Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
3,484
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
3,484 results for “Plastic”
Data from: Shoaling in the Trinidadian guppy: Costs, benefits, and plasticity in response to an ambush predator
<p><span>Shoaling, the formation of social groupings in fish, can provide benefits including reduced predation risk. However, it can also inflict costs including increased competition for resources, transmission of parasites, and salience to predators. Trinidadian guppies exhibit inter-population variation in shoaling behavior where individuals coexisting with large piscivorous predators (high predation localities) spend most of their time in shoals and those coexisting with an ambush predator, <em>Rivulus hartii</em> (recently, <em>Anablepsoides hartii</em>), that preys primarily on smaller guppies (low predation localities) do not. It has been suggested that this predator selects for reduced shoaling because doing so reduces salience to the predator. Here, as far as we know, we perform the first test of this idea. First, we investigated the effectiveness of shoaling in encounters with this predator. In survival trials, where one <em>rivulus </em>interacted with a group of guppies, we found that the predator was more likely to attack individuals in shoals than singletons. However, we also found that attacks directed at shoals were less likely to succeed. This suggests that the optimal strategy for guppies co-existing with this predator is to reduce shoaling to reduce the probability of being attacked, and to form shoals when an attack is initiated. We then asked if guppies modified their shoaling behavior in response to visual and olfactory cues from this predator during development. We found changes in guppy behavior in response to the treatment: guppies increased shoaling behavior when there was heightened risk of predation.</span></p>
Modeling Sequences of Earthquakes and Aseismic Slip (SEAS) in Elasto-Plastic Fault Zones With a Hybrid Finite Element Spectral Boundary Integral Scheme
<p>This repository contains the results of 2D simulations of the earthquake cycles accounting for off-fault plasticity.</p> <p>Folder Case1 contains the slip rate and time history for all simulations with cohesion c = 47 MPa</p> <p>Folder Case2 contains the slip rate and time history for all simulations with cohesion c = 25 MPa</p> <p>the mat files contain equivalent plastic strain of each element stored at the start and end of each event with element connectivity and node coordinates.</p>
Data for a scoping study on the plastic value chain in India
<p>This is a dataset with the bibliographic information on the literature used for a scoping study on the plastic value chain in India.</p>
High-resolution imaging and manipulation of endogenous AMPA receptor surface mobility during synaptic plasticity and learning
<p><span>Data set for the MS</span></p>
Data for: Plasticity and co-variation of root traits govern phosphorus acquisition among 20 wheat genotypes
<p>Trait plasticity (variation of a trait under environmental variability or gradients) and trait integration are both crucial for plant adaption to environmental change. Variations in different suite of root traits such as biomass allocation, morphology and physiology underlie diverse phosphorus (P) acquisition strategies among plants. Yet, how the intraspecific plasticity and integration of root traits influence plant adaptation to different P supply remains obscure. To characterize diverse adaptive strategies in relation to plant P acquisition, eight root traits were assessed in 20 wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) genotypes grown in a culture room with low and high P supply. High P supply increased shoot P accumulation and biomass of all wheat genotypes. The shoot P accumulation in genotypes with high P sensitivity (PS: calculated as shoot P content at low P / shoot P content at high P supply) was higher with high P supply and lower with low P supply compared with that in the genotypes with low PS. The high-PS genotypes exhibited larger variation in root length, root/shoot ratio and rhizosphere pH across P supplies than the low-PS genotypes, suggesting an integrated response at the whole-plant level. At low P supply, the high-PS genotypes had greater root length and specific root length, but lower acid phosphatase activity than the low-PS genotypes, which suggests contrasting P-acquisition strategies across the genotypes. Strong co-variation of root traits occurred across low-PS genotypes regardless of P supply; conversely, the high-PS genotypes only exhibited strong trait integration at low P supply, whereas high P supply sharply reduced root trait co-variation. Our findings suggest that P stress may strengthen root trait integration in wheat plants, and that both plasticity and integration of root traits drive plant adaptive strategies and tolerance to P-deficiency stress.</p>
Survey of customers' perception and adoption with the mandatory plastic bag charging in Japan
<p>We conducted a questionnaire survey of 218 persons of 10s to 60s in Japan via the internet from 11<sup>th</sup> to 14<sup>th</sup>, December 2020, and obtained 200 valid answers. We grouped the respondents according to the adoption of the reduction to use plastic bags; 100 of those answered that they have reduced to use plastic bags (Group 1), 100 of those answered no behavior changes with charging (Group 2). Questionnaire includes questions related to the attempt to reduce plastic shopping bags, observing others' behavior, reuse behavior, pro-environmental habit, environmental risk perception, and a sense of community. We asked the respondents to state to what extent they carry out or concerned about above questions with 5-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).</p>
Supporting data and code for "A new look at the potential role of marine plastic debris as a global vector of toxic benthic algae".
<p>R code and dataset for: Leite I.P., Menegotto A., Lana P.C. & Mafra Jr LL. 2022. A new look at the potential role of marine plastic debris as a global vector of toxic benthic algae. Science of the Total Environment, 838, 156262.</p>
Morphological canalization, integration, and plasticity in response to population density in Abutilon theophrasti : Influences of soil conditions and growth stages
<p>Phenotypic integration and developmental canalization have been hypothesized to constrain the degree of phenotypic plasticity, but little evidence exists, probably due to the lack in studies on the relationships among the three processes, especially for plants under different environments. We conducted a field experiment by subjecting plants of <i>Abutilon theophrasti</i> to three densities, under infertile and fertile soil conditions, and analyzing correlations among canalization, integration, and plasticity in a variety of measured morphological traits after 50 and 70 d, to investigate the relationships among the three variables in response to density and how these responses vary with soil conditions and growth stages. Results showed trait canalization decreased, phenotypic integration and the degree of plasticity (absolute plasticity) in traits increased with density. Phenotypic integration often positively correlated with absolute plasticity; whereas correlations between trait canalization and plasticity were insignificant in most cases, with a few positive ones between canalization and absolute plasticity at low and medium densities. As plants grew, these correlations intensified in infertile soil and attenuated in fertile soil. Our findings suggested the complexity of the relationship between canalization and plasticity: decreased canalization is more likely to facilitate active plastic responses under more favorable conditions; whereas increased level of integration should mainly be an outcome of plastic responses. Soil conditions and growth stage may affect responses of these correlations to density via modifying plant size, competition strength and plastic responses in traits. We also predicted that decreased canalization can be advantageous or disadvantageous, and the lack of response to stress may demonstrate a stronger ability of adaptation than passive response, thus should be adaptive plasticity as active response.</p>
The acclimatory response of the mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer to dilute conditions is linked to the plasticity of sodium transport
<p><span>Relative to a growing body of knowledge about the negative consequences of freshwater salinization, little is known about how aquatic insects respond to progressively ion poor conditions. Here, we examined life-history and physiological acclimation in <em>N. triangulifer</em> by rearing larvae from 1 day post egg hatch to adulthood across a gradient of decreasing salinities (15, 8, 4, 2 and 1 mg L-1 Na). We found no significant changes in survival, growth, development time and whole-body Na content across these treatments. Radiotracer data revealed that larvae acclimated to their dilute exposures by increasing their rates of Na uptake and were able to maintain a relatively narrow range of uptake rates (± SEM) of 38.5 ± 4.2 µg Na g-1 hr-1 across all treatments. In contrast, the Na uptake rates observed in naïve larvae were much more concentration dependent. This acclimatory response is partially explained by differences in ionocyte counts on the gills of larvae reared under different salinities. Acclimated larvae were surprisingly less retentive of their sodium composition when subjected to deionized water challenge. By contrasting our findings with a previous N. triangulifer salinity acclimation study, we show a physiological affinity for dilute conditions in this emerging mayfly model.</span></p>
Evolutionary divergence in phenotypic plasticity shapes brain size variation between coexisting sunfish ecotypes
<p>Mechanisms that generate brain size variation and the consequences of such variation on ecological performance are poorly understood in most natural animal populations. We use a reciprocal-transplant common garden experiment and foraging performance trials to test for brain size plasticity and the functional consequences of brain size variation in Pumpkinseed sunfish (<em>Lepomis gibbosus</em>) ecotypes that have diverged between nearshore littoral and offshore pelagic lake habitats. Different age-classes of wild-caught juveniles from both habitats were exposed for six months to treatments that mimicked littoral and pelagic foraging. Plastic responses in oral jaw size suggested that treatments mimicked natural habitat-specific foraging conditions. Plastic brain size responses to foraging manipulations differed between ecotypes, as only pelagic sourced fish showed brain size plasticity. Only pelagic juveniles under 1 year-old expressed this plastic response, suggesting that plastic brain size responses decline with age and so may be irreversible. Finally, larger brain size was associated with enhanced foraging performance on live benthic but not pelagic prey, providing the first experimental evidence of a relationship between brain size and prey-specific foraging performance in fishes. The recent post-glacial origin of these ecotypes suggests that brain size plasticity can rapidly evolve and diverge in fish under contrasting ecological conditions.</p>
Data from: Identification of candidate loci for adaptive phenotypic plasticity in natural populations of spadefoot toads
<p>Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to alter their phenotype in direct response to changes in the environment. Despite growing recognition of plasticity's role in ecology and evolution, few studies have probed plasticity's molecular bases—especially using natural populations. We investigated the genetic basis of phenotypic plasticity in natural populations of spadefoot toads (<i>Spea multiplicata</i>). <i>Spea</i> tadpoles normally develop into an 'omnivore' morph that is favored in long-lasting, low-density ponds. However, if tadpoles consume freshwater shrimp or other tadpoles, they can develop (via plasticity) into a 'carnivore' morph that is favored in shallow, high-density ponds. By combining natural variation in pond ecology and morph production with population genetic approaches, we identified candidate loci associated with morph (carnivores versus omnivores) and loci associated with adaptive phenotypic plasticity (adaptive versus maladaptive morph choice). Our candidate morph loci mapped to two genes, whereas our candidate plasticity loci mapped to 12 genes. In both cases, the identified genes tended to have functions related to their putative role in spadefoot tadpole biology. Our results thereby form the basis for future studies into the molecular mechanisms that mediate plasticity in spadefoots. More generally, these results illustrate how diverse loci might be deployed to mediate adaptive plasticity.</p>
Data from: Plasticity drives extreme cold tolerance of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) during a polar vortex
<p>Invasive species must often survive combinations of environmental conditions that differ considerably from their native range; however, for a given species it is unclear whether improved tolerance is the result of phenotypic plasticity or genetic adaptation (or both).</p> <p><em>Agrilus planipennis</em> (Coleoptera: Buprestidae; the emerald ash borer) is an invasive pest of <em>Fraxinus</em> trees in North America and Europe. Previous studies in southwestern Ontario, Canada, showed that <em>A. planipennis</em> is freeze avoidant, preventing internal ice formation by accumulating molar concentrations of glycerol in its hemolymph and depressing its supercooling point (SCP, the temperature at which it freezes). The cold tolerance of these southwestern Ontario animals was used to predict potential distribution, revealing that some Canadian cities should be too cold to allow populations to persist. However, a small population of <em>A. planipennis</em> has persisted in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, through several severe 'polar vortex' events.</p> <p>In 2018/19, we collected <em>A. planipennis</em> larvae and prepupae from Winnipeg, Manitoba and Southern Ontario, and found that individuals from Winnipeg were extremely cold tolerant – with SCPs as low as -52 °C in prepupae (compared to 32 °C in Southern Ontario), and survival of unfrozen individuals exposed to -50 °C for one hour. This cold tolerance was accompanied by higher hemolymph osmolality and glycerol concentration than in the SW Ontario individuals. To distinguish between phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation, in 2020/21 we overwintered Winnipeg-sourced individuals either outdoors in southwestern Ontario or in a simulated Winnipeg winter. Simulated Winnipeg winter individuals had cold tolerance similar to those overwintered in Winnipeg, while southwestern Ontario overwintered individuals had cold tolerance similar to those collected previously in the region. The simulated winter individuals had higher hemolymph glycerol concentrations than southwestern Ontario overwintered animals, at least in part due to greater dehydration. Thus, <em>A. planipennis</em> are cold-tolerant enough to survive some of the harshest winters where their host trees can grow, and most likely attain this cold tolerance via phenotypic plasticity. These findings raise the importance of delineating sensitivity of conclusions to unexpected phenotypic plasticity when predicting potential distributions of new invasives or responses to climate change.</p> <p>The data in this dataset are the SCPs and treatment data for the experimental animals used in these cold tolerance experiments. </p>
Dataset of Rapid adaptive responses of rosette-type macrophyte Vallisneria natans juveniles to varying water depths: The role of leaf trait plasticity
<p>Rosette-type submerged macrophytes are widely distributed across a range of water depths in shallow lakes and play a key role in maintaining ecosystem structures and functions. However, little is known about the rapid adaptive responses of such macrophytes to variations in water depth, especially at the juvenile stage. Here, we conducted a short term <i>in situ</i> mesocosm experiment, in which the juveniles of <i>Vallisneria natans</i> were exposed to a water depth gradient ranging from 20 to 360 cm. Twenty-two leaf-related traits were examined after four weeks of growth in a shallow lake. Most (18) traits of <i>V. natans</i> generally showed high plasticity in relation to water depth. Specifically, juveniles allocated more biomass to leaves, and had higher specific leaf area, leaf length to width ratio, chlorophyll content, and carotenoids content in deep waters, displaying trait syndrome associated with high resource acquisition. In contrast, <i>V. natans</i> juveniles in shallow waters had higher leaf dry matter content, leaf soluble carbohydrate content, carotenoids per unit chlorophyll, and peroxidase activity, pertaining to resource conservation. Notably, underwater light intensity was found to be the key factor explaining the trait plasticity along the water depth gradient, and 1.30 mol photons m<sup>–2</sup> d<sup>–1 </sup>(at 270 cm) could be the optimal irradience level based on the total biomass of <i>V. natans</i> juveniles. The present study highlights the significance of leaf trait plasticity for rosette-type macrophytes in response to variations in water depth, and sheds new light on the differences between trade-offs in deep- and shallow-water areas.</p>
Data from: A camera trap based assessment of climate-driven phenotypic plasticity of seasonal moulting in an endangered carnivore
<p>For many species, the ability to rapidly adapt to changes in seasonality is essential for long-term survival. In the Arctic, seasonal moulting is a key life history event that provides year-round camouflage and thermal protection. However, increased seasonal variability can lead to phenological mismatch. In this study, we investigated whether winter-white (white morph) and winter-brown (blue morph) Arctic foxes (<em>Vulpes lagopus</em>) could adjust their winter-to-summer moult to match local environmental conditions. We used camera trap images spanning an eight-year period to quantify the timing and rate of fur change in a polymorphic subpopulation in south-central Norway. Seasonal snow cover duration and temperature governed the phenology of the spring moult. We observed a later onset and longer moulting duration with decreasing temperature and longer snow season. Additionally, white foxes moulted earlier than blue in years with shorter periods of snow cover and warmer temperatures. These results suggest that phenotypic plasticity allows Arctic foxes to modulate the timing and rate of their spring moult as snow conditions and temperatures fluctuate. With the Arctic warming at an unprecedented rate, understanding the capacity of polar species to physiologically adapt to a changing environment is urgently needed in order to develop adaptive conservation efforts. Moreover, we provide the first evidence for variations in the moulting phenology of blue and white Arctic foxes. Our study underlines the different intraspecific selective pressures that can exist in populations where several morphs co-occur, and illustrates the importance of integrating morph-based differences in future management strategies of such polymorphic species.</p>
Plastic Litter Project 2021 dataset
<p>The dataset contains Sentinel-2 multispectral, UAS RGB and UAS hyperspectral data, along with the corresponding orthophoto maps and ancillary data, acquired during the PLP2021 data acquisition campaign, using artificial floating targets. The field campaign took place in the Gulf of Gera, in the Island of Lesvos, in Greece, by the Marine Remote Sensing Group from the University of the Aegean's department of Marine Sciences from June to October 2021. The campaign was funded by the Discovery Element of the European Space Agency’s Basic Activities (ESA Contract No. 4000131040/20/NL/GLC).</p> <p>Data description:</p> <p>- Each folder corresponds to a specific acquisition designated by date in the Sentinel-2 product format.</p> <p>- Folder contents:<br> -- Sentinel-2 Level-1C product.<br> -- ACOLITE atmospherically corrected product (.netcdf format).<br> -- Orthophoto map of the deployment area where available (.tiff format).<br> -- UAS RGB or field image file showing target configuration for given date where available (.jpeg format).</p> <p>- The ancillary_data_log.pdf contains a table with ancillary data measurements taken during each Sentinel-2 acquisition.</p>
Fig. 1 in Molecular Phylogeny of the Notomicrine Water Beetles (Coleoptera: Noteridae) Reveals Signatures of Gondwanan Vicariance and Ecological Plasticity
Fig. 1. Phylogeny of Notomicrinae recovered by Maximum Likelihood analysis of 'Full' dataset in IQ-Tree2 with species groups indicated. Nodes with single black boxes indicate strong support in all analyses.Variable support across analyses is indicated by colored boxes as indicated by keys on left.Top key indicates respective analysis and dataset, Maximum Likelihood (ML) on left, Bayesian inference (BI) on right; 'Full' and 'Trimmed' indicate dataset; and lowest box indicates support recovered by divergence time estimate (DTE 'Trimmed') in BEAST2 with preferred prior models. Lower key indicates support by color for UltraFastBoot support (ML) and Posterior probability (PP) values. Inset depicts 'traili' branch expanded to show structure.
Fig. 2 in Molecular Phylogeny of the Notomicrine Water Beetles (Coleoptera: Noteridae) Reveals Signatures of Gondwanan Vicariance and Ecological Plasticity
Fig. 2. Divergence time estimate and ancestral range reconstruction of Notomicrinae. Ancestral ranges recovered by DIVALIKE analysis in BioGeoBears with preferred divergence time estimate recovered by BEAST 2. Boxes on nodes indicate most probable ancestral area states with color correlating to left key; circles indicate differing result recovered from DEC analysis. Numbers on nodes correlate toTable 3. Maps indicate continental landmasses at respective ages, reproduced from Cao et al. (2017) with G-Plates (Müller et al. 2018).
Evolutionary and plastic variation in larval growth and digestion reveal the complex underpinnings of size and age at maturation in dung beetles
<p>Age and size at maturity are key life history components, yet the proximate underpinnings that mediate intra- and interspecific variation in life history remain poorly understood. We studied the proximate underpinnings of species differences and nutritionally plastic variation in adult size and development time in four species of dung beetles. Specifically, we investigated how variation in insect growth mediates adult size variation, tested whether fast juvenile growth trades-off with developmental stability in adult morphology, and quantified plastic responses of digestive systems to variation in food quality. Contrary to the common size-development time trade-off, the largest species exhibited by far the shortest development time. Correspondingly, species diverged strongly in the shape of growth trajectories. Nutritionally plastic adjustments to growth were qualitatively similar between species but differed in magnitude. Although we expected rapid growth to induce developmental costs, neither instantaneous growth rates nor the duration of larval growth were related to developmental stability in the adult. This renders the putative costs of rapid growth enigmatic. We further found that larvae that encounter a challenging diet develop a larger midgut and digest more slowly than animals reared on a more nutritious diet. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that larvae invest into a more effective digestive system when exposed to low-quality nutrition, but suggest that species may diverge readily in their reliance on these mechanisms. More generally, our data highlight the complex, and often hidden, relationships between immature growth and age and size at maturation even in ecologically similar species.</p>
Data and code accompanying: Predator-induced transgenerational plasticity in animals: a meta-analysis.
<p>These data and code were used to generate the publication "Predator-induced transgenerational plasticity in animals: a meta-analysis", accepted in Oecologia (Oct 2022).</p> <p>Contents:</p> <ol> <li>R code file (can be opened as txt) - all code used to generate statistical models and results</li> <li>Datafile - main datafile containing all meta-analysis data, and a metadata sheet explaining each column. See paper and associated supplementary material for more detail.</li> </ol>
Purkinje cell responses during diverse Granule cell plasticity scenarios
<p>Purkinje cell responses during diverse Granule cell plasticity scenarios</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.