourdon, 1972. A in Nomenclatural and taxonomic changes in parasitic isopods (Isopoda: Epicaridea) including two new families and note on the questionable association between monogeneans and bopyrids

FIGURE 4. Capitoniscus cumacei Bourdon, 1972. A, cryptoniscus larva, dorsal view. B, antennule. C, pereopod 1. D, pereopod 3. E, pereopod 7. I, female, ventral view. Capitoniscus peruvicus (Menzies & George, 1972) n. comb. F, cryptoniscus larva, dorsal view. Carocryptus laticephalus Schultz, 1977. G, cryptoniscus larva. Capitoniscus australis Bourdon, 1981. H, pleotelson, distal margin, dorsal view. Cumoechus insignis Hansen, 1916. J, female, dorsal view. "Leponiscus pollicipedis" Giard, 1887 (nomen nudum) (= Hemioniscus sp.). K, male, ventral view, in part. Figures not to scale. A–E, I from Bourdon (1972); F from Menzies & George (1972); G from Schultz (1977); H from Bourdon (1981a); J from Hansen (1916); K from Bocquet-Védrine & Bocquet (1972).

FIGURE 3 in Nomenclatural and taxonomic changes in parasitic isopods (Isopoda: Epicaridea) including two new families and note on the questionable association between monogeneans and bopyrids

FIGURE 3. Synsynella choprae (Pearse, 1932) (originally identified as Bopyrina crangona Pearse, 1953) from Synalpheus brooksi Coutière, 1909 (USNM 143663). A, female, dorsal view; B, female, ventral view; C, female pleon, dorsal view; D, male, dorsal view. E, Bopyrina crangona Pearse, 1953, holotype on slide (USNM 95120). F, Bopyrina crangona Pearse, 1953, allotype on slide (USNM 95121). Scale bars: A–C = 500 µm; D = 250 µm; E, F are 75 mm microscope slides.

FIGURE 2. Palaemon adspersus Rathke, 1836 in Nomenclatural and taxonomic changes in parasitic isopods (Isopoda: Epicaridea) including two new families and note on the questionable association between monogeneans and bopyrids

FIGURE 2. Palaemon adspersus Rathke, 1836 with Bopyrus crangorum (Fabricius, 1798). A, Palaemon adspersus, nonovigerous female (10.6 mm CL, not including length of rostrum) showing swelled right branchial chamber from which female and male of B. crangorum were removed. B, same specimen in A, lateral view. C, B. crangorum, neotype female (RMNH.CRUS. I.1667), dorsal view. D, same specimen in C, ventral view (note: most of eggs in brood chamber removed). E, B. crangorum, male, dorsal view. F, same specimen in E, ventral view. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm; C, D = 3 mm; E, F = 1 mm.

Figure 11 in Discovery of a new species and host record of Holophryxus Richardson, 1905 (Isopoda: Dajidae) from the central Arctic: a model of enhanced descriptive standards for epicaridean isopods

Figure 11. Holophryxus citriformis sp. nov. Paratype, male: A right pereopod 1 (P1), anterior view; B dactylus of P1, anterior view; C carpus of P1, medial view, showing sensory elements (a-e); D right pereopod 2 (P2), medial view; E dactylus of P2, medial view; F carpus of P2, medial view, showing sensory elements (a-e). Scale bars in μm.

Figure 4 in Discovery of a new species and host record of Holophryxus Richardson, 1905 (Isopoda: Dajidae) from the central Arctic: a model of enhanced descriptive standards for epicaridean isopods

Figure 4. Holophryxus citriformis sp. nov. Holotype, adult female: A, anterior part of body, showing cephalic and thoracic regions with associated limbs, ventral view; left pereopods and incubatory plate 1 omitted to show position of incubatory plates 2–4 (A1 = antennule, A2 = antenna, CP 1–4 = coxal plates 1–4, CR = cephalic ridge, IP1–5 = incubatory plates 1–5, Md = mandible, P5 = pereopod 5, SP = sternal plate); B, posterior part of body, showing spinous margins of incubatory plates (IP5) and position of anal opening (indicated by arrow).

Figure 15 in Discovery of a new species and host record of Holophryxus Richardson, 1905 (Isopoda: Dajidae) from the central Arctic: a model of enhanced descriptive standards for epicaridean isopods

Figure 15. Schematic showing general morphology of cephalon in Ho. citriformis (A-C) (Type 1), Ho. quadratahumerale (D-F) (Type 2) and Ho. acanthephyrae (G-I) (Type 3) in ventral (A, D, G), dorsal (B, E, H) and lateral (C, F, I) aspect. CP1–2 = coxal plates 1–2, DP = dorsal prominence, HE = hood-like extension, L = length of ventral cephalic ridge, VCR = ventral cephalic ridge (shaded), W = width of ventral cephalic ridge.

Figure 8 in Discovery of a new species and host record of Holophryxus Richardson, 1905 (Isopoda: Dajidae) from the central Arctic: a model of enhanced descriptive standards for epicaridean isopods

Figure 8. Holophryxus citriformis sp. nov. Paratype, male: A, habitus, ventral view; B, habitus, lateral view. Scale bar in μm.

Figure 5 in Discovery of a new species and host record of Holophryxus Richardson, 1905 (Isopoda: Dajidae) from the central Arctic: a model of enhanced descriptive standards for epicaridean isopods

Figure 5. Holophryxus citriformis sp. nov. Holotype, adult female, right pereopod 1: A, whole limb, anterior overview (spinular surface ornamentation omitted; basis (B), carpus (C), dactylus (D), ischiomerus (I), propodus (P); B, detail of distal part of ischiomerus (fused ischium and merus), showing spinular combs on anterior surface; C, medial margin of carpus, showing position of sensory elements, anterior view; D, medial (palmar) margin of propodus and carpus, showing position of sensory elements, posterior view; E, dactylus, posterior view. Scale bars in μm.

Figure 16 in Discovery of a new species and host record of Holophryxus Richardson, 1905 (Isopoda: Dajidae) from the central Arctic: a model of enhanced descriptive standards for epicaridean isopods

Figure 16. Holophryxus citriformis sp. nov. Holotype, adult female, right pereopod 2; posterior view, showing segmentation and intrinsic musculature (surface ornamentation and sensory structures omitted). Abbreviations: bas. ext. 1–2 = basal extensor muscles 1–2, bas. flex. 1–4 = basal flexor muscles 1–4, isch. ext. = ischiomeral extensor muscle, isch. flex. 1–3 = ischiomeral flexor muscles 1–3, prop. ext. = propodal extensor muscle, prop. flex. 1–2 = propodal flexor muscles 1–2.

Figure 1 in Discovery of a new species and host record of Holophryxus Richardson, 1905 (Isopoda: Dajidae) from the central Arctic: a model of enhanced descriptive standards for epicaridean isopods

Figure 1. Macrophotographs. Holophryxus citriformis sp. nov. Holotype, adult female: A, habitus, ventral view, live specimen; B, habitus, dorsal view, live specimen; C, habitus, lateral view, preserved specimen; D, eggs recovered after spawning by female; E, live specimen attached to carapace of shrimp host. Hymenodora glacialis: F, dorsal view, showing marks left by parasitic isopod; G, close-up of marks left around attachment site of Ho. citriformis on dorsal surface of host carapace. Scale bars in mm. Except for C, all photographs copyright Alfred-Wegener-Institut/ Stefan Hendricks (CC-BY 4.0). A-B, D-G taken with a Canon EOS 5D Mark III camera with an EF100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM lens, C with camera mounted on a Leica M125 stereomicroscope.

Figure 3 in Discovery of a new species and host record of Holophryxus Richardson, 1905 (Isopoda: Dajidae) from the central Arctic: a model of enhanced descriptive standards for epicaridean isopods

Figure 3. Holophryxus citriformis sp. nov. Holotype, adult female: A, habitus outlines of adult female (ventral) and male (dorsal) showing sexual size dimorphism; B, detail of antennules showing dense arrangement of spinular combs on anterior surface; C, ventral view of cephalic region showing position of left antennule (A1) and antenna (A2), right mandible (Md), labrum (Lb), labium (Lm) and sternal plate (SP); D, close-up of oral area showing distal margins of labrum and labium, and gnathobase of right mandible; E, left mandible (basal part omitted). Scale bars in μm unless indicated otherwise.

Figure 2 in Discovery of a new species and host record of Holophryxus Richardson, 1905 (Isopoda: Dajidae) from the central Arctic: a model of enhanced descriptive standards for epicaridean isopods

Figure 2. Holophryxus citriformis sp. nov. Holotype, adult female, CLSM, ventral view: A, anterior part of body showing cephalic ridge and pereopods (including coxal plates), collectively forming attachment device; B, anterior part of cephalon, antennules (A1) and mandibles; C, close-up of antennules (A1) and mandibles (Md); D, abdomen; E, pereopod 3. Scale bars in μm.

Figure 14 in Discovery of a new species and host record of Holophryxus Richardson, 1905 (Isopoda: Dajidae) from the central Arctic: a model of enhanced descriptive standards for epicaridean isopods

Figure 14. Holophryxus citriformis sp. nov. Paratype, male: A, right pereopod 7 (P7), posterior view; B, dactylus of P7, posterior view; C, carpus of P7, showing sensory elements (a-d), posterior view; D, posterior margin of abdomen, ventral view; anal opening indicated by arrow. Scale bars in μm.

Figure 13 in Discovery of a new species and host record of Holophryxus Richardson, 1905 (Isopoda: Dajidae) from the central Arctic: a model of enhanced descriptive standards for epicaridean isopods

Figure 13. Holophryxus citriformis sp. nov. Paratype, male: A, right pereopod 5 (P5), posteromedial view; B, dactylus of P5, posterior view; C, right pereopod 6 (P6), anterior view; D, dactylus of P6, anterior view. Scale bars in μm.

Figure 10 in Discovery of a new species and host record of Holophryxus Richardson, 1905 (Isopoda: Dajidae) from the central Arctic: a model of enhanced descriptive standards for epicaridean isopods

Figure 10. Holophryxus citriformis sp. nov. Paratype, male: A, right antennule, anterior view; sensory elements indicated by arrows (CL = central lobe; IL = inner lobe; OL = outer lobe; SP = spinous projection); B-C, sensory elements of antennule; D, right antenna, anterior view. Scale bars in μm.