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3,206 results for “property (T)”
Data from: Above-belowground linkages of functionally dissimilar plant communities and soil properties in a grassland experiment
<p>Changes in plant community composition can have long-lasting consequences for ecosystem functioning. However, how the duration of plant growth of functionally distinct grassland plant communities influences abiotic and biotic soil properties and thus ecosystem functions is poorly known. In a field experiment, we established identical experimental subplots in two successive years comprising of fast- or slow-growing grass and forb community mixtures with different forb:grass ratios. After one and two years of plant growth, we measured above- and belowground biomass, soil abiotic characteristics (pH, organic matter, soil nutrients), soil microbial properties (respiration, biomass, community composition), and nematode abundance. Fast- and slow-growing plant communities did not differ in above- and belowground biomass. However, fast-and slow-growing plant communities created distinct soil bacterial communities, whereas soil fungal communities differed most in 100% forb communities compared to other forb:grass ratio mixtures. Moreover, soil nitrate availability was higher after two years of plant growth, whereas the opposite was true for soil ammonium concentrations. Furthermore, total nematodes and especially bacterial-feeding nematodes were more abundant after two years of plant growth. Our results show that plant community composition is a driving factor in soil microbial community assembly and that the duration of plant growth plays a crucial role in the establishment of plant community and functional group composition effects on abiotic and biotic soil ecosystem functioning under natural field conditions.</p>
Relationships of mass properties and body proportions to locomotor habit in terrestrial Archosauria
<p>Throughout their 250 Myr history, archosaurian reptiles have exhibited a wide array of body sizes, shapes and locomotor habits, especially in regard to terrestriality. These features make Archosauria a useful clade with which to study the interplay between body size, shape and locomotor behaviour, and how this interplay may have influenced locomotor evolution. Here, digital volumetric models of 80 taxa are used to explore how mass properties and body proportions relate to each other and locomotor posture in archosaurs. One-way, non-parametric, multivariate analysis of variance, based on the results of principal components analysis, shows that bipedal and quadrupedal archosaurs are largely distinguished from each other on the basis of just four anatomical parameters (<em>P</em> < 0.001): mass, centre of mass position and relative forelimb and hindlimb lengths. This facilitates the development of a quantitative predictive framework that can help assess gross locomotor posture in understudied or controversial taxa, such as the crocodile-line <em>Batrachotomus </em>(predicted quadruped) and <em>Postosuchus </em>(predicted biped). Compared to quadrupedal archosaurs, bipedal species tend to have relatively longer hindlimbs and a more caudally positioned whole-body centre of mass, and collectively exhibit greater variance in forelimb lengths. These patterns are interpreted to reflect differing biomechanical constraints acting on the archosaurian bauplan in bipedal <em>versus </em>quadrupedal groups, which may have shaped the evolutionary histories of their respective members.</p>
Supplementary information for 'Structural and chemical properties of superconducting Co-doped BaFe2As2 thin films grown on CaF2'
<p>This repository contains supplementary information for the journal article '<a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6668/abcecf">Structural and chemical properties of superconducting Co‑doped BaFe<sub>2</sub>As<sub>2</sub> thin films grown on CaF<sub>2</sub></a>'.</p> <p>The Jupyter notebooks (.ipynb) demonstrate data treatment for Fig. 4b (folder "HyperSpy EDXS Analysis") and Fig. 10a (folder "Atomap"). The notebooks can be run with the provided datasets. HTML files are also provided for quick inspection of the used procedures in a web browser. Supplementary video files (.mp4) show electron-beam-induced radiation damage at the BaFe<sub>2</sub>As<sub>2</sub>-CaF<sub>2</sub> interface.</p> <p>Please visit the websites of the <a href="https://hyperspy.org/">HyperSpy</a> and <a href="https://atomap.org/">Atomap</a> projects for more information.</p> <p>If there are any questions or bugs, please contact me under lukas.gruenewald_at_kit.edu.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Results from: Angiogenic property of silk fibroin scaffolds with adipose-derived stem cells on chick chorioallantoic membrane
<p>Angiogenesis is a key step in tissue regeneration and repair. Biomaterials that allow or promote angiogenesis are thus beneficial. In this study, angiogenic properties of salt-leached silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds seeded with human adipose stem cells (hADSCs) were studied using chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) as a model. The hADSC-seeded SF scaffolds (SF-hADSC) with porosity of 77.34 ± 6.96 % and pore diameter of 513.95 ± 4.99 µm were implanted on CAM of chick embryos that were on embryonic day 8 (E8) of development. The SF-hADSC scaffolds induced a spoke-wheel pattern of capillary network indicative of angiogenesis, which was evident since E11. Moreover, ingrowth of blood vessels into the scaffolds was seen in histological sections. The unseeded scaffolds induced the same extent of angiogenesis later on E14. In contrast, the control group could not induce angiogenesis to the same extent even as late. <i>In vitro</i> cytotoxicity tests and <i>in vivo</i> angioirritative study reaffirmed the biocompatibility of the scaffolds. This work highlighted that the biocompatible SF-hADSC scaffolds accelerates angiogenesis, and hence they can be a promising biomaterial for regeneration of tissues that require angiogenesis.</p>
Spatial scaling properties of coral reef benthic communities
<p>The spatial structure of ecological communities on tropical coral reefs across seascapes and geographies have historically been poorly understood. Here we addressed this for the first time using spatially expansive and thematically resolved benthic community data collected around five uninhabited central Pacific oceanic islands, spanning 6° latitude and 17° longitude. Using towed-diver digital image surveys over ~140 linear km of shallow (8 – 20 m depth) tropical reef, we highlight the autocorrelated nature of coral reef seascapes. Benthic functional groups and hard coral morphologies displayed significant spatial clustering (positive autocorrelation) up to kilometre-scales around all islands, in some instances dominating entire sections of coastline. The scale and strength of these autocorrelation patterns showed differences across geographies, but patterns were more similar between islands in closer proximity and of a similar size. For example, crustose coralline algae (CCA) were clustered up to scales of 0.3 km at neighbouring Howland and Baker Islands and macroalgae were spatially clustered at scales up to ~3 km at both neighbouring Kingman Reef and Palmyra Atoll. Of all the functional groups, macroalgae had the highest levels of spatial clustering across geographies at the finest resolution of our data (100 m). There were several cases where the upper scale at which benthic community members showed evidence of spatial clustering correlated highly with the upper scales at which concurrent gradients in physical environmental drivers were spatially clustered. These correlations were stronger for surface wave energy than subsurface temperature (regardless of benthic group) and turf algae and CCA had the closest alignments in scale with wave energy across functional groups and geographies. Our findings suggest such physical drivers not only limit or promote the abundance of various benthic competitors on coral reefs, but also play a key role in governing their spatial scaling properties across seascapes.</p>
Solution properties of anionic sesame fatty acid methyl esters sulphonate surfactant and sodium dodecyl sulphate standard
<p>The relationship between specific conductivity and surfactant concentration was used to determine the solution properties of synthesized anionic sesame fatty acid methyl esters sulphonate (SEFAMESO) surfactant and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) standard. The solution properties evaluated included critical micelle concentration (CMC) values, counter-ion binding degree (<em>β</em>) and thermodynamic parameters namely, Gibbs free energy (<i>∆G°</i><sub><sub><i><sub>mic</sub></i></sub></sub>), enthalpy (<i>∆H°</i><sub><sub><i><sub>mic</sub></i></sub></sub>) and entropy (<i>∆S°</i><sub><sub><i><sub>mic</sub></i></sub></sub><i>)</i> of micellization.</p>
Geometric structure and electronic properties of boron-substituted silicene
<p>The essential properties of monolayer silicene greatly enriched by boron substitutions are thoroughly explored through first -principles calculations. Delicate analyses are conducted on the highly non-uniform Moire superlattices, atom-dominated band structures, charge density distributions and atom- & orbital-decomposed van Hove singularities. The hybridized 2pz-3pz and [2s, 2px, 2py]-[3s, 3px, 3py] bondings, with orthogonal relations, are obtained from the developed theoretical framework. The red-shifted Fermi level and the modified Dirac cones/π bands/σ bands are clearly identified under various concentrations and configurations of guest atoms. Our results demonstrate that the charge transfer leads to the non-uniform chemical environment that creates diverse electronic properties.<br> </p>
Characterization, functional properties and antioxidant activities of macromolecular extracts isolated from Porphyra yezoensis
<p><em>Porphyra yezoensis</em> is one of the most economical seaweed species in China. Determining how to make full use of mature <em>P. yezoensis </em>and exploring new ways to increase the value of its resources are important subjects of research for the development of the laver breeding industry. In this study, we provide a simple method to comprehensively extract the bioactive substances from <em>P. yezoensis</em>. The characteristics, functional properties and antioxidant activities of two types of biopolymer extract from <em>P. yezoensis</em> were studied and analyzed relatively. Based on the characterization of water-soluble concentrate (WPC) and alkali-soluble concentrate (APC), obtained via chemical analysis, FT-IR, TGA and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), they both had typical polysaccharide and protein characteristics and steady composition. APC showed higher nitrogen solubility, water holding capacity and foaming ability. APC could not only be used as a protein supplement; it also performs well in improving the properties of foods in terms of water-holding and fat-absorption. The emulsifying activity and oil-holding capacity of WPC were observed to be higher than those of APC; thus, WPC has the potential to be used as an emulsifier. Surprisingly, WPC and APC have radical scavenging capacity in vitro, which broadens the direction of their application.</p>
Expectations affect the perception of material properties
<p>Complete stimulus set: Expectations affect the perception of material properties</p>
Data associated to the manuscript "Structural and dynamic properties of soda-lime-silica in the liquid phase"
<p>Contains input files and data used to generate the figures of the article:</p> <p>Structural and dynamic properties of soda-lime-silica in the liquid phase</p> <p>Alessandra Serva, Allan Guerault, Yoshiki Ishii, Emmanuelle Gouillart, Ekaterina Burov, and Mathieu Salanne, <em>arXiv</em>, 2009.07198, 2020</p> <p>https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.07198</p> <p>The folder *DATA_ASCII_FIGURES* contains the processed data used to plot all the figures of the article.</p>
Chang'E-4 rover spectra revealing micro-scale surface thermophysical properties of the Moon
<p>Dataset of the article 'Chang’E-4 rover spectra revealing micro-scale surface thermophysical properties of the Moon'</p>
Data from Soil chemistry turned upside down: a meta-analysis of invasive earthworm effects on soil chemical properties
<p>Recent studies have shown that invasive earthworms can dramatically reduce native biodiversity, both above and below the ground. <a name="_Hlk9515878">However, we still lack a synthetic understanding of the underlying mechanisms behind these changes, such as whether earthworm effects on soil chemical properties drive such relationships</a>. Here, we investigated the effects of invasive earthworms on soil chemical properties (pH, water content, and the stocks and fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus) by conducting a meta-analysis. Invasive earthworms generally increased soil pH, indicating that the removal of organic layers and the upward transport of more base-rich mineral soil caused a shift in soil pH. Moreover, earthworms significantly decreased soil water content, suggesting that the burrowing activities of earthworms may have increased water infiltration of and/or increased evapo-transpiration from soil. Notably, invasive earthworms had opposing effects on organic and mineral soil for carbon and nitrogen stocks, with decreases in organic, and increases in mineral soil. Nitrogen fluxes were higher in mineral soil, whereas fluxes in organic soil were not significantly affected by the presence of invasive earthworms, indicating that earthworms mobilize and redistribute nutrients among soil layers and increase overall nitrogen loss from the soil. Invasive earthworm effects on element stocks increased with ecological group richness only in organic soil. Earthworms further decreased ammonium stocks with negligible effects on nitrate stocks in organic soil, whereas they increased nitrate stocks but not ammonium stocks in mineral soil. Notably, all of these results were consistent across forest and grassland ecosystems underlining the generality of our findings. However, we found some significant differences between studies that were conducted in the field (observational and experimental settings) and in the lab, such as that the effects on soil pH decreased from field to lab settings, calling for a careful interpretation of lab findings. Our meta-analysis provides strong empirical evidence that earthworm invasion may lead to substantial changes in soil chemical properties and element cycling in soil. Furthermore, our results can help explain the dramatic effects of invasive earthworms on native biodiversity, e.g., shifts towards the dominance of grass species over herbaceous ones, as shown by recent meta-analyses.</p>
FLARES DR2 Photometric Properties
<p>First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations - Data Release II</p> <p>Contains the stellar masses, star formation rates, luminosities, fluxes and line luminosity and equivalent width values for galaxies in all 40 FLARES regions between z=5-10. You can have a peak at the data structure and attributes <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UFGO3_iMujJ2HDQDTlvaa3_l3qk3uKjZeHuc2tyeVps/edit?usp=sharing">here</a>.</p> <p>See <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.06057">arxiv:2008.06057</a> for details. Utilities for reading the data are provided at <a href="https://github.com/flaresimulations">github.com/flaresimulations</a>.</p>
Plant communities, grazing intensity, soil properties and decomposers in grasslands across elevation in the Eastern Carpathians in Ukraine
<p>This data set contains information on plant community properties, grazing intensity, elevation, soil properties and density of soil decomposers collected in 2006 and 2007 from the 31 semi-natural grasslands exposed to cattle grazing along elevation gradient at large topographic scale ranging from the Carpathian Mountains, across the adjacent foothills to the plain areas. Plant community properties are represented by the following variables for each of the 31 study grassland: number of species (species number 100 m<sup>-2</sup>), number of functional groups 100 m<sup>-2 </sup>(that is, legumes, grasses, rushes and sedges, and non-legume forbs), proportion of undesirable weeds (%), number of species of legumes (species number 100 m<sup>-2</sup>), number of species of grasses (species number 100 m<sup>-2</sup>), number of species of rushes and sedges (species number 100 m<sup>-2</sup>), and number of non-legume forbs (species number 100 m<sup>-2</sup>). Grazing intensity is measured as cattle density (livestock units h<sup>-1</sup>). Soil properties are represented for each 31 study grassland by bare soil exposure (%) , soil organic carbon content (%), and soil pH. Density of soil decomposers are represented by biomass of earthworms g m<sup>-2</sup> and abundance of soil microorganisms cells × 10<sup>8</sup> g (dry soil)<sup>-1</sup>. Plant community composition is based on individual species' canopy cover. This dataset also contain information on the following plant traits for each plant species (n=175 species) found across the 31 study pastures across 2006 and 2007 sampling years: family of the plant species, belonging to legumes, grasses, rushes and sedges, non-legume forbs, and undesirable weeds. All data are averages across the two sampling years. </p>
Imaging elastodynamic and hydraulic properties of in-situ fractured rock: An experimental investigation exploring effects of dynamic stressing and shearing
<p>We describe laboratory experiments to elucidate the relationship between nonlinear elasticity and permeability evolution in fractured media subjected to local stress perturbations. This study is part of an effort to image fluid pathways and fracture properties using active-source acoustic monitoring during fluid injection and shear of rough fractures. Experiments were conducted with L-shaped samples of Westerly granite fractured in-situ under tri-axial conditions with deionized water subsequently circulated through the resulting fractures. After in-situ fracturing, we separately imposed oscillations of the applied normal stress and pore pressure with amplitudes ranging from 0.2 to 1 MPa and frequencies from 0.1 to 40 Hz. During these dynamic perturbations an array of piezoelectric transducers continuously transmitted ultrasonic pulses across the fracture to monitor the evolving elastic response. We interpret the resulting evolution of elastic wave properties in the context of elastic nonlinearity and relate the estimated nonlinearity parameters to the relative change in permeability of the fractured media. Fracture roughness is then altered in-situ by shearing, with the generation of breccia and wear products. We document the evolution of permeability and fracture contact stiffness as a function of dynamic stressing and shear offset and discuss our findings in relation to fractures in Earth's crust.</p>
Irrigation well water in Nebraska: essential nutrient contents and other properties
<p>Water nutrient concentrations and other properties were surveyed by sampling water from 642 irrigation wells in Nebraska. The amount of Ca, Mg, S, Cl, and B applied in irrigation exceeds removal in 15 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup> of corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) grain harvest for most wells. Irrigation supply exceeded corn grain harvest removal of K, Mn and Mo for >20% of the wells. The supply of P, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mo was generally very low but sufficient with some wells to be considered in nutrient management plans. The median level of nitrate N was 4.4 ppm with 25% of the wells having >10 ppm NO<sub>3</sub>-N which is above the suitability limit for human consumption. The agricultural lime equivalent applied with one or two ML of irrigation was enough to neutralize the acidifying effect of 200 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> of fertilizer-N for 70% or 89% of the wells. Nutrient and lime supply was relatively low for Sandhills wells and relatively high for wells in river valleys of <100 ft depth. No wells had excessive Na levels but 0.3% of the wells had salinity levels of concern. A grouping of wells into 11 aquifer, geological formation and well-depth combinations accounted for >20% of the variation for most water properties but much variation occurred within groups. Sampling of the well water is needed for full optimization of nutrient and soil management. Information on nutrients supplied through irrigation should be complemented by regular soil testing and the use of recommended nutrient management guidelines.</p>
Soil morphology and properties of forest soils in the Odra valley (SW Poland, Forest District Wołów).
<p>The presented dataset contains the raw data concerning soil morphology and physical and physicochemical properties of forest soils in the Odra valley (SW Poland, Forest District Wołów).</p> <p> </p>
A superfine glass fiber air filter with rapid response to photocatalytic antibacterial properties under visible light by loading rGO/ZnO
<p class="15"> The development of high-performance air filter has become more and more important to public health. However, it has always been very challenging for developing a multifunctional air filter to simultaneously achieve excellent filtration and antibacterial properties. Herein, a versatile air filter was prepared with loading the reduced graphener and Zinc oxide on the superfine glass fiber with the three-dimensional network structure by in-situ sol-gel process followed by calcination, which aims to achieve synergistic high efficiency air filtration and rapid response to photocatalytic antibacterial under visible light. The air filter showed a three-dimensional network structure based on a rGO/ZnO/s-GF multilayer and exhibited the highest catalytic performance by achieving a 95% degradation effect on Rhodamine B within 2 h and achieving 100% antibacterial inactivation of the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus within 4 h under visible light when the weight ratio of rGO in rGO/ZnO is 1.6%. The air filtration efficiency can also be maintained at 99% after loading Zno and rGO photocatalytic particles. The spectrum of PL, DRS and ERS indicate that the combination of rGO and ZnO on the s-GF can increase the separation of photo-generated carriers and the specific surface area of the air filter, thereby increasing the photocatalytic response and antibacterial properties of the s-GF air filter under visible light in a short time.</p> <p> </p>
Determination of complex refractive indices and optical properties of volcanic ashes in the thermal infrared based on generic petrological compositions: supplementary material
<p>This dataset contains supplementary material to the paper "Determination of complex refractive indices and optical properties of volcanic ashes in the thermal infrared based on generic petrological compositions", doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107174</p> <p>It contains a set of volcanic ash refractive indices and optical properties derived for certain microphysical properties.</p> <p>For more information please consider the manuscript or contact the authors.</p>
Multi-wavelength AGN Properties of Post-Merger Galaxies
<p>It’s well studied that galaxy mergers can have a profound impact on triggering both star formation and an Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN). The AGN is expected to quench star formation through “feedback” processes, by heating or expelling gas out of the galaxy, leaving behind a merger remnant. Unfortunately, confirming that mergers trigger AGN is observationally challenging, because AGN in different merger stages can have discrepant luminosities and lifetimes. In addition, a multi-wavelength approach is required to provide a complete census of AGN. Here I present results based on a volume limited (0.02<z<0.06, 10.5<logM<12.0), visually identified sample of post-merger galaxies from SDSS-DR14. I will describe the multi-wavelength AGN demographics of this sample using Chandra, XMM X-ray imaging, optical BPT diagnostics based on SDSS single-fiber spectra, WISE infrared color and VLA FIRST radio images. I will discuss plans to expand our analysis of the merger-AGN connection to post merger galaxies at higher redshift using the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope and other multi-wavelength data.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.