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1,742 results for “Activity data”
Data file for the paper: Colleen Jackson, Leonard Raymakers, Martijn Mulder and Anthony RJ Kucernak, "Assessing Electrocatalyst Hydrogen Activity and CO Tolerance: Comparison of Performance obtained using the High Mass Transport 'Floating Electrode' Technique and in Electrochemical Hydrogen Pumps", Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.118734
<p>This Excel spreadsheet contains the data used in generation of the figures in the paper</p> <p>Article title: Assessing Electrocatalyst Hydrogen Activity and CO Tolerance: Comparison of Performance obtained using the High Mass Transport 'Floating Electrode' Technique and in Electrochemical Hydrogen Pumps</p> <p>Journal title: Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2020</p> <p>Corresponding author: Professor ARJ Kucernak</p> <p>First author: Dr. C. Jackson</p> <p>First published version available online: 7-FEB-2020</p> <p>DOI information: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.118734</p> <p> </p>
Data: The effects of general fatigue induced by incremental exercise test and active recovery modes on energy cost, gait variability and stability in male soccer players
<p>Data, code, and movies for Mahaki et al. (2020); The effects of general fatigue induced by incremental exercise test and active recovery modes on energy cost, gait variability and stability in male soccer players. Published in The Journal of Biomechanics (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109823">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109823</a>).</p> <p><strong>Gas data</strong> - contains all Oxygen data plus a script to run the data.</p> <p> - Subjectxx - folder with oxygen data.</p> <p> - GasdataMohammad [type of file: MATLAB code (.m)] - script to analyze the oxygen data. The outcomes have been saved as RestECnet, PWSECnet, and IVTECnet [type of files: MATLAB data (.mat)].</p> <p> - EC_Stat_boxplot [type of file: MATLAB code (.m)] - script to statistically test the hypotheses in terms of energetic cost, to calculate the effect sizes of main effects of Time, Recovery and Interaction effect (Time vs Recovery) and to show the outcome in boxplot together with individual data points (The results have been presented in <strong>Fig 2.</strong>)</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Kinematic Data</strong> - contains all Kinematic data plus scripts to run the data:</p> <p> - Subjectxx - folder with kinematics data.</p> <p> - Rest_VAR [type of file: MATLAB code (.m)] - script to analyze the kinematics data in the Rest recovery session. The outcomes have been saved as RestVAR [type of file: MATLAB data (.mat)]. The corresponding plots, per subject & per trial, have been saved in the Plots folder.</p> <p> - PWS_VAR [type of file: MATLAB code (.m)] - script to analyze the kinematics data in the PWS recovery session. The outcomes have been saved as PWSVAR [type of file: MATLAB data (.mat)]. The corresponding plots, per subject & per trial, have been saved in the Plots folder.</p> <p> - IVT_VAR [type of file: MATLAB code (.m)] - script to analyze the kinematics data in the IVT recovery session. The outcomes have been saved as IVTVAR [type of file: MATLAB data (.mat)]. The corresponding plots, per subject & per trial, have been saved in the Plots folder.</p> <p> - VAR_Stat_boxplot [type of file: MATLAB code (.m)] - script to statistically test the hypotheses in terms of gait variability (VAR sagittal, frontal, and horizontal) and to show the outcome in boxplot together with individual data points (The results have been presented in <strong>Fig 3.</strong>).</p> <p> - VAR_Sagittal_Stat_boxplot [type of file: MATLAB code (.m)] - script to statistically test the hypotheses in terms of gait variability in sagittal plane, to calculate the effect sizes of main effects of Time, Recovery and Interaction effect (Time vs Recovery), and to show the outcome in boxplot together with individual data points.</p> <p> - VAR_Frontal_Stat_boxplot [type of file: MATLAB code (.m)] - script to statistically test the hypotheses in terms of gait variability in frontal plane, to calculate the effect sizes of main effects of Time, Recovery and Interaction effect (Time vs Recovery), and to show the outcome in boxplot together with individual data points.</p> <p> - VAR_Horizontal_Stat_boxplot [type of file: MATLAB code (.m)] - script to statistically test the hypotheses in terms of gait variability in horizontal plane, to calculate the effect sizes of main effects of Time, Recovery and Interaction effect (Time vs Recovery), and to show the outcome in boxplot together with individual data points.</p> <p> - normalizetimebase [type of file: MATLAB code (.m)] – function to normalize VAR from 0 to 100% of the gait cycle.</p> <p> - VAR_Sagittal [type of file: JASP/Jamovie files (.jasp/.omv)] - file to statistically test gait variability in sagittal plane. Imported data have been saved as VAR_Sagittal [type of file: Excell file (.csv)].</p> <p> - VAR_Frontal [type of file: JASP/Jamovie files (.jasp/.omv)] - file to statistically test gait variability in frontal plane. Imported data have been saved as VAR_Frontal [type of file: Excell files (.csv)].</p> <p> - VAR_Horizontal [type of file: JASP/Jamovie files (.jasp/.omv)] - file to statistically test gait variability in horizontal plane. Imported data have been saved as VAR_Horizontal [type of file: Excell file (.csv)].</p> <p> + Trunk Stability - folder includes all outcomes and codes in terms of gait stability:</p> <p> -Thoracic [type of file: Excell file (.xlsx)] - general file includes all outcomes in terms of gait stability.</p> <p> - LDS_Stat_boxplot [type of file: MATLAB code (.m)] - script to statistically test the hypotheses in terms of gait stability (λ sagittal, λ frontal, and λ horizontal) and to show the outcome in boxplot together with individual data points (The results have been presented in <strong>Fig 5.</strong>).</p> <p> - LDS_Sagittal_Stat_boxplot [type of file: MATLAB code (.m)] - script to statistically test the hypotheses inn terms of gait stability in sagittal plane, to calculate the effect sizes of main effects of Time, Recovery and Interaction effect (Time vs Recovery), and to show the outcome in boxplot together with individual data points.</p> <p> - LDS_Frontal_Stat_boxplot [type of file: MATLAB code (.m)] - script to statistically test the hypotheses in terms of gait stability in frontal plane, to calculate the effect sizes of main effects of Time, Recovery and Interaction effect (Time vs Recovery), and to show the outcome in boxplot together with individual data points.</p> <p> - LDS_Horizontal_Stat_boxplot [type of file: MATLAB code (.m)] - script to statistically test the hypotheses in terms of gait stability in horizontal plane, to calculate the effect sizes of main effects of Time, Recovery and Interaction effect (Time vs Recovery), and to show the outcome in boxplot together with individual data points.</p> <p> - Rest_LDS_Sagittal [type of file: Excell file (.xlsx)] - file includes LDS outcomes in the Rest recovery session and in the sagittal plane.</p> <p> - Rest_LDS_Frontal [type of file: Excell file (.xlsx)] - file includes LDS outcomes in the Rest recovery session and in the frontal plane.</p> <p> - Rest_LDS_Horizontal [type of file: Excell file (.xlsx)] - file includes LDS outcomes in the Rest recovery session and in the horizontal plane.</p> <p> - PWS_LDS_Sagittal [type of file: Excell file (.xlsx)] - file includes LDS outcomes in the PWS recovery session and in the sagittal plane.</p> <p> - PWS_LDS_Frontal [type of file: Excell file (.xlsx)] - file includes LDS outcomes in the PWS recovery session and in the frontal plane.</p> <p> - PWS_LDS_Horizontal [type of file: Excell file (.xlsx)] - file includes LDS outcomes in the PWS recovery session and in the horizontal plane.</p> <p> - IVT_LDS_Sagittal [type of file: Excell file (.xlsx)] - file includes LDS outcomes in the IVT recovery session and in the sagittal plane.</p> <p> - IVT_LDS_Frontal [type of file: Excell file (.xlsx)] - file includes LDS outcomes in the IVT recovery session and in the frontal plane.</p> <p> - IVT_LDS_Horizontal [type of file: Excell file (.xlsx)] - file includes LDS outcomes in the IVT recovery session and in the horizontal plane.</p> <p> - LDS_sagittal [type of files: JASP/Jamovie files (.jasp/.omv)] - file to statistically test gait stability in sagittal plane. Imported data have been saved as LDS_sagittal [type of file: Excell file (.csv)].</p> <p> - LDS_frontal [type of files: JASP/Jamovie files (.jasp/.omv)] - file to statistically test gait stability in frontal plane. Imported data have been saved as LDS_frontal [type of file: Excell file (.csv)].</p> <p> - LDS_horizontal [type of files: JASP/Jamovie file (.jasp/.omv)] - file to statistically test gait stability in horizontal plane. Imported data have been saved as LDS_horizontal [type of file: Excell file (.csv)].</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Movies</strong> –contains some movies [type of files: .mp4] to show the Noraxon calibration, IMUs placement on body segments, fatigue protocol, walking at PWS, and resting metabolic cost measurement.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>The characteristics of participants</strong> [type of file: Excell file (.xlsx)] – file includes 4 sheets:</p> <p> - Sheet 1 includes height (cm), weight (kg), age (year), BMI, and body fat percentage of each participant.</p> <p> - Sheets 2-4 include the physiological parameters of each participant during IVT, PWS, and Rest recovery modes. The physiological parameters such as Vo2, Vo2max, HR, and RER of each participant have been reported during rest (i.e. sitting position) and incremental exercise test.</p> <p> </p>
Data set for Neural-Network-Based Digital Predistortion for Active Antenna Arrays Under Load Modulation
<p>The dataset contains over-the-air measurements on a 64 active antenna array (Anokiwave AWMF-0129) operating at 28 GHz carrier frequency and transmitting a 200 MHz OFDM waveform with FFT size of 4096, 3168 active subcarriers, subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz and 5 times oversampling w.r.t the critical sampling rate. The dataset contains the I/Q samples of the TX waveform as well as the corresponding over-the-air received signals when the electrical beam is steered toward different beamforming directions. This dataset allows to observe and study the so-called beam-dependent load modulation, which is the phenomenon that causes the nonlinear characteristics of the antenna array to change with the beamforming direction. A Matlab script for data visualization is also provided.</p> <p>For further details please refer to the following papers:</p> <p>A. Brihuega <em>et al</em>., "Piecewise Digital Predistortion for mmWave Active Antenna Arrays: Algorithms and Measurements," in <em>IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques</em>, doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2020.2994311.</p> <p>A. Brihuega <em>et al</em>., “Neural-Network-Based Digital Predistortion for Active Antenna Arrays Under Load Modulation,” in <em>IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, </em>doi: 10.1109/LMWC.2020.3004003</p>
Data from: Climate, soil resources and microbial activity shape the distributions of mountain plants based on their functional traits
<p>While soil ecosystems undergo important modi cations due to global change, the e ect of soil properties on plant distributions is still poorly understood. Plant growth is not only controlled by soil physico-chemistry but also by microbial activities through the decomposition of organic matter and the recycling of nutrients essential for plants. A growing body of evidence also suggests that plant functional traits modulate spe- cies' response to environmental gradients. However, no study has yet contrasted the importance of soil physico-chemistry, microbial activities and climate on plant species distributions, while accounting for how plant functional traits can in uence species- speci c responses.</p> <p>Using hierarchical e ects in a multi-species distribution model, we investigate how<br> four functional traits related to resource acquisition (plant height, leaf carbon to nitro-<br> gen ratio, leaf dry matter content and speci c leaf area) modulate the response of<br> 44 plant species to climatic variables, soil physico-chemical properties and microbial 100 decomposition activity (i.e. exoenzymatic activities) in the French Alps.</p> <p>Our hierarchical trait-based model allowed to predict well 41 species according to the TSS statistic. In addition to climate, the combination of soil C/N, as a measure of organic matter quality, and exoenzymatic activity, as a measure of microbial decom- position activity, strongly improved predictions of plant distributions. Plant traits played an important role. In particular, species with conservative traits performed bet- ter under limiting nutrient conditions but were outcompeted by exploitative plants in more favorable environments.</p> <p>We demonstrate tight associations between microbial decomposition activity, plant functional traits associated to di erent resource acquisition strategies and plant dis- tributions. is highlights the importance of plant–soil linkages for mountain plant distributions. ese results are crucial for biodiversity modelling in a world where both climatic and soil systems are undergoing profound and rapid transformations.</p>
Data analysis on the healthcare personnel engaged in type 2 diabetes treatments and their communication activities as part of Co-exploration Activity 1
<p>This analysis compared the findings from two health-service guidelines and the feedback from the health professionals who participated in Co-design Activity 1 to delineate patient journeys through type 2 diabetes treatments. The patent journeys described the healthcare personnel (health professionals and auxiliary staff) engaged in the treatments, communication activities, and the relevant health contents they commonly deliver to diabetic patients.</p>
Data analyses of Co-exploration Activity 2
<p>These datasets are the appendices of the analyses for Co-exploration Activity 2 of Chininthorn's Ph.D. thesis. </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Smart bracelet to assess physical activity after cardiac surgery: a prospective study
<p><strong>Objectives</strong>: Little is known about the physical activity of patients after cardiac surgery. This study was designed to assess this activity using a connected bracelet. </p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: In this prospective, monocentric study, patients scheduled for cardiac surgery were offered to wear an electronic bracelet. The main objective was to measure the physical activity recovery. Secondary objectives were the predictors of the correct use of the monitoring system, of the physical recovery and, if any, the relationship between physical activity and out-of-hospital morbidity. </p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: One hundred patients were included. Most patients (86%) were interested in participating in the study. The compliance to the device and to the study protocol was good (94%). At discharge, the mean number of daily steps was 1454 ± 145 steps, increasing quite homogeneously, reaching 5801±1151 steps at Day 60. The best fit regression curve gave a maximum number of steps at 5897±119 (r²=0.97). The 85% level of activity was achieved at Day 30±3. No predictor of noncompliance was found. At discharge, age was independently associated with a lower number of daily steps (p <0.001). At Day 60, age, peripheral arterial disease and cardio-pulmonary bypass duration were independently associated with a lower number of daily steps (p=0.039, p=0.041 and p=0.033, respectively). </p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: After cardiac surgery, wearing a smart bracelet recording daily steps is simple, well tolerated and suitable for measuring physical activity. Standard patients achieved around 6000 daily steps 2 months after discharge. 85% of this activity is reached in the first month. </p>
Data from: Associations between testosterone and immune activity in alligators depend on bacteria species and temperature
<p>Males often use elaborate sexual traits to enhance reproduction, but can experience trade-offs between investment in these traits and other physiological needs. The immunocompetence handicap hypothesis (ICHH) postulates that testosterone supports development of sexual traits while also suppressing immunity. While the ICHH implicates testosterone-mediated immunosuppression as a key mechanism of honest signaling in males, conflicting patterns across studies suggest that testosterone-immunity interactions are complex. In this study, we test the ICHH in free-ranging alligators and examine how intrinsic (steroid hormone levels) and extrinsic (temperature) factors modulate testosterone-immunity relationships. Specifically, we quantified simultaneous effects of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on killing capacity of plasma against three bacteria species at two challenge temperatures. We found that DHEA was important in predicting the effects of testosterone on killing capacity. Further, testosterone-mediated effects were dependent on both temperature and bacteria species. Our results highlight the context dependency of interactions between testosterone and immunity, and illustrate the importance of evaluating the ICHH in natural systems to identify key intrinsic and extrinsic factors mediating testosterone-immunity trade-offs.</p>
RNA-seq data from TAS4464, a NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor, activates both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways via c-Myc-mediated regulation in acute myeloid leukemia
<p class="BDAbstract"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>TAS4464, a potent, selective small molecule NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor, leads to inactivation of cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) and consequent accumulations of its substrate proteins. Here, we investigated the antitumor properties and action mechanism of TAS4464 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). TAS4464 induced apoptotic cell death in various AML cell lines. TAS4464 treatments resulted in the activation of both the caspase-9-mediated in intrinsic apoptotic pathway and caspase-8-mediated extrinsic apoptotic pathway in AML cells; combined treatment with inhibitors of these caspases markedly diminished TAS4464 induced apoptosis. In each apoptotic pathway, TAS4464 induced the mRNA transcription of the intrinsic proapoptotic factor NOXA and decreased that of the extrinsic antiapoptotic factor c-FLIP. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that the signaling pathway of the CRL substrate c-Myc was enriched after TAS4464 treatment. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay revealed that TAS4464 induced c-Myc bound to the <i>PMAIP1</i> (encoding NOXA) and <i>CFLAR</i> (encoding c-FLIP) promoter regions, and siRNA-mediated c-Myc knockdown neutralized both TAS4464-mediated NOXA induction and c-FLIP downregulation. TAS4464 activated both caspase-8 and caspase-9 along with an increase in NOXA and a decrease in c-FLIP, resulting in complete tumor remission in a human AML xenograft model. These findings suggest that NAE inhibition leads to anti-AML activity via a novel c-Myc-dependent apoptosis induction mechanism.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Down-regulation of CXCL12/CXCR4 expression alleviates ischemia-reperfusion-induced inflammatory pain via inhibiting glial TLR4 activation in the spinal cord
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is important for the pathogenesis of inflammatory reactions and the promotion of pain processing after ischemia/reperfusion (IR) in spinal cord. Recently, C-X-C chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and its receptor, C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), were demonstrated to be simultaneously critical for inflammatory reactions, thereby facilitating glial activation. However, whether CXCL12/CXCR4 expression can contribute to IR-induced inflammatory pain via spinal TLR4 remained unclear. A rat model was established by 8 min of aortic arch occlusion. The effects of CXCL12/CXCR4 expression and TLR4 activation on inflammatory hyperalgesia were investigated by pretreatments with CXCL12-neutralizing antibody, CXCR4 antagonist (AMD3100) and TLR4 antagonist (TAK-242) for 5 consecutive days before surgery. The results indicated that IR induced significant and sustained inflammatory pain, observed as decreases in paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL), throughout the post-injury period. The increased levels of TLR4 and proinflammatory chemokine CXCL12, as well as its receptor, CXCR4, were closely correlated with the PWT and PWL trends. Double immunostaining further suggested that TLR4, which is mainly expressed on astrocytes and microglia, was closely co-localized with CXCL12 and CXCR4 in spinal dorsal horn. As expected, intrathecal pretreatment with the TLR4 antagonist, TAK-242 markedly ameliorated pain by inhibiting astrocytic and microglial activation, as shown by decreases in TLR4 immunoreactivity and the percentage of double-labeled cells. These protective effects were likely due in part to the reduced production of the downstream cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, as well as for the recruitment of CXCL12 and CXCR4. Additionally, intrathecal pretreatment with CXCL12-neutralizing antibody and AMD3100 resulted in similar analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects as those receiving TAK-242 pretreatment. These results suggest that intrathecal blockade of CXCL12/CXCR4 expression may attenuate IR-induced pain sensation and the release of inflammatory cytokines by limiting glial TLR4 activation in spinal cord.
Data from: High throughput sequencing reveals alterations in the recombination signatures with diminishing spo11 activity
Spo11 is the topoisomerase-like enzyme responsible for the induction of the meiosis-specific double strand breaks (DSBs), which initiate the recombination events responsible for proper chromosome segregation. Nineteen PCR-induced alleles of SPO11 were identified and characterized genetically and cytologically. Recombination, spore viability and synaptonemal complex (SC) formation were decreased to varying extents in these mutants. Arrest by ndt80 restored these events in two severe hypomorphic mutants, suggesting that ndt80-arrested nuclei are capable of extended DSB activity. While crossing-over, spore viability and synaptonemal complex (SC) formation defects correlated, the extent of such defects was not predictive of the level of heteroallelic gene conversions (prototrophs) exhibited by each mutant. High throughput sequencing of tetrads from spo11 hypomorphs revealed that gene conversion tracts associated with COs are significantly longer and gene conversion tracts unassociated with COs are significantly shorter than in wild type. By modeling the extent of these tract changes, we could account for the discrepancy in genetic measurements of prototrophy and crossover association. These findings provide an explanation for the unexpectedly low prototroph levels exhibited by spo11 hypomorphs and have important implications for genetic studies that assume an unbiased recovery of prototrophs, such as measurements of CO homeostasis. Our genetic and physical data support previous observations of DSB-limited meioses, in which COs are disproportionally maintained over NCOs (CO homeostasis).
Data from: Speed dependency in α-motoneuron activity and locomotor modules in human locomotion: indirect evidence for phylogenetically conserved spinal circuits
Coordinated locomotor muscle activity is generated by the spinal central pattern generators (CPGs). Vertebrate studies have demonstrated the following two characteristics of the speed control mechanisms of the spinal CPGs: (i) rostral segment activation is indispensable for achieving high-speed locomotion; and (ii) specific combinations between spinal interneuronal modules and motoneuron (MN) pools are sequentially activated with increasing speed. Here, to investigate whether similar control mechanisms exist in humans, we examined spinal neural activity during varied-speed locomotion by mapping the distribution of MN activity in the spinal cord and extracting locomotor modules, which generate basic MN activation patterns. The MN activation patterns and the locomotor modules were analysed from multi-muscle electromyographic recordings. The reconstructed MN activity patterns were divided into the following three patterns depending on the speed of locomotion: slow walking, fast walking and running. During these three activation patterns, the proportion of the activity in rostral segments to that in caudal segments increased as locomotion speed increased. Additionally, the different MN activation patterns were generated by distinct combinations of locomotor modules. These results are consistent with the speed control mechanisms observed in vertebrates, suggesting phylogenetically conserved spinal mechanisms of neural control of locomotion.
Data from: Curcumin improves glycolipid metabolism through regulating peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ signalling pathway in high-fat diet-induced obese mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes
Curcumin, an active component derived from the Curcuma longa L. which is a traditional Chinese medicine that is widely used for treating metabolic diseases through regulating different molecular pathway. Here, in this study, we aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of curcumin on glycolipid metabolism in vivo and in vitro and then determine the underlying mechanism. Male C57BL/6J obese mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used in vivo and in vitro study, respectively. Our results demonstrated that treatment with curcumin for 8 weeks decreased body weight, fat mass and serum lipid profiles. Meanwhile, it lowered fasting blood glucose and increased the insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet induced obese mice. In addition, curcumin stimulated lipolysis and improve glycolipid through upregulating the expressions of ATGL, HSL, PPARγ, C/EBPα and PPARα in adipose tissue of the mice. In differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, curcumin reduced glycerol release and increased glucose uptake via upregulating PPARγ and C/EBPα. We concluded that curcumin has potential to improve glycolipid metabolism disorders caused by obesity through regulating PPARγ signaling pathway.
Data from: Paternal personality and social status influence offspring activity in zebrafish
Background: Evidence for the transmission of non-genetic information from father to offspring is rapidly accumulating. While the impact of chemical and physical factors such as toxins or diet on the fitness of the parents and their offspring have been studied extensively, the importance of behavioural and social circumstances has only recently been recognised. Behavioural traits such as personality characteristics can be relatively stable, and partly comprise a genetic component but we know little about the non-genetic transmission of plastic behavioural traits from parents to offspring. We investigated the relative effect of personality and of social dominance as indicators at the opposite ends of the plasticity range on offspring behaviour in the zebrafish (Danio rerio). We assessed male boldness, a behavioural trait that has previously been shown previously to possess genetic underpinnings, and experimentally manipulated male social status to assess the association between the two types of behaviour and their correlation with offspring activity. Results: We found a clear interaction between the relatively stable and putative genetic effects based on inherited differences in personality and the experimentally induced epigenetic effects from changes in the social status of the father on offspring activity. Conclusions: Our study shows that offspring behaviour is determined by a combination of paternal personality traits and non-genetic effects derived from the social status of the father.
Data from: Complex spike synchrony dependent modulation of rat deep cerebellar nuclear activity
The rules determining cerebellar output are not fully understood, but must involve Purkinje cell activity (PCs), as PCs are the major input to deep cerebellar nuclear (DCN) cells (which form the majority of cerebellar output). Here, the influence of PC complex spikes (CSs) was investigated by simultaneously recording DCN activity with CSs from PC arrays in anesthetized rats. Crosscorrelograms were used to identify PCs that were presynaptic to recorded DCN cells (presynaptic PCs). Such PCs were located within rostrocaudal cortical strips and displayed synchronous CS activity. CS-associated modulation of DCN activity included a short-latency post-CS inhibition and long-latency excitations before and after the CS. The amplitudes of the post-CS responses correlated with the level of synchronization among presynaptic PCs. A temporal precision of {less than or equal to} 10 ms was generally required for CSs to be maximally effective. The results suggest that CS synchrony is a key control parameter of cerebellar output.Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
Data from: Active site loop conformation regulates promiscuous activity in a lactonase from Geobacillus kaustophilus HTA426
Enzyme promiscuity is a prerequisite for fast divergent evolution of biocatalysts. A phosphotriesterase-like lactonase (PLL) from Geobacillus kaustophilus HTA426 (GkaP) exhibits main lactonase and promiscuous phosphotriesterase activities. To understand its catalytic and evolutionary mechanisms, we investigated a "hot spot" in the active site by saturation mutagenesis as well as X-ray crystallographic analyses. We found that position 99 in the active site was involved in substrate discrimination. One mutant, Y99L, exhibited 11-fold improvement over wild-type in reactivity (kcat/Km) toward the phosphotriesterase substrate ethyl-paraoxon, but showed 15-fold decrease toward the lactonase substrate δ-decanolactone, resulting in a 157-fold inversion of the substrate specificity. Structural analysis of Y99L revealed that the mutation causes a ~6.6 Å outward shift of adjacent loop 7, which may cause increased flexibility of the active site and facilitate accommodation and/or catalysis of organophosphate substrate. This study provides for the PLL family an example of how the evolutionary route from promiscuity to specificity can derive from very few mutations, which promotes alteration in the conformational adjustment of the active site loops, in turn draws the capacity of substrate binding and activity.
Data from: PCB126 inhibits the activation of AMPK-CREB signal transduction required for energy sensing in liver
3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126), a dioxin-like PCB, elicits toxicity through a wide array of non-carcinogenic effects, including metabolic syndrome, wasting, and non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD). Previously, we reported decreases in the transcription of several enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis, before the early onset of lipid accumulation. Hence, this study was aimed at understanding the impact of resultant decreases gluconeogenic enzymes on growth, weight and metabolism in the liver, upon extended exposure. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (75-100 g), fed a defined AIN-93G diet, were injected (ip) with single dose of soy oil (5 ml/kg body weight; n=14) or PCB126 (5 µmol/kg; n=15), 28 d, prior euthanasia. A subset of rats from each group were fasted for 12h (vehicle (n=6) and PCB126 (n=4)). Rats only showed significant weight loss between days 14 and 28 (P<0.05) and some mortality (P=0.0413). As in our previous studies, the expression levels of enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis (Pepck-c, G6Pase, Sds, Pc and Ldh-A) and glycogenolysis (Pygl) were strongly downregulated. The decreased expression of these enzymes in PCB126 treated rats after a 12 h fast decreased hepatic glucose production from glycogen and gluconeogenic substrates, exacerbating the hypoglycemia. Additionally, PCB126 caused hepatic steatosis and decreased the expression of the transcription factor Pparα and its targets, necessary for fatty-acid oxidation. The observed metabolic disruption across multiple branches of fasting metabolism resulted from inhibition in the activation of enzyme AMPK and transcription factor CREB signaling, necessary for "sensing" energy-deprivation and the induction of enzymes that respond to the PCB126 triggered fuel crisis in liver.
Data from: Predicting Stroop effect from spontaneous neuronal activity: a study of regional homogeneity
The Stroop effect is one of the most robust and well-studied phenomena in cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience. However, little is known about the relationship between intrinsic brain activity and the individual differences of this effect. In the present study, we explored this issue by examining whether resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) signals could predict individual differences in the Stroop effect of healthy individuals. A partial correlation analysis was calculated to examine the relationship between regional homogeneity (ReHo) and Stroop effect size, while controlling for age, sex, and framewise displacement (FD). The results showed positive correlations in the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG), the left insula, the ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC), and the medial frontal gyrus (MFG), and negative correlation in the left precentral gyrus (LPG). These results indicate the possible influences of the LIFG, the left insula, and the LPG on the efficiency of cognitive control, and demonstrate that the key nodes of default mode network (DMN) may be important in goal-directed behavior and/or mental effort during cognitive control tasks.
Data from: Validation of the Regicor short physical activity questionnaire for the adult population
Objective: To develop and validate a short questionnaire to estimate physical activity (PA) practice and sedentary behavior for the adult population. Methods: The short questionnaire was developed using data from a cross-sectional population-based survey (n=6352) that included the Minnesota leisure-time PA questionnaire. Activities that explained a significant proportion of the variability of population PA practice were identified. Validation of the short questionnaire included a cross-sectional component to assess validity with respect to the data collected by accelerometers and a longitudinal component to assess reliability and sensitivity to detect changes (n=114, aged 35 to 74 years). Results: Six types of activities that accounted for 87% of population variability in PA estimated with the Minnesota questionnaire were selected. The short questionnaire estimates energy expenditure in total PA and by intensity (light, moderate, vigorous), and includes 2 questions about sedentary behavior and a question about occupational PA. The short questionnaire showed high reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging between 0.79 to 0.95. The Spearman correlation coefficients between estimated energy expenditure obtained with the questionnaire and the number of steps detected by the accelerometer were as follows: 0.36 for total PA, 0.40 for moderate intensity, and 0.26 for vigorous intensity. The questionnaire was sensitive to detect changes in moderate and vigorous PA (correlation coefficients ranging from 0.26 to 0.34). Conclusion: The REGICOR short questionnaire is reliable, valid, and sensitive to detect changes in moderate and vigorous PA. This questionnaire could be used in daily clinical practice and epidemiological studies.
Data from: Endocrine and metabolic disorders in survivors of childhood cancers and health-related quality of life and physical activity
Context: Childhood cancer survivors experience chronic health conditions that impact health related quality of life (HRQOL) and participation in optimal physical activity. Objective: The study aimed to determine independent effects of endocrine and metabolic disorders on HRQOL and physical activity. Design, Setting, and Patients: Retrospective cohort with longitudinal follow-up of survivors of childhood cancer enrolled in the North American Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Main Outcome Measures: Medical Outcomes Short Form-36 estimated HRQOL while participation in physical activity was dichotomized as meeting or not meeting recommendations from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Log binomial regression evaluated the association of each endocrine/metabolic disorder with HRQOL scales and physical activity. Results: Of 7,287 survivors, median age 32 years (18-54) at their last follow-up survey, 4,884 (67%) reported one or more endocrine/metabolic disorders. Survivors with either disorder were significantly more likely to be male, older, received radiation treatment, and experience other chronic health conditions. After controlling for covariates, survivors with any endocrine/metabolic disorder were more likely to report poor physical function risk ratio ([RR] 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.48), increased bodily pain (RR 1.27; CI 1.12-1.44), poor general health (RR 1.49; CI 1.32-1.68) and lower vitality (RR 1.21; CI 1.09-1.34) compared to survivors without. The likelihood of meeting recommended physical activity was lower among survivors with growth disorders (RR 0.90; CI=0.83-0.97), osteoporosis (RR 0.87; CI=0.76-0.99), and overweight/obesity (RR 0.92; CI 0.88-0.96). Conclusion: Endocrine and metabolic disorders are independently associated with poor HRQOL and sub-optimal physical activity among childhood cancer survivors.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.