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opencc-zeroJan 2020View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Zaika MA, Kilian N, Jones K, Krinitsina AA, Nilova MV, Speranskaya AS, Sukhorukov AP (2020) Scorzonera sensu lato (Asteraceae, Cichorieae) – taxonomic reassessment in the light of new molecular phylogenetic and carpological analyses. PhytoKeys 137: 1-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.137.46544

: Data type: morphological data

Figure 6 from: Zaika MA, Kilian N, Jones K, Krinitsina AA, Nilova MV, Speranskaya AS, Sukhorukov AP (2020) Scorzonera sensu lato (Asteraceae, Cichorieae) – taxonomic reassessment in the light of new molecular phylogenetic and carpological analyses. PhytoKeys 137: 1-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.137.46544

Figure 6 Various arrangements of the parenchyma in the pericarp. Numbers correspond with the states of the character 8. Yellow area – parenchyma, red area – sclerenchyma, white area in the centre – seed hollow.

Figure 12 from: Zaika MA, Kilian N, Jones K, Krinitsina AA, Nilova MV, Speranskaya AS, Sukhorukov AP (2020) Scorzonera sensu lato (Asteraceae, Cichorieae) – taxonomic reassessment in the light of new molecular phylogenetic and carpological analyses. PhytoKeys 137: 1-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.137.46544

Figure 12 Schemes (A, C, E) and cross-sections of the achenes (B, D, F), Pseudopodospermum clade, A, BScorzonera brevicaulis (Brevicaulis type), B from Dubuis 12704 (B) C, DS. papposa (Calyculata type), D from Bornmüller 4131 (B) E, FS. hispanica (Pseudopodospermum type). F from Rechinger 1590 (B100047704). Designation of the colours: orange (A, E) – mechanical subepidermal parenchyma; yellow – thin-walled parenchyma, white small hollows in the pericarp – air cavities; grey – stout conglomerations (C); red – sclerenchyma (of parallel orientation); blue – seed coat; green – endosperm; violet dots in pericarp – tannins cells, violet dots in seed coat – vestiges of vascular bundles; central white area – seed hollow.

Figure 3 from: Zaika MA, Kilian N, Jones K, Krinitsina AA, Nilova MV, Speranskaya AS, Sukhorukov AP (2020) Scorzonera sensu lato (Asteraceae, Cichorieae) – taxonomic reassessment in the light of new molecular phylogenetic and carpological analyses. PhytoKeys 137: 1-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.137.46544

Figure 3 Cross-section of the middle achene part of Scorzonera stricta (from V. Prima 485 (LE)). Abbreviations in pericarp: oe – outer epidermis, ac – air cavity, p – parenchyma, scl – sclerenchyma, vb – vascular bundles, ie – inner epidermis; abbreviations in seed: sc – seed coat, en – endosperm, sh – seed hollow (embryo not shown).

Figure 7 from: Zaika MA, Kilian N, Jones K, Krinitsina AA, Nilova MV, Speranskaya AS, Sukhorukov AP (2020) Scorzonera sensu lato (Asteraceae, Cichorieae) – taxonomic reassessment in the light of new molecular phylogenetic and carpological analyses. PhytoKeys 137: 1-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.137.46544

Figure 7 Schemes (A, C) and cross-sections of the achenes (B, D). A, BTourneuxia variifolia (Tourneuxia clade), B from Bochantsev 862 (LE) C, DScorzonera villosa (Gelasia clade), D from Rechinger 23425 (B). Designation of the colours in A and C: yellow – thin-walled parenchyma, pink (A) – sclerenchyma obliquely orientated in the region of the wings; red – sclerenchyma (of parallel orientation); blue – seed coat; violet dots (C) – vestiges of vascular bundles in the seed coat; green – endosperm; white areas between pericarp and seed coat designate air cavities; central white area – seed hollow.

Figure 10 from: Zaika MA, Kilian N, Jones K, Krinitsina AA, Nilova MV, Speranskaya AS, Sukhorukov AP (2020) Scorzonera sensu lato (Asteraceae, Cichorieae) – taxonomic reassessment in the light of new molecular phylogenetic and carpological analyses. PhytoKeys 137: 1-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.137.46544

Figure 10 Schemes (A, C) and cross-sections of the achenes (B, D). A, BScorzonera longipapposa (Scorzonera polyclada clade), B from Rechinger 35489 (G181688) C, DKoelpinia macrantha (Koelpinia clade), D from Pimenov et al. 447 (MW0891267). Designation of the colours: yellow – thin-walled parenchyma (absent in C), hatched area – thick-walled parenchyma; pink (C) – sclerenchyma obliquely orientated in the region of the wings (present in C); red – sclerenchyma (of parallel orientation); blue – seed coat; violet dots (A, C) – vestiges of vascular bundles in the pericarp and seed coat (A) and in the seed coat (C); green – endosperm; central white area – seed hollow.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2020View details →

Figure 2 from: Sabino Kikuchi IAB, Keβler PJA, Schuiteman A, Murata J, Ohi-Toma T, Yukawa T, Tsukaya H (2020) Molecular phylogenetic study of the tribe Tropidieae (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae) with taxonomic and evolutionary implications. PhytoKeys 140: 11-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.140.46842

Figure 2 Phylogenetic relationships of Tropidieae based on Maximum Likelihood analysis on three non-plastid regions (ITS, nad1 b-c intron and Xdh). Numbers at nodes are Bootstrap Percentages obtained by Maximum Likelihood analysis and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities, respectively. Fully mycoheterotrophic species are shown in bold. Red branches indicate mycoheterotrophic origins. The scale bar below the tree indicates the substitution rate.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2020View details →

Figure 1 from: Sabino Kikuchi IAB, Keβler PJA, Schuiteman A, Murata J, Ohi-Toma T, Yukawa T, Tsukaya H (2020) Molecular phylogenetic study of the tribe Tropidieae (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae) with taxonomic and evolutionary implications. PhytoKeys 140: 11-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.140.46842

Figure 1 Tropidia connata J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb and Kalimantanorchis nagamasui Tsukaya, M.Nakaj. & H.Okada. A Gross morphology of T. connata individual (specimen number 1040, collected in January, 2011 by H. Tsukaya, H. Okada and A. Soejima). B Gross morphology of fruiting K. nagamasui individual (specimen number HT1035, collected in January, 2011 by H. Tsukaya, H. Okada and A. Soejima). Scale in cm.

Fig. 6 in Generic status of Winitia (Annonaceae, Miliuseae) reaffirmed by molecular phylogenetic analysis, including a new species and a new combination from Thailand

Fig. 6. Distribution of Winitia in Thailand. Winitia expansa Chaowasku (■), Winitia longipes (Craib) Chaowasku & Aongyong comb. nov. (●), and Winitia thailandana Chaowasku & Aongyong sp. nov. (▲).

Fig. 3 in Generic status of Winitia (Annonaceae, Miliuseae) reaffirmed by molecular phylogenetic analysis, including a new species and a new combination from Thailand

Fig. 3. Flowers and floral organs of Winitia cauliflora (Scheff.) Chaowasku (A, C, E, G) and Winitia longipes (Craib) Chaowasku & Aongyong comb. nov. (B, D, F, H). A–B. Flowers. C–D. Male flowers with petals removed. E–F. Stamens, abaxial (left) and adaxial (right) sides. G–H. Female flowers with petals removed. A, C, E, G from Chaowasku 185 (CMUB); B from Gardner et al. ST1665 (L); D, F, H from Aongyong 8 (CMUB). Photographs by T. Chaowasku (A) and S. Gardner (B).

Fig. 1 in Generic status of Winitia (Annonaceae, Miliuseae) reaffirmed by molecular phylogenetic analysis, including a new species and a new combination from Thailand

Fig. 1. Phylogram derived from maximum likelihood analysis, with support values shown: SR/BS/PP. Maximally supported clades are represented by thick branches without support values shown; strongly supported clades are represented by thick branches with support values shown; branches without support values shown signify SR <50%, BS <50%, and PP <0.85. ** signifies SR/BS <50%. Scale bar unit = substitutions per site. MAL. = Malmeeae; MON. = Monocarpieae.

Fig. 4 in Generic status of Winitia (Annonaceae, Miliuseae) reaffirmed by molecular phylogenetic analysis, including a new species and a new combination from Thailand

Fig. 4. Flowers and floral organs of Winitia thailandana Chaowasku & Aongyong sp. nov. A–B. Flower. C. Flower with petals removed. D. Stamen, abaxial (above) and adaxial (below) sides. E. Back side of flower, showing sepals (abaxial side). A, B from Gardner & Sidisunthorn ST0817 (L), photographs by S. Gardner; C–E from Aongyong 9 (CMUB).

Fig. 2 in Generic status of Winitia (Annonaceae, Miliuseae) reaffirmed by molecular phylogenetic analysis, including a new species and a new combination from Thailand

Fig. 2. Part of multiple sequence alignment of trnL-trnF intergenic spacer, showing an indel (arrow) potentially diagnostic for generic discrimination in Miliuseae.

opencc-zeroJun 2020View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Salvador RB, Brook FJ, Shepherd LD, Kennedy M (2020) Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Punctoidea (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora). Zoosystematics and Evolution 96(2): 397-410. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.53660

Species identification and stylommatophoran phylogeny

Figure 1 from: Salvador RB, Brook FJ, Shepherd LD, Kennedy M (2020) Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Punctoidea (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora). Zoosystematics and Evolution 96(2): 397-410. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.53660

Figure 1 Bayesian tree for the "Punctoidea", rooted by the Hygrophila. Numbers shown on nodes are BI posterior probabilities (0 to 1) followed by ML bootstrap values (0 to 100%). Scale bar is substitutions per site.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2020View details →

Scolytodes Ferrari (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) from Ecuador: 40 new species, and a molecular phylogenetic guide to infer species differences

The genus Scolytodes Ferrari is a highly diverse group of Neotropical bark beetles. Recent collecting by hand and canopy fogging in Ecuador produced many new records. Overlap in species composition between samples from the canopy and the ground was very low, and canopy fogging revealed the highest proportion of undescribed species. Altogether we report records for 55 species of Scolytodes from Ecuador, including 40 species new to science: Scolytodes pseudoatratus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes latipes Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes sloanae Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes samamae Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes otongae Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes chaplini Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes projectus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes lubricus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes inordinatus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes cancellatus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes jubatus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes abbreviatus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes stramineus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes teres Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes animus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes pseudoanimus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes bombycinus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes bisetosus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes horridus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes virgatus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes criniger Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes pseudocrassus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes semicrassus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes pseudolepidus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes semilepidus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes fortis Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes peniculus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes tristis Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes chrysifrons Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes amictus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes cnesinoides Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes maestus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes vietus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes echinus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes rufifrons Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes arcuatus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes validus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes sparsus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes lapillus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes coronatus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov. We also provide the first description of the female and a new country record for Scolytodes grandis (Schedl, 1962) (=Scolytodes glaberrimus Wood, 1972 syn. nov.) and a redescription and new country record for Scolytodes pilifrons (Schedl, 1962). The total number of valid species is now 287. Additional new country records were established for Scolytodes acuminatus Wood, 1969, Scolytodes comosus Jordal and Kirkendall, 2019, Scolytodes costabilis Wood, 1974, Scolytodes glabrescens Wood, 1972, Scolytodes impressus Wood, 1969, Scolytodes nitidus (Eggers, 1928), Scolytodes striatus (Eggers, 1934), Scolytodes tucumani Wood, 2007, and from another Hexacolini genus, Pycnarthrum fulgidum Wood, 1977. The first molecular phylogeny for Scolytodes is provided and used primarily to guide the inference of species validity. Molecular data from COI, 28S and EF-1α revealed substantial genetic divergence between morphologically very similar but diagnosable species.

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Indo-Asian Eriolaena expanded to include two Malagasy genera, and other generic realignments based on molecular phylogenetics of Dombeyoideae (Malvaceae)

Molecular phylogenetic analyses of Malvaceae subfamily Dombeyoideae based on a 6-marker dataset sampling all 21 currently accepted genera (including extinct Astyria) yielded improved resolution and evidence for multiple generic circumscription problems. The taxonomy of the subfamily is adjusted with the synonymization of 10 genera (eight in current use) and the description of one new one, for a revised Dombeyoideae comprised of 14 genera and supported by morphological, anatomical, and/or palynological evidence. Eriolaena is expanded from a narrow Indo-Asian group to include the Malagasy endemic genera Helmiopsis and Helmiopsiella, and a recently described species from continental Africa. A conspectus is presented of the new broadly circumscribed Eriolaena with 27 species (28 taxa, including 3 new Malagasy species and 16 new combinations) and defined by a unique winged-seed morphology. A new monotypic Malagasy genus (Hafotra), resolved as sister to Eriolaena, is described. A conspectus is presented of a broadly circumscribed Mascarene-Malagasy Ruizia (+ Astyria and Trochetia, with 12 new combinations). Two other genera are expanded and recircumscribed: Melhania (+ Trochetiopsis and Paramelhania, with one new name and two new combinations) and Corchoropsis (+ Paradombeya, with two new combinations). Additionally, two genera are typified, and 21 names are lectotypified.

opencc-zeroOct 2020View details →

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2019View details →

Fig. 3 in Molecular phylogenetics of the African horseshoe bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae): expanded geographic and taxonomic sampling of the Afrotropics

Fig. 3 Maximum likelihood phylogeny of mitochondrial cytochrome-b sequences of Rhinolophus. The phylogeny was inferred in IQ-TREE and its topology was very similar to the Bayesian phylogeny calculated in MRBAYES. Filled black circles on nodes denote bootstrap values (BS) ≥ 70% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) ≥ 0.95, left-half-filled circles indicate BS ≥ 70% and PP <0.95, right-half-filled circles indicate BS <70% and PP ≥ 0.95, and unmarked nodes indicate BS <70% and PP <0.95. Specific epithets in parentheses following clade names indicate sequences from specimens used in recent species descriptions that were not supported as monophyletic and are subordinate to other clades and would render them paraphyletic. Branch colors indicate individual clade membership; species groups are from [13]

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2019View details →

Fig. 2 in Molecular phylogenetics of the African horseshoe bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae): expanded geographic and taxonomic sampling of the Afrotropics

Fig. 2 Geographic sampling for the genetic analyses presented by this study. The white circles denote the locations of one or more specimens represented solely by mitochondrial sequences (cyt-b), the half-filled circles indicate specimens or groups represented only by nuclear intron sequences, and the black circles identify locations where samples with both mitochondrial and nuclear sequences were acquired