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17,039 results for “Natural”
Figure 1 in Range and natural history of point-tailed palmcreepers (Aves: Furnariidae)
Figure 1. Range of point-tailed palmcreepers Berlepschia rikeri based on a wide review of the literature (dark circles), personally examined museum specimens (dark squares), online databases (dark triangles) and unpublished field records (white triangles). The dashed line indicates the range of this species according to Ridgely and Tudor (2009).
Turbulence on natural peatland surface visualized using thermal videos
<p>Videos of surface temperature excursion (T') from the mean on peatland surface which visualize the passage of atmospheric turbulence and its constituent eddies of varying size. These T' videos were produced from UAV nadir thermal videos recorded from a 500m altitude (Matrice 210 V2 quadcopter + Zenmuse XT2 thermal camera). The original thermal videos were recorded around midday on two dates, 6th and 28th August 2019.</p>
Fig. 4 in New species and new records of black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) from the Viidumäe Nature Reserve, Estonia
Fig. 4. Sciara bryophila sp. nov., paratype from Estonia, Viidumäe (MZH), hypopygium, ventral view. Scale bar = 300 µm.
Fig. 2 in New species and new records of black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) from the Viidumäe Nature Reserve, Estonia
Fig. 2. Cratyna (Diversicratyna) palustricola sp. nov. A. Hypopygium (holotype, MZH), ventral view. B. Gonostyli (paratype, MZH), ventral view. Scale bars: A = 130 µm; B = 40 µm.
Data for the publication "How frequent is natural cloud seeding from ice cloud layers (<-35°C) over Switzerland?"
<p>This repository contains the data for the paper:</p> <p>Authors: Ulrike Proske, Verena Bessenbacher, Zane Dedekind, Ulrike Lohmann, and David Neubauer<br> Titel: How frequent is natural cloud seeding?<br> Date: 2020</p> <p>Note that the scripts arezeno to be found in the accompanying package (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3987754)</p>
Raman spectroscopic data derived from Calluna vulgaris charcoals, experimentally generated across a range of natural wildfire temperatures
<p>This data has been derived from deconvolved Raman spectra, utilising two first order bands - D (Disordered) and G (Graphitic). Spectra were collected from experimentally pyrolysed charcoals, made from Calluna vulgaris (Ling Heather) separated into three main components; stem, root and flower. For each component at 250, 400, 600 and 800 degrees centigrade respectively, 5 charcoal samples (A, B, C, D, E) were analysed. Following deconvolution, median values for each spectra were produced. These correspond to parameters derived from the Raman data, including D- and G-band width (FWHM), intensity (ID/IG or 'R1') and area (AD/AG) ratios, band separation (G-D or 'RBS'), and band width ratios (D-FWHM/G-FWHM). All parameters have been compiled for each component material, and displayed graphically within this dataset.</p>
Natural Lake Database in China in 2015 (NLD_China2015)
<p>The first database of natural lakes with an area > 0.01 km<sup>2</sup> in China in 2015 (NLD_China2015). The database was manually developed in reference to the existing lake inventories, reservoir datasets, and high-resolution images from Google Earth.</p>
Data accompanying the manuscript "Protocol Discovery for the Quantum Control of Majoranas by Differentiable Programming and Natural Evolution Strategies"
<p>Dataset for figures 2, A6 and A8 for the manuscript: "Protocol Discovery for the Quantum Control of Majoranas by Differentiable Programming and Natural Evolution Strategies." The dataset contains the optimal protocols for Majorana transport in both the Kitaev Chain model as well as the Proximity Coupled Semiconduncting Nanowire model obtained with Differentiable Programming and Natural Evolution Strategies. Also the Simulated Annealing (SA) optimal protocols for the Kitaev chain are included.</p>
Data from: Maximum cardiac performance of Antarctic fishes that lack haemoglobin and myoglobin: exploring the effect of warming on nature's natural knockouts
Comparisons among related species provide valuable insight into the functional consequences of natural genetic mutations. We assessed cardiac function at ambient and elevated temperatures in Antarctic notothenioids with contrasting levels of the oxygen binding proteins, haemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mb), to elucidate changes in cardiac performance that may compensate for impaired O2 transport. Notothenia coriiceps (Hb+Mb+) at 1oC had the highest maximum cardiac work rate (WC) and pressure generating capacity, but lowest relative ventricular mass and maximum cardiac output (Q̇) when compared with two icefish species, Chionodraco rastrospinosus (Hb-Mb+) and Chaenocephalus aceratus (Hb-Mb-). Cardiomegaly associated with absence of Hb generated an exceptionally large maximum stroke volume (VS) and Q̇, but a lower WC. However, C. rastrospinosus had a larger ventricle, a higher intrinsic heart rate (fH), and greater maximum VS and Q̇ than C. aceratus, suggesting that cardiac Mb has functional relevance. Warming to 4oC increased fH, but only increased maximum Q̇ in icefishes, while maximum WC and pressure development increased in N. coriiceps (both ~2.5x that of C. aceratus). The Hb+Mb+ myocardium generated considerable Q̇ against raised afterload, unlike icefish hearts. The presence of Hb and Mb enhances cardiac performance, and likely resilience to near-future ocean warming.
On the nature of mixed-type features in materials datasets
<p>We provide four crystalline materials datasets that contain both numerical and categorical features of materials.</p> <ol> <li>The Lattice dataset [1,2] contains 1,439 binary AB body-centered cubic crystals, as described by 12 numerical and 9 categorical variables. The lattice constant is considered as the physical property of interest.</li> <li>The TC dataset [2,3] contains 101 binary alloys of transition and rare earth metals, as described by 15 numerical and 17 categorical features. The Curie temperature (TC) is considered as the property of interest.</li> <li>The Octet binary materials dataset [4] contains 82 materials, as described by 11 numerical and 2 categorical features. The difference in LDA energy between RS and ZB (∆E = E(RS) − E(ZB)) in eV is considered as the physical property of interest.</li> <li>The Fm3m dataset [5] contains 239 binary compounds collected from the Materials Project, as described by 12 numerical and 17 categorical variables. The formation of energy is considered as the physical property of interest.</li> </ol> <p>References:</p> <p>[1] K. Takahashi, L. Takahashi, J. D. Baran, and Y. Tanaka, "Descriptors for predicting the lattice constant of body centered cubic crystal", The Journal of chemical physics 146, 204104 (2017).<br> [2] D.-N. Nguyen, T.-L. Pham, V.-C. Nguyen, T.-D. Ho, T. Tran, K. Takahashi, and H.-C. Dam, "Committee machine that votes for similarity between materials", IUCrJ 5, 830-840 (2018).<br> [3] Y. Xu, M. Yamazaki, and P. Villars, "Inorganic materials database for exploring the nature of material", Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 50, 11RH02 (2011).<br> [4] L. M. Ghiringhelli, J. Vybiral, S. V. Levchenko, C. Draxl, and M. Scheer, "Big data of materials science: critical role of the descriptor", Physical review letters 114, 105503 (2015).<br> [5] A. Jain, S. P. Ong, G. Hautier, W. Chen, W. D. Richards, S. Dacek, S. Cholia, D. Gunter, D. Skinner, G. Ceder, et al., "Commentary: The materials project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation", Apl Materials 1, 011002 (2013).</p>
Variational Inference for Learning Representations of Natural Language Edits
<p>Performance Evaluation of Edit Representations (PEER), the dataset we use in the paper <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.09143">"Variational Inference for Learning Representations of Natural Language Edits"</a>.</p>
Natural history specimens collected and/or identified and deposited.
Natural history specimen data collected and/or identified by Jairo Mora Prendas, <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6195-935X">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6195-935X</a>. Claims were made on Bionomia, <a href="http://bionomia.net">https://bionomia.net</a> using specimen data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org">https://gbif.org</a>.
IODP Expedition 368X Natural gamma radiation
<p>Natural gamma radiation (NGR) data in the ~0.1 to 3.0 MeV range were measured using eight custom-designed sodium iodide (thallium) [NaI(Tl)] detectors arranged along the core measurement axis at 20 cm intervals. The NGR system uses layers of passive shielding (lead) and active shielding (plastic scintillators and coincidence electronics) to reduce the cosmic-ray signal for low-count analysis of sediment core sections and to obtain the maximum signal-to-noise ratio. Data are reported on a total counts per second basis and the raw spectral files are available as compressed files for later analysis.</p>
Data from: Natural selection and repeated patterns of molecular evolution following allopatric divergence
Background: Geographic speciation is a major force in generating biodiversity. However, how genomes diverge over time after geographic isolation has halted gene flow has remained unclear. We examine genome-wide divergence of putatively single-copy orthologous genes (POGs) from transcriptomes in 20 allopatric species/variety pairs from diverse angiosperm clades. Sixteen of these pairs reflect the well-known eastern Asia – eastern North America floristic disjunction; these species have been isolated for different lengths of time, from the Miocene to Pleistocene. Results: Molecular evolutionary analyses revealed that >90% of the genes examined are under purifying selection and <10% are under positive selection, and this pattern was observed for all taxon pairs, despite differences in divergence time. The divergence level at synonymous sites shared by most POGs in each taxon pair predicts the divergence time between the species/varieties. Divergence time estimates were positively correlated with abundance of genes under moderate purifying selection, but negatively correlated with abundance of genes under strong purifying selection. We identified 200 genes under strong positive selection across the species pairs, with 14 shared by 10-15 pairs and one shared by all taxon pairs. An additional 15 loci annotated to biological processes responding to various stimuli were present in 1-3 pairs.Conclusions: Our results suggest a common "most genes conserved–few genes adaptive" genomic architecture for the taxon pairs, which may be a key for maintaining a balance between the ability to conserve ancestral functions and the ability to evolve new features beneficial for new adaptations. As geographic isolation proceeds through time, the evolutionary trajectory of some genes changed from strong purifying selection to more relaxed selection. The allopatric divergence of these taxon pairs involved both neutral and adaptive evolution of functional genes.
Image 10 in Robust Trapdoor Tarantula Haploclastus validus Pocock, 1899: notes on taxonomy, distribution and natural history (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Thrigmopoeinae)
Image 10. Habitat destruction at Aarey Milk Colony for removal of soil for brick making. Note the exposed burrow due to this practice in the inset
Image 3 in Robust Trapdoor Tarantula Haploclastus validus Pocock, 1899: notes on taxonomy, distribution and natural history (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Thrigmopoeinae)
Image 3. Haploclastus validus female from Aarey Milk Colony (Mumbai, Maharashtra) depicting coloration in life. Not collected
Figures 8–11. 8 in Robust Trapdoor Tarantula Haploclastus validus Pocock, 1899: notes on taxonomy, distribution and natural history (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Thrigmopoeinae)
Figures 8–11. 8 - Spermathecae; 9 - Male palp, prolateral view; 10 - Male palp, retrolateral view; 11 - Male palp, ventral view (scale 1mm)
Figures 1–7. 1 in Robust Trapdoor Tarantula Haploclastus validus Pocock, 1899: notes on taxonomy, distribution and natural history (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Thrigmopoeinae)
Figures 1–7. 1 - Dorsal view of spider, scale 0.5mm; 2 - Eye, scale 1mm; 3 - Sternum, maxillae, labium, scale 0.5mm; 4 - Chelicerae, scale 1mm; 5 - Chelicerae teeth, scale 1mm; 6 - Maxillae, scale 1mm; 7 - Spinnerets, scale 1mm
Data from: Nitrogen acquisition of Central European herbaceous plants that differ in their global naturalization success
<p>It is frequently assumed that species capable of fast nitrogen (N) acquisition under different N-availability conditions should have a higher establishment success after their introduction into new regions. However, few experimental studies have explicitly tested this. Our multispecies experiment tested whether global naturalization success of plant species native to Central Europe is related to a high N-acquisition ability.</p> <p>We selected 41 common herbaceous species native to Germany that have all become naturalized, and thus been introduced, elsewhere. Twenty-two of these species are widely naturalized and 19 are less widely naturalized. We grew the 41 grassland species, sampled in Germany, under low and high N conditions in a greenhouse experiment, and assessed their N-acquisition abilities.</p> <p>Although the widely naturalized species grew faster on average, they had a significantly lower N-uptake rate than the less widely naturalized ones. The widely naturalized species, however, had a marginally significantly higher root-mass fraction. Despite these differences, the total plant N-content did on average not differ between the two groups of species. However, N addition tended to increase the total plant N-content more for the widely naturalized species than for the less widely naturalized species. Nitrogen addition also increased biomass production and N-uptake rate, and decreased the root-mass fraction of plants, but these responses did not differ between widely and less widely naturalized species.</p> <p>We conclude that although fast-growing species tend to have a higher global naturalization success than slow-growing species, the naturalization success of plants is not necessarily related to a high N-acquisition ability.</p>
Data from: Natural selection on antihelminth antibodies in a wild mammal population
<p>An effective immune response is expected to confer fitness benefits through improved resistance to parasites but also energetic costs which negatively impact fitness-related traits such as reproduction. These fitness costs and benefits of an immune response are likely to depend on host age, sex, and levels of parasite exposure. Few studies have examined the full extent to which patterns of natural selection on immune phenotypes vary across demographic groups and environments in the wild. Here, we assessed natural selection on plasma levels of three functionally distinct isotypes (IgA, IgE and IgG) of antibodies against a prevalent nematode parasite measured in a wild Soay sheep population over 25 years. We found little support for environment-dependent selection or reproductive costs. However, antibody levels were negatively associated with parasite egg counts and positively associated with subsequent survival, albeit in a highly age- and isotype-dependent manner. Raised levels of anti-parasite IgA best predicted reduced egg counts but this did not predict survival in lambs, whilst in adult females increased anti-parasite IgG predicted reduced egg counts and improved survival. Our results highlight the potential importance of age-dependent selection on immune phenotypes in nature, and that patterns of selection can vary even amongst functionally-related immune markers.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.