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Data from: Efficacy of spotlights and thermal cameras to detect lions, Panthera leo, and spotted hyenas, Crocuta crocuta, depends on species and management regime
<p class="MsoNormal">Accurate abundance estimates can contribute to effective management of large carnivore populations. Lion, <em>Panthera leo</em>, and spotted hyena, <em>Crocuta crocuta</em>, populations are frequently estimated at night by eliciting their approach using broadcasted vocalizations. Spotlights are typically used to observe these species on approach but can disturb animals and adversely affect counts. We compared the efficacy of spotlight with red filters and forward looking infrared (FLIR) thermal monocular to enumerate lions and spotted hyenas in Serengeti National Park (SNP; non-hunted area) and Maswa Game Reserve (MGR; hunted area), Tanzania, during 2015−2017. We established 119 call-in sites in SNP and 20 in MGR and conducted repeated call-ins at 1–2 week intervals. During call-ins we conducted systematic paired counts using both devices. We assessed the influence of device order, species, hunting regime, and land cover on species counts. We found that FLIR was more efficacious for counting hyenas in MGR and spotlight for counting lions in SNP. We found evidence for temporary artificial light disturbance in MGR, as counts were higher when FLIR was used as the second device. Habitat type within 200 m of call-in sites did not influence device performances. Greater spotlight efficacy in SNP is a likely consequence of lower perceived risk and less anthropogenic disturbance compared to MGR. To improve accuracy of counts and subsequent population estimates for lions and spotted hyenas, we recommend consideration of variation in device efficacy, based on species surveyed and management regime.</p>
Figs 698–705. Crossopriza Simon, 1893, live specimens. 698–701. C in Revisions of Holocnemus and Crossopriza: the spotted-leg clade of Smeringopinae (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Figs 698–705. Crossopriza Simon, 1893, live specimens. 698–701. C. miskin sp. nov., from Oman, Ibri-Rusdaq; male in dorsal and lateral views; female with and without egg-sac. 702–705. C. lyoni (Blackwall, 1867), male from Singapore and courting/mating pair from Guinea.
Figs 594–601 in Revisions of Holocnemus and Crossopriza: the spotted-leg clade of Smeringopinae (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Figs 594–601. Crossopriza semicaudata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876); male and female from Chad, Bardaï (MRAC 132959). 594. Male ocular area and clypeus. 595. Female ocular area and carapace; arrows: stridulatory processes. 596. Left procursus tip, retrolateral view; arrow: hair-like process. 597. Distal sclerite of right genital bulb, prolateral (slightly distal) view; arrow: sperm duct opening. 598. Tip of male cheliceral apophysis. 599–600. Male stridulatory file and corresponding smooth side of female chelicera. 601. Proximal prolateral hair on female palpal femur. Abbreviation: vs = ventral sclerite. Scale bars: 594–595, 600 = 100 µm; 596 = 30 µm; 597 = 20 µm; 598–599, 601 = 10 µm.
Figs 809–817 in Revisions of Holocnemus and Crossopriza: the spotted-leg clade of Smeringopinae (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Figs 809–817. Crossopriza surobi sp. nov.; non-type male and female from Afghanistan, SE of Surobi (MHNG). 809–810. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views; arrow: branch of ventral sclerite. 811–813. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views; arrow: retrolateral ridge. 814– 815. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 816–817. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. Abbreviations: ds = dorsal sclerite; vs = ventral sclerite. Scale bars = 0.3 mm.
Figs 560–568 in Revisions of Holocnemus and Crossopriza: the spotted-leg clade of Smeringopinae (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Figs 560–568. Crossopriza khayyami sp. nov., non-type male and female from Iran, Fars, Izad Khast (MHNG). 560–561. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views; asterisk: process that is larger in specimens from Afghanistan; arrow: distinctive sclerite parallel to ventral sclerite. 562–563. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 564–566. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views; asterisk: ridge where specimens from Afghanistan have two additional small apophyses. 567– 568. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views; arrows: pockets. Abbreviation: vs = ventral sclerite. Scale bars = 0.3 mm.
Figs 195–202. Maghreba gen. nov., live specimens. 195. M in Revisions of Holocnemus and Crossopriza: the spotted-leg clade of Smeringopinae (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Figs 195–202. Maghreba gen. nov., live specimens. 195. M. saghro gen. et sp. nov., male from Morocco, between Irherm and Tiferki. 196–198. M. stifadma gen. et sp. nov., male and female from Morocco, Setti-Fatma. 199–202. M. nkob gen. et sp. nov., male and female from Morocco, E of Nkob.
Figs 203–207 in Revisions of Holocnemus and Crossopriza: the spotted-leg clade of Smeringopinae (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Figs 203–207. Maghreba saghro gen. et sp. nov.; male from Morocco, between Irherm and Tiferki (ZFMK Ar 22363). 203–205. Left male palp, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views; arrow 1: coxa apophysis; arrow 2: dorsal femur apophysis; arrows 3: femur-patella joints; arrows 4: tibia-tarsus joints. 206–207. Male femora 1 and 2. Scale bars: 203–205 = 0.5 mm; 206–207 = 0.3 mm.
Male wing spot morphology and physiological responses do not coincide with the good-gene hypothesis
<p><span>Wings play an important role in dipteran life. Wing characteristics like size, coloration, and interference were found to be associated with male fitness. Many species in the genus <em>Drosophila </em>develop a male-specific wing pattern. These patterns appear as spots on the wings. In this work, we expose a set of recently collected out-bred lines of <em>Drosophila biarmipes </em>to a range of environmental stresses. The aim of this work was to find an association between wing pigmentation and stress response. We further looked the results with respect to the 'good gene' hypothesis. Males with higher wing-spot pigmentation did not associate with better stress handling. Interestingly, a majority of the traits showed negative or no trends where presence of a darker wing-spot could be associated to better handling of stressful environments. Contrary to this, desiccation tolerance and body size were found positively associated with darker wing-spot pigmentation. This work exposes the complexities behind secondary sexual characteristics and their association with male fitness and directs to relook the body size role in mate choice. </span></p>
FIGURE 2. A in Hyporheic zone, a blind spot: Discovery of the larva of Kisaura (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from Japan
FIGURE 2. A hole dug in the stream bank for a Karaman-Chappuis sample.
Map of the Mediterranean region, showing the find spots of imperial portraits
<p>The figure presented here includes a map of the Mediterranean region, showing the find spots of sculptural portraits of Roman emperors (mostly carved from marble or casted in bronze) that were collected for the purposes of analyzing the representation of Roman emperors in freestanding sculpture. PhD dissertation: S. Heijnen (2022), Portraying Change: The Representation of Roman Emperors in Freestanding Sculpture (ca. 50 BC - ca. 400 AD). Dissertation. Radboud University.</p>
Genetic analysis of marsh spot resistance in cranberry common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
<p>Appendix Table 7,8,15</p>
Figure 1 in Toxicity of spiromesifen on different developmental stages of two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Figure 1. The effectiveness (%) of spiromesifen on different stages of Tetranychus urticae – A. Eggs hatching ratio (2011); B. Eggs hatching ratio (2012); C. Immature stages (2011); D. Immature stages (2012); E. Adult (females,
MAP. Stations around New Caledonia: SPANBIOS in yellow squares; EXBODI in red spots. in Additional records of bathyal ascidians (Tunicata) from the New Caledonia region
MAP. Stations around New Caledonia: SPANBIOS in yellow squares; EXBODI in red spots.
Yellow-spotted Monitor (Varanus panoptes)
SciDraw upload
Supplementary material 1 from: Rodríguez-Flores PC, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez J, Aguirre-Ruiz EF, García-París M (2016) Salt lakes of La Mancha (Central Spain): A hot spot for tiger beetle (Carabidae, Cicindelinae) species diversity. ZooKeys 561: 63-103. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.561.6042
Appendix : Explanation note: Field observations.
Figure 5 from: Hemp C, Heller K, Warchalowska-Sliwa E, Hemp A (2016) Spotted males, uniform females and the lowest chromosome number in Tettigoniids recorded: Review of the genus Gonatoxia Karsch (Orthoptera, Phaneropterinae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63(2): 271-286. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.10799
Figure 5 - Pronotum and mirror area of male Gonatoxia maculata (A, B) and male Gonatoxia helleri sp. n. (C, D). Differences are small, the mirror of Gonatoxia helleri sp. n. being more shiny and translucent. Scale bars 5 mm.
Figure 6 from: Hemp C, Heller K, Warchalowska-Sliwa E, Hemp A (2016) Spotted males, uniform females and the lowest chromosome number in Tettigoniids recorded: Review of the genus Gonatoxia Karsch (Orthoptera, Phaneropterinae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63(2): 271-286. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.10799
Figure 6 - Right tegmen with stridulatory veins of female Gonatoxia species A. Gonatoxia maculata B Gonatoxia immaculata C Gonatoxia helleri sp. n. D Gonatoxia furcata sp. n. Scale bars 5 mm.
Figure 18 from: Hemp C, Heller K, Warchalowska-Sliwa E, Hemp A (2016) Spotted males, uniform females and the lowest chromosome number in Tettigoniids recorded: Review of the genus Gonatoxia Karsch (Orthoptera, Phaneropterinae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63(2): 271-286. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.10799
Figure 18 - Detail of stridulatory file of Gonatoxia immaculata with teeth directed towards the anal end.
Figure 12 from: Hemp C, Heller K, Warchalowska-Sliwa E, Hemp A (2016) Spotted males, uniform females and the lowest chromosome number in Tettigoniids recorded: Review of the genus Gonatoxia Karsch (Orthoptera, Phaneropterinae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63(2): 271-286. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.10799
Figure 12 - Freshly laid eggs of Gonatoxia maculata (A). 26 eggs were laid two days after mating and hatched 7 months later. (B) Eggs glued on a twig.
Figure 21 from: Hemp C, Heller K, Warchalowska-Sliwa E, Hemp A (2016) Spotted males, uniform females and the lowest chromosome number in Tettigoniids recorded: Review of the genus Gonatoxia Karsch (Orthoptera, Phaneropterinae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63(2): 271-286. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.10799
Figure 21 - Oscillograms of the male calling song of Gonatoxia species. In Gonatoxia maculata and Gonatoxia helleri only part of a much longer sequence is shown, in Gonatoxia immaculata and Gonatoxia furcata complete series.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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