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1,245 results for “hypothesis”
FIGURE 4 in Testing hypothesis of skeletal unity using bone histology: The case of the sauropod remains from the Howe-Stephens and Howe Scott quarries (Morrison Formation, Wyoming, USA)
FIGURE 4. Growth marks preserved in the femur of SMA 0087 "Chris". To study the cyclicity, all growth marks are considered. Multiple, closely spaced LAGs (arrows) were counted as one growth mark.
FIGURE 10 in Testing hypothesis of skeletal unity using bone histology: The case of the sauropod remains from the Howe-Stephens and Howe Scott quarries (Morrison Formation, Wyoming, USA)
FIGURE 10. Band of secondary osteons in humerus SMA G50/91-1. The band of secondary osteons is located between the red lines. The area above the band of secondary osteons, marked by the dashed red line, consists of mainly primary bone with some isolated secondary osteons. In this area however, the density of secondary osteons is much lower than that seen in the secondary osteon band. Abbreviations; MC: Medullary cavity, RA: Remodeled area, SOB: Secondary osteon band.
FIGURE 6 in Testing hypothesis of skeletal unity using bone histology: The case of the sauropod remains from the Howe-Stephens and Howe Scott quarries (Morrison Formation, Wyoming, USA)
FIGURE 6. Images of all samples taken from SMA 0007 "XL". A, humerus (r). B, ulna (l). C, tibia (?). For all samples, the bone tissue types are indicated to the left, and the number and patterns of the visible growth cycles are indicated to the right. Abbreviations; E: Bone tissue type E, EFS: External fundamental system, F: Bone tissue type F, MC: Medullary cavity, RA: Remodeled area.
FIGURE 19 in Testing hypothesis of skeletal unity using bone histology: The case of the sauropod remains from the Howe-Stephens and Howe Scott quarries (Morrison Formation, Wyoming, USA)
FIGURE 19. Mounted skeleton of Galeamopus sp. SMA 0011 "Max" from Howe Scott Quarry (Howe Ranch, Wyoming, USA) on display at Sauriermuseum Aathal, Switzerland. Length of femur is 1490 mm. Image credit: Urs Möckli, Sauriermuseum Aathal.
FIGURE 8 in Testing hypothesis of skeletal unity using bone histology: The case of the sauropod remains from the Howe-Stephens and Howe Scott quarries (Morrison Formation, Wyoming, USA)
FIGURE 8. View of outer cortex of SMA 0015 "David" femur with the characteristic orange, diagenetic coloration which can be observed in all the SMA 0015 "David" samples. This image was taken from the outer cortex of SMA 0015 "David" femur.
FIG. 4. Hypothesis 4 in Pennaraptoran Theropod Dinosaurs Past Progress And New Frontiers
FIG. 4. Hypothesis 4, Cretaceous North America–Asia faunal exchanges. This includes both the Early and Late Cretaceous establishments of the Bering land bridge. The green arrowed line denotes the approximate dispersal directions and route. Dotted lines denote paleogeography at 110 Ma, solid lines denote paleogeography at 75 Ma. Paleomap after (Matthews et al., 2016). Abbreviations: A, Asia; AO, Atlantic Ocean; E, Europe; F, Africa; I, India; M, Madagascar; N, North America; PO, Pacific Ocean; S, South America; T, Antarctica; TO, Tethys Ocean; U, Australia.
FIGURE 75 in A revision of the Neotropical spider genus Nops MacLeay (Araneae: Caponiidae) with the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the Nopinae genera
FIGURE 75. Areas from Central and South America with high concentration of Nops species.
FIGURE 69. Distribution maps. A Nops pocone n in A revision of the Neotropical spider genus Nops MacLeay (Araneae: Caponiidae) with the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the Nopinae genera
FIGURE 69. Distribution maps. A Nops pocone n. sp.; B Nops quito Dupérré.
FIGURE 65. Distribution maps. A Nops minas n in A revision of the Neotropical spider genus Nops MacLeay (Araneae: Caponiidae) with the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the Nopinae genera
FIGURE 65. Distribution maps. A Nops minas n. sp.; B Nops nitidus Simon.
FIGURE 36. A in A revision of the Neotropical spider genus Nops MacLeay (Araneae: Caponiidae) with the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the Nopinae genera
FIGURE 36. A distribution of Nops campeche n. sp. B distribution of Nops largus Chickering.
FIGURE 55. Distribution maps. A Nops itapetinga n in A revision of the Neotropical spider genus Nops MacLeay (Araneae: Caponiidae) with the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the Nopinae genera
FIGURE 55. Distribution maps. A Nops itapetinga n. sp.; B Nops sublaevis Simon.
FIGURE 51. Distribution maps. A Nops farhati Prosen. B Nops ipojuca n in A revision of the Neotropical spider genus Nops MacLeay (Araneae: Caponiidae) with the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the Nopinae genera
FIGURE 51. Distribution maps. A Nops farhati Prosen. B Nops ipojuca n. sp.
Fig. 2 in Review paper Stimulation of Plant Growth through Interactions of Bacteria and Protozoa: Testing the Auxiliary Microbial Loop Hypothesis
Fig. 2. Effects of Acanthamoeba castellanii on root diameter size classes of a grass (Lolium perenne). Grass plants were grown for 20 days in presence (+ Amo) and absence (– Amo) of amoebae on 1% agar with ½ Murashigge and Skoog medium in Petri dishes with a diverse soil bacterial community (Kreuzer, unpublished).
Fig. 4 in Role of temperature and carbonate system variability on a host-parasite system: Implications for the gigantism hypothesis
Fig. 4. (A) Growth and (B) metabolic rates of parasitized (gray bars) and nonparasitized (white bars) of P. purpuratus from central site (Quintay), subject to 12 and 18 ̊C. Bars indicate ± 1 standard error. Asterisk indicates significant differences between parasitism condition (p <0.001).
Fig. 2 in Role of temperature and carbonate system variability on a host-parasite system: Implications for the gigantism hypothesis
Fig. 2. Total shell length of adults parasitized (gray bars) and non-parasitized (white bars) individuals of P. purpuratus from central (Quintay) and southern populations (Concepción). Bars indicate ± 1 standard error. Asterisk indicates significant differences between parasitism condition (p <0.001).
Fig. 3 in Role of temperature and carbonate system variability on a host-parasite system: Implications for the gigantism hypothesis
Fig. 3. Least square means (LSM), the predicted value of the response variable at the mean value of the covariate (Shell Length) in ANCOVA. Responses are (A) total weight, (B) soft tissue weight, (C) shell weight, (D) volume, (E) CaCO3, and (D) LSM of the shell surface of P. purpuratus from central (Quintay) and southern populations (Concepción). Gray bars represent parasitized individuals and white bars, non-parasitized individuals. Asterisk indicates significant differences between parasitism condition, and letter indicates significant differences between sites (p <0.001).
Linked collectors and determiners for: The ' Pylus complex' sensu Opitz revisited (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Korynetinae): non-homogeneity of its genera addressed by alternative species-assignment hypothesis.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "The ' Pylus complex' sensu Opitz revisited (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Korynetinae): non-homogeneity of its genera addressed by alternative species-assignment hypothesis". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/9ab9e1c4-376b-49cb-89ea-aef948565cc5">https://bionomia.net/dataset/9ab9e1c4-376b-49cb-89ea-aef948565cc5</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/9ab9e1c4-376b-49cb-89ea-aef948565cc5">https://gbif.org/dataset/9ab9e1c4-376b-49cb-89ea-aef948565cc5</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Data from: The impact of reproductive investment and early-life environmental conditions on senescence: support for the disposable soma hypothesis
Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the evolution of senescence. One of the leading hypotheses, the disposable soma hypothesis, predicts a trade-off, whereby early-life investment in reproduction leads to late-life declines in survival (survival senescence). Testing this hypothesis in natural populations is challenging, but important for understanding the evolution of senescence. We used the long-term data set from a contained, predator-free population of individually marked Seychelles warblers (Acrocephalus sechellensis) to investigate how age-related declines in survival are affected by early-life investment in reproduction and early-life environmental conditions. The disposable soma hypothesis predicts that higher investment in reproduction, or experiencing harsh conditions during early life, will lead to an earlier onset, and an increased rate, of senescence. We found that both sexes showed similar age-related declines in late-life survival consistent with senescence. Individuals that started breeding at a later age showed a delay in survival senescence, but this later onset of breeding did not result in a less rapid decline in late-life survival. Although survival senescence was not directly related to early-life environmental conditions, age of first breeding increased with natal food availability. Therefore, early-life food availability may affect senescence by influencing age of first breeding. The disposable soma hypothesis of senescence is supported by delayed senescence in individuals that started breeding at a later age and therefore invested less in reproduction.
Data from: The impact of seasonality on niche breadth, distribution range and species richness: a theoretical exploration of Janzen's hypothesis
Being invoked as one of the candidate mechanisms for the latitudinal patterns in biodiversity, Janzen's hypothesis states that the limited seasonal temperature variation in the tropics generates greater temperature stratification across elevations, which makes tropical species adapted to narrower ranges of temperatures and have lower effective dispersal across elevations than species in temperate regions. Numerous empirical studies have documented latitudinal patterns in species elevational ranges and thermal niche breadths that are consistent with the hypothesis, but the theoretical underpinnings remain unclear. This study presents the first mathematical model to examine the evolutionary processes that could back up Janzen's hypothesis and assess the effectiveness of limited seasonal temperature variation to promote speciation along elevation in the tropics. Results suggest that trade-offs in thermal tolerances provide a mechanism for Janzen's hypothesis. Limited seasonal temperature variation promotes gradient speciation not due to the reduction in gene flow that is associated with narrow thermal niche, but due to the pleiotropic effects of more stable divergent selection of thermal tolerance on the evolution of reproductive incompatibility. The proposed modelling approach also provides a potential way to test a speciation model against genetic data.
Data from: Multiple data sets, congruence, and hypothesis testing for the phylogeny of basal groups of the lizard genus Sceloporus (Squamata, Phrynosomatidae)
Several data partitions, including nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences, chromosomes, isozymes, and morphological characters, were used to propose a new phylogeny and to test previously published hypotheses about the phylogenetic positions of basal clades of the lizard genus Sceloporus and the relationship of Sceloporus to the former genus "Sator". In accord with earlier studies, our results grouped "Sator" internal to Sceloporus, and both support a hypothesis of transgulfian vicariance for the origin of the former genus "Sator" on islands in the Sea of Cortez. Robustness of support for internal nodes in our best tree was established though widely used indices (bootstrap proportions, decay values) but also through congruence among independent data partitions. Several deep nodes in the tree recovered by a number of methods, including equally weighted and differentially weighted parsimony, and maximum likelihood models, are only weakly supported by the traditional indices, and this methodological concordance is taken as evidence for insensitivity of the deep structure of the topology to alternate assumptions.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.