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FIGURE 5 in Homalenchodes, a new genus of Serropalpini from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Melandryidae)

FIGURE 5. Extant Ctenoplectron spp., deposited in Australian National Insect Collection. A–E, Ctenoplectron agile Champion, dorsal (A, C), ventral (B, D), and lateral (E) views. F–H, Ctenoplectron rufobrunneum Lea, dorsal (F) and ventral (G, H) views. Scale bars = 2 mm in A–G, 1 mm in H.

FIGURE 1 in Homalenchodes, a new genus of Serropalpini from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Melandryidae)

FIGURE 1. General habitus of Homalenchodes jarzembowskii Li, Hsiao, Yoshitomi & Cai gen. et sp. nov., holotype, NIGP180475, under incident light. A, Dorsal view. B, Ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Homalenchodes, a new genus of Serropalpini from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Melandryidae)

FIGURE 3. Details of Homalenchodes jarzembowskii Li, Hsiao, Yoshitomi & Cai gen. et sp. nov., holotype, NIGP180475, under confocal microscopy. A, Mesotarsus, lateral view. B, Metatarsus, dorsal view. C, Metatarsus, ventral view. Abbreviations: mst1–5, mesotarsomeres 1–5; mtt1–4, metatarsomeres 1–4. Scale bars = 100 μm.

FIGURE 2 in Homalenchodes, a new genus of Serropalpini from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Melandryidae)

FIGURE 2. Details of Homalenchodes jarzembowskii Li, Hsiao, Yoshitomi & Cai gen. et sp. nov., holotype, NIGP180475, under confocal microscopy. A, Head and prothorax, ventral view. B, Head and prothorax, dorsal view. C, Abdominal base and fore leg. D, Abdominal apex and metatibia, ventral view. E, Elytral apex, dorsal view. Abbreviations: an1–9, antennomeres 1–9; el, elytron; ey, compound eye; lbp, labial palp; md, mandible; mstb, mesotibia; msts, mesotarsus; mtc, metacoxa; mttb, metatibia; mtv, metaventrite; mxp, maxillary palp; pc, procoxa; pf, profemur; pn, pronotum; ps, prosternum; ptb, protibia; ptcn, protrochantin; pts, protarsus; v1–5, ventrites 1–5. Scale bars: 200 μm.

FIGURE 4 in Homalenchodes, a new genus of Serropalpini from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Melandryidae)

FIGURE 4. Extant Enchodes crepuscula (Lewis), deposited in Ehime University. A, Habitus, dorsal view. B, Habitus, ventral view. C–D, Prosternal process, ventral view. Scale bar = 4 mm in A, B.

Subspecies and Distribution. S. f. fusicauda Milne-Edwards, 1872 — C China (Shaanxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, and N Guizhou). S. faffinis Thomas, 1912 — SC China (extreme SE Qinghai, Yunnan, and S Guizhou); populations in N Myanmar (= Burma) and N Vietnam are tentatively included in this subspecies. in Talpidae

Subspecies and Distribution. S. f. fusicauda Milne-Edwards, 1872 — C China (Shaanxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, and N Guizhou). S. faffinis Thomas, 1912 — SC China (extreme SE Qinghai, Yunnan, and S Guizhou); populations in N Myanmar (= Burma) and N Vietnam are tentatively included in this subspecies.

Distribution. SW China (NW Yunnan), restricted to region E of Salween River, adjacent to Lijiang, and N of Dali (Yulong Xueshan, Diancang Shan, Biluo Xueshan, Laojun Shan, and Gongshan County); possibly also in N Myanmar (= Burma). in Talpidae

Distribution. SW China (NW Yunnan), restricted to region E of Salween River, adjacent to Lijiang, and N of Dali (Yulong Xueshan, Diancang Shan, Biluo Xueshan, Laojun Shan, and Gongshan County); possibly also in N Myanmar (= Burma).

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Subspecies and Distribution. R.b.bicolorSparrman,1778—BaliandJavaincludingMaduraandKangeanIs(Saubi)offNEJava. R.b.angusticepsMiller,1901—Myanmar,Thailand,MalayPeninsula,andtheNatunaIs(offWBorneo).Oneofthefourvirtuallyindistinguishablesubspeciesinthisarea. R.b.condorensisKloss,1921—ConSon1,offSVietnam. R.b.felliThomas&Wroughton,1916—smallareainNMyanmar,S&EoftheChindwinRiver. R.b.giganteaMcClelland,1839—widespreadthroughtheNpartofthedistributiontoincludeextremeENepal,NEIndia,SBhutan,N&NEBangladesh,SWChina,N[L.aos,andNVietnam. R.b.hainana].A.Allen,1906—HainanI,China. R.b.leucogenysKloss,1916—Myanmar,Thailand,MalayPeninsula,andtheNatunaIs(offWBorneo).Oneofthefourvirtuallyindistinguishablesubspeciesinthisarea. R.b.melanopeplaMiller,1900—Myanmar,Thailand,MalayPeninsula,andtheNatunaIs(offWBorneo).Oneofthefourvirtuallyindistinguishablesubspeciesinthisarea. R.b.palliataMiller,1902—SumatraandadjacentIndonesianislands(Bengkalis,Rupat,Tuangku,andTanahmasaIs). R.b.phaeopeplaMiller,1913—Myanmar,Thailand,MalayPeninsula,andtheNatunaIs(offWBorneo).Oneofthefourvirtuallyindistinguishablesubspeciesinthisarea. R. b. smithi Robinson & Kloss, 1922 — W Vietnam and likely Cambodia and Laos. Subspecific affinity of populations on Belitung, Bangka, several Riau Is, and Natuna Is (Lagong, Lingung) are unclear. in Sciuridae

Subspecies and Distribution. R.b.bicolorSparrman,1778—BaliandJavaincludingMaduraandKangeanIs(Saubi)offNEJava. R.b.angusticepsMiller,1901—Myanmar,Thailand,MalayPeninsula,andtheNatunaIs(offWBorneo).Oneofthefourvirtuallyindistinguishablesubspeciesinthisarea. R.b.condorensisKloss,1921—ConSon1,offSVietnam. R.b.felliThomas&Wroughton,1916—smallareainNMyanmar,S&EoftheChindwinRiver. R.b.giganteaMcClelland,1839—widespreadthroughtheNpartofthedistributiontoincludeextremeENepal,NEIndia,SBhutan,N&NEBangladesh,SWChina,N[L.aos,andNVietnam. R.b.hainana].A.Allen,1906—HainanI,China. R.b.leucogenysKloss,1916—Myanmar,Thailand,MalayPeninsula,andtheNatunaIs(offWBorneo).Oneofthefourvirtuallyindistinguishablesubspeciesinthisarea. R.b.melanopeplaMiller,1900—Myanmar,Thailand,MalayPeninsula,andtheNatunaIs(offWBorneo).Oneofthefourvirtuallyindistinguishablesubspeciesinthisarea. R.b.palliataMiller,1902—SumatraandadjacentIndonesianislands(Bengkalis,Rupat,Tuangku,andTanahmasaIs). R.b.phaeopeplaMiller,1913—Myanmar,Thailand,MalayPeninsula,andtheNatunaIs(offWBorneo).Oneofthefourvirtuallyindistinguishablesubspeciesinthisarea. R. b. smithi Robinson & Kloss, 1922 — W Vietnam and likely Cambodia and Laos. Subspecific affinity of populations on Belitung, Bangka, several Riau Is, and Natuna Is (Lagong, Lingung) are unclear.

Distribution. Known from SW China (Yunnan and Guizhou), adjacent N & W Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, and S Vietnam. Because both the Indochinese White-toothed Shrew and the Hainan White-toothed Shrew (C. wuchihensis) were identified as Horsfield's White-toothed Shrew (C. horsfieldiz) until recently, their distribution limits in China are not clear. in Soricidae

Distribution. Known from SW China (Yunnan and Guizhou), adjacent N & W Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, and S Vietnam. Because both the Indochinese White-toothed Shrew and the Hainan White-toothed Shrew (C. wuchihensis) were identified as Horsfield's White-toothed Shrew (C. horsfieldiz) until recently, their distribution limits in China are not clear.

Distribution. Widely distributed in mainland of C & S China (from SE Tibet [= Xizang] E through S Gansu and Shaanxi to Fujian) and Hainan I, also recorded in Nepal, NE India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. Because many specimens previously identified as C. attenuata have been recognized as distinct species, its distribution range may be overestimated, and its limits are unclear. in Soricidae

Distribution. Widely distributed in mainland of C & S China (from SE Tibet [= Xizang] E through S Gansu and Shaanxi to Fujian) and Hainan I, also recorded in Nepal, NE India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. Because many specimens previously identified as C. attenuata have been recognized as distinct species, its distribution range may be overestimated, and its limits are unclear.

Subspecies and Distribution. C.d.draculaThomas,1912—C&SCChina(Sichuan,Yunnan,Chongqing,Guizhou,andGuangxi),NLaos,andNVietnam. C. d. mansumensis Carter, 1942 — known only from the type locality in N Myanmar; range limits unclear because the species has been recognized as a synonym for a long time, probably N Myanmar. in Soricidae

Subspecies and Distribution. C.d.draculaThomas,1912—C&SCChina(Sichuan,Yunnan,Chongqing,Guizhou,andGuangxi),NLaos,andNVietnam. C. d. mansumensis Carter, 1942 — known only from the type locality in N Myanmar; range limits unclear because the species has been recognized as a synonym for a long time, probably N Myanmar.

Subspecies and Distribution. C. r rapax G. M. Allen, 1923 — S China including the mainland (Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan, and Guangxi) and Hainan I, adjacent N Myanmar, NE India (Meghalaya, but exact locality not known), and S Vietnam. It might have a larger range than currently recognized. C.r.kurodaiJameson&G.S.Jones,1977—Taiwan1 C.r.lutaoensisFangYinping&LeeLingling,2002—GreenI(Lutao),offSETaiwanI. C. r. tadae Tokuda & Kano, 1936 — Orchid I (Lanyu), off SE Taiwan I. in Soricidae

Subspecies and Distribution. C. r rapax G. M. Allen, 1923 — S China including the mainland (Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan, and Guangxi) and Hainan I, adjacent N Myanmar, NE India (Meghalaya, but exact locality not known), and S Vietnam. It might have a larger range than currently recognized. C.r.kurodaiJameson&G.S.Jones,1977—Taiwan1 C.r.lutaoensisFangYinping&LeeLingling,2002—GreenI(Lutao),offSETaiwanI. C. r. tadae Tokuda & Kano, 1936 — Orchid I (Lanyu), off SE Taiwan I.

Distribution. Widely distributed in South-east Asia (Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, S Vietnam, and Peninsular Malaysia, including offshore islands). Distribution boundary between this species and the Large White-toothed Shrew (C. dracula), especially in Myanmar or whether their distributions overlapped, is not clear. in Soricidae

Distribution. Widely distributed in South-east Asia (Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, S Vietnam, and Peninsular Malaysia, including offshore islands). Distribution boundary between this species and the Large White-toothed Shrew (C. dracula), especially in Myanmar or whether their distributions overlapped, is not clear.

Distribution. WC & SW China (SE Qinghai, S Gansu, SW Shaanxi, SE Tibet [= Xizang], W Sichuan, and NW Yunnan) and N Myanmar. in Soricidae

Distribution. WC & SW China (SE Qinghai, S Gansu, SW Shaanxi, SE Tibet [= Xizang], W Sichuan, and NW Yunnan) and N Myanmar.

Subspecies and Distribution. S.n.nigrescensGray,1842—NW&NEIndia(Uttarakhand,WestBengal,andSikkim)andNepal. S. n. minor Dobson, 1890 — Bhutan, NE India, SW China (S Tibet [= Xizang] and NW Yunnan, W of the Salween River), and adjacent N Myanmar. in Soricidae

Subspecies and Distribution. S.n.nigrescensGray,1842—NW&NEIndia(Uttarakhand,WestBengal,andSikkim)andNepal. S. n. minor Dobson, 1890 — Bhutan, NE India, SW China (S Tibet [= Xizang] and NW Yunnan, W of the Salween River), and adjacent N Myanmar.

Distribution. SW China (SE Tibet [= Xizang] and Yunnan), NE India, N Myanmar, and extreme N Vietnam. in Soricidae

Distribution. SW China (SE Tibet [= Xizang] and Yunnan), NE India, N Myanmar, and extreme N Vietnam.

Subspecies and Distribution. E.m.macrurusBlanford,1888—SWChina(STibet[=Xizang]),NNepal,andNEIndia(DarjeelingdistrictinWestBengalandSikkim). E. m. irene Thomas, 1911 — SW China (SE Tibet, Sichuan, and Yunnan), adjacent NE India, N Myanmar, and NW Vietnam. in Soricidae

Subspecies and Distribution. E.m.macrurusBlanford,1888—SWChina(STibet[=Xizang]),NNepal,andNEIndia(DarjeelingdistrictinWestBengalandSikkim). E. m. irene Thomas, 1911 — SW China (SE Tibet, Sichuan, and Yunnan), adjacent NE India, N Myanmar, and NW Vietnam.

Distribution. SW China (Shannan in extreme SE Tibet [= Xizang]), NE India, and adjacent WC Myanmar (Tedim). in Soricidae

Distribution. SW China (Shannan in extreme SE Tibet [= Xizang]), NE India, and adjacent WC Myanmar (Tedim).

Distribution. Widely distributed in C & S China (from S Gansu S to Guangdong), adjacent N & E Myanmar, N Laos, N Vietnam, and N Thailand. in Soricidae

Distribution. Widely distributed in C & S China (from S Gansu S to Guangdong), adjacent N & E Myanmar, N Laos, N Vietnam, and N Thailand.