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4,669 results for “Environment;”
Data from: The evolution of sex roles: The importance of ecology and social environment
<p>Males and females often have different roles in reproduction, although the origin of these differences have remained controversial. Explaining the enigmatic reversed sex roles where males sacrifice their mating potential and provide full parental care is a particularly long-standing challenge in evolutionary biology. While most studies focused on ecological factors as the drivers of sex roles, recent research highlights the significance of social factors such as the adult sex ratio. To disentangle these propositions, here we investigate the additive and interactive effects of several ecological and social factors on sex role variation using shorebirds (sandpipers, plovers and allies) as model organisms that provide the full spectrum of sex role variation including some of the best known examples of sex role reversal. Our results consistently show that social factors play a prominent role in driving sex roles. Importantly, we show for the first time that reversed sex roles are associated with both male-skewed adult sex ratios and high breeding densities. Furthermore, phylogenetic path analyses provide the first general support for sex ratios driving sex role variations rather than being a consequence of sex roles. Together, these novel results open a new research direction by showing that different mating opportunities of males and females play a major role in generating the evolutionary diversity of sex roles, mating system and parental care.</p>
Data from: Species-environment sorting explains latitudinal patterns in spatiotemporal β-diversity for freshwater macroinvertebrates
<p>Understanding how and why β-diversity varies along latitude is a long-standing challenge in community ecology and rarely addressed in both space and time. We aimed to explore the spatiotemporal variations in macroinvertebrate β-diversity and their underlying drivers in eight biogeographic regions covering a substantial latitudinal gradient of more than 40 degrees. By combining β-diversity partitioning and distance decay of community similarity analyses, we found that subtropical β-diversity varies more in space relative to in time compared with temperate β-diversity, as we predicted. This is probably because subtropical β-diversity is shaped by species-environment sorting (SS), caused by habitat heterogeneity and species specialization, more strongly in space relative to in time than temperate β-diversity. Our study highlights the importance of SS in shaping latitudinal gradients of β-diversity in space and time.</p>
Combined data file for Jokinen et al. "Terrestrial organic matter input drives sedimentary trace metal sequestration in a human-impacted boreal estuary", Science of the Total Environment 717, 2020
<p>The datafile contains all the new raw data presented in the figures in the publication.</p>
Data for isolation-by-environment and its consequences for range shifts with global change: Landscape genomics of the invasive common tansy
<p>Invasive species are a growing global economic and ecological problem. However, it is not well understood how environmental factors mediate invasive range expansion. In this study, we investigated the recent and rapid range expansion of common tansy across environmental gradients in Minnesota, U.S.A. We densely sampled individuals across the expanding range and performed reduced representation sequencing to generate a dataset of 3071 polymorphic loci for 176 individuals. The dataset includes additional samples from the native range in Finland that were not used in the downstream analysis but are contributed for completeness. The dataset includes the genotype calls for all individuals sampled and sequenced. The genotype file was generated by stacks2.59 running the denovo pipeline and then using the populations function where we kept loci that were in 70% of populations and had a minor allele frequency of at least 1%. We used non-spatial and spatially-explicit analyses to determine the relative influences of geographic distance and environmental variation on patterns of genomic variation. We found no evidence for isolation-by-distance (IBD) but strong evidence for isolation-by-environment (IBE), indicating that environmental factors may have modulated patterns of range expansion.</p>
Experimental evaluation of genetic variability based on DNA metabarcoding from the aquatic environment: Insights from the Leray COI fragment
<p>Intraspecific genetic variation is important for the assessment of organisms' resistance to changing environments and anthropogenic pressures. Aquatic DNA metabarcoding provides a non-invasive method in biodiversity research, including investigations at the within-species level. Through the analysis of eDNA samples collected from the Peter the Great Gulf of the Japan Sea, in this study we aimed to evaluate the identification of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) in marine eDNA among abundant species of the <em>Zostera</em> sp. community: <em>Hexagrammos octogrammus</em>, <em>Pholidapus dybowskii</em> (Teleostei: Perciformes), and <em>Pandalus latirostris</em> (Arthropoda: Decapoda). These species were collected from two distant locations to produce mock communities and gather aquatic eDNA both on the community and individual level. Our approach highlights the efficacy of eDNA metabarcoding in capturing haplotypic diversity and the potential for this methodology to track genetic diversity accurately, contributing to conservation efforts and ecosystem management. Additionally, our results elucidate the impact of nuclear mitochondrial DNA segments (NUMTs) on the reliability of metabarcoding data, indicating the necessity for cautious interpretation of such data in ecological studies. Moreover, we analyzed 83 publicly available <em>COI</em> sequence datasets from common groups of multicellular organisms (Mollusca, Echinodermata, Crustacea, Polychaeta, and Actinopterygii). The results reflect the decrease in population diversity that arises from using the metabarcode compared to the <em>COI</em> barcode.</p>
Data for "Examining outer band supercell environments in landfalling tropical cyclones using ground-based radar analyses" v3
<p>The data here are archived for open data access for the publication entitled "Examining outer band supercell environments in landfalling tropical cyclones using ground-based radar analyses" submitted to <em>Monthly Weather Review</em>.</p> <p>Radar data are archived in netCDF format in which variables are identified by their radar moment. The radar data are separated by SR1 and KLCH for Hurricane Laura. For Hurricane Frances, the relevant SR data are contained in the frances_sr_data.tar.gz file.</p> <p>The csv archive contains the track information for objectively identified supercell storms from the manuscript.</p> <p>Questions about the data may be directed to addison.alford@noaa.gov.</p>
Functional responses in habitat selection as a management tool to evaluate agri-environment schemes for farmland birds
<p>The folder "functional_responses.zip" contains data analyzed for "Functional responses in habitat selection as a management tool to evaluate agri-environment schemes for farmland birds"</p> <p>The raw LPIS/IACS data are owned by the Saxon State Ministry for Energy, Climate Protection, Environment and Agriculture; they hold sensitive information and hence cannot be made publicly available. They can be requested from the agency for research purposes.</p> <p>Processed data are retrievable from .RDATA in "rdata_mixed_model" and "rdata_functional_responses" folders.</p> <p>"rscript" folder contains R functions of JAGS codes (jags_code.R), data processing (process.R), utility functions (utils.R), and figures (figure_all.R or figure_all_by_sp.R).</p> <p>Dg: Common whitethroat (Curruca communis)</p> <p>Fl: Eurasian skylark (Alauda arvensis)</p> <p>G: Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella)</p> <p>Ga: Corn bunting (Emberiza calandra)</p> <p> </p> <p>If you have questions regarding data, please contact ryo.ogawa@uni-bonn.de.</p>
Data for "Citizen science as a valuable tool for environmental review" - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment - Callaghan et al.
<p>This dataset is the dataset used in Callaghan et al. Citizen science as a valuable tool for environmental review. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. The data are Environmental Impact Statement titles, and our coding of those documents. See paper for details.</p>
Supplementary data for the paper: "Self-healing concrete with a bacteria-based or crystalline admixture as healing agent to prevent chloride ingress and corrosion in a marine environment'"
<div> <p>Supplementary data for the paper: "Self-healing concrete with a bacteria-based or crystalline admixture as healing agent to prevent chloride ingress and corrosion in a marine environment"<br><br>Open data concerning experimental work. Bacteria-based agents (BAS) and crystalline admixtures (CA) are explored as healing agents to enhance chloride resistance and prevent corrosion. Healing of 100 µm and 300 µm wide cracks was investigated, in combination with two conditioning methods. Either the samples were subjected to wet/dry cycles for 3 months before exposure (“healed”), or they were directly exposed to artificial seawater after crack creation (“unhealed”). </p> </div> <h2>Files</h2>
Figure 1 in Efficacy of low-dose EarthTec QZ treatment for the control of New Zealand mud snails Potamopyrgus antipodarum in a hatchery environment
Figure 1. Diagram of the split-plot study design.
Fig. 11 in Methodologicalaspects Of Study On Biologyand Development Cycles Of Dytiscus Latissimus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) In Laboratory Environment. Spring-Summer Period
Fig. 11. Improvised nursecage for keeping larvae
Fungal trait-environment relationships in wood-inhabiting communities of boreal forest patches
<p>Fungal traits can provide a mechanistic understanding of how wood-inhabiting fungi interact with their environment and how that influences community assembly in deadwood. However, fungal trait exploration is relatively new and almost no studies measure fungal traits in their environment. In this study we tested species- and trait-environment relationships in reproducing fungal communities inhabiting 571 Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em>) logs in 55 isolated forest patches (0.1-9.9 ha) of different naturalness types, located in Northern boreal Sweden. The studied patches were (1) semi-natural set-aside patches within highly managed landscapes, or (2) old-growth natural patches located in an unmanaged landscape. We tested species and trait relationships to deadwood substrate and forest patch variables. We measured mean fruit body size and density for each of the 19 species within communities. Traits assembled in relation to log decay stage and forest patch naturalness, illustrating the important role of deterministic environmental filtering in shaping reproducing wood-inhabiting fungal communities. Early decay stage communities had larger, less dense, annual fruiting bodies of half-resupinate type and were more often white-rot fungi. Species rich mid decay stage communities had mixed trait assemblages with more long lived perennial fruit bodies of intermediate size, and both brown- and white-rot fungi equally represented. Finally, late decay stage communities had smaller, denser and perennial fruit bodies, more often of the brown-rot type. The relationships between the studied traits and decay stages were similar in both set-aside and natural patches. However, set-aside semi-natural patches in highly managed landscapes more frequently supported species with smaller, perennial, and resupinate fruit bodies compared to natural patches in an unmanaged landscape.</p> <p><em>Synthesis</em></p> <p>We found that log decay stage was the primary driver of fungal community assembly of species and traits in isolated forest patches. Our results suggest that decay stage filters four reproduction traits (fruit body density, size, lifespan and type) and one resource-use trait (white or brown rot). Our results highlights, for the first time, that communities with diverse fungal reproductive traits are maintained foremost across all deadwood decay stages under different forest naturalness conditions.</p>
FIGURE 10 in The Pannonian Basin System northern margin paleogeography, climate, and depositional environments in the time range during MMCT (Central Paratethys, Novohrad-Nógrád Basin, Slovakia)
FIGURE 10. Polpal outcome chart – climate and ecology.
Figure 1. First lecture room for Botany – a in Hundred years of Botany at the NWU: contributions towards understanding plant and algae function, diversity and restoration in a changing environment
Figure 1. First lecture room for Botany – a stable (Source: NWU Records, Archives and Museum).
Figure 6 in Hundred years of Botany at the NWU: contributions towards understanding plant and algae function, diversity and restoration in a changing environment
Figure 6. Stateoftheart open top chambers for research in ecophysiology (Photo: Jacques Berner).
Realtime Data Collection and Analysis Framework for Collaboration and Co-presence in a Virtual Reality Environment
<p>Title: Realtime Data Collection and Analysis Framework for Collaboration and Co-presence in a Virtual Reality Environment</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>As VR technologies continue to evolve and gain popularity, one of their most notable features is connecting with the virtual presence of a person who is not physically present. Understanding the dynamics of user interaction within these environments is crucial, as they can be utilized in various ways, including collaboration, communication, social interactions, or games and entertainment. This paper presents a method for measuring collaboration and co-presence factors of users by developing a real-time data collection and analysis framework. The designed framework focuses on different collaboration and co-presence scenarios and evaluates a comprehensive system for monitoring and analyzing user interactions in VR, employing both physiological sensors and subjective feedback to assess the sense of presence, co-presence, and collaboration quality. Through an extensive literature review, the paper studies how various factors, including avatar realism and communication modalities, influence user engagement and interaction efficacy. The experiment framework’s capability to integrate qualitative and quantitative data provides a deeper understanding of the immersive experience and its impact on collaborative tasks. The results highlight the importance of design choices in VR environments and their implications for human-computer interaction, user performance, and satisfaction. The findings offer practical guidance for developing more effective VR systems for collaborative work and social interaction.</p> <p>Data Description:</p> <p>1. User Interaction Logs:</p> <p><span> </span>- Data Type: Quantitative</p> <p><span> </span>- Description: Timestamped logs of user actions and interactions within the VR environment, including movement data, interaction with objects, and communication instances.</p> <p><span> </span>- Format: CSV</p> <p><span> </span>- Variables: User ID, Timestamp, Action Type, Object Interacted, Coordinates, Duration</p> <p>2. Physiological Sensor Data:</p> <p><span> </span>- Data Type: Quantitative</p> <p><span> </span>- Description: Real-time physiological data collected from users during VR sessions, including heart rate, skin conductance, and EEG data.</p> <p><span> </span>- Format: CSV,</p> <p><span> </span>- Variables: User ID, Timestamp, Heart Rate, Skin Conductance, EEG Channels</p> <p>3. Avatar Realism and Communication Modalities Data:</p> <p><span> </span>- Data Type: Quantitative</p> <p><span> </span>- Description: Data evaluating the impact of avatar realism and communication methods (e.g., voice chat, text chat) on user engagement and interaction efficacy.</p> <p><span> </span>- Format: CSV, Text</p> <p><span> </span>- Variables: User ID, Avatar Type, Communication Modality, Engagement Score, Interaction Quality Feedback</p> <p>4. Collaboration and Co-presence Metrics:</p> <p><span> </span>- Data Type: Quantitative</p> <p><span> </span>- Description: Calculated metrics for collaboration efficiency and co-presence, derived from interaction logs and physiological data.</p> <p><span> </span>- Format: CSV</p> <p><span> </span>- Variables: User ID, Collaboration Efficiency Score, Co-presence Score, Task Performance</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Close to the edge: Spatial variation in plant diversity, biomass and floral resources in conventional and agri-environment cereal fields
<p>Non-crop (segetal) plants in arable systems are commonly perceived simply as "weeds", i.e. harmful at worst and undesirable at best. The increase in management intensity in European arable systems has vastly reduced the populations of all but the most disturbance-tolerant plant species, negatively impacting the whole agricultural food web. In recent years, efforts have been made to promote agricultural biodiversity through measures such as flower strips and unsprayed field margins. However, studies of their impacts on the arable flora have rarely considered their spatial variation within the crop field. We investigated the spatial distribution of vascular plant species richness and their contribution to the food web via biomass and flower units in conventional and agri-environment cereal fields in six regions of Germany. We studied two types of in-crop measures (extensive cereals without pesticides or fertiliser, and with or without intercropping with flowering species) and one adjacent measure (neighbouring flower strip), recording at 1 m intervals from the field edge to interior. These results were then extrapolated to illustrate the effects of these measures on resource provision at the field scale. Species richness and plant biomass dropped off sharply after the first metre in the conventional treatments, regardless of the adjacent habitat. The "extensive" treatments maintained a much higher level of diversity and resource provision into the field interior. At the field level, this can mean more than sixty-fold difference in provision of flowering resources between conventional management (1900 flower units/ha) and agri-environment measures (127,000 units/ha for extensive cereals).</p> <p><em>Synthesis and applications:</em></p> <p>The strong edge effects we found in conventional cultivation support the premise that reducing field sizes could play a role in promoting in-crop biodiversity. However, incorporating extensive field margins as an agri-environment measure would be more efficient at maximising diversity of generalists whilst maintaining high yields.</p>
Flexible modular dwelling for rural environments; specific case: Cebadas – Ecuador
<p><strong><span>Background: </span></strong><span>Sustainable modular dwelling design for rural areas should focus on creating healthy and economically accessible spaces, sensitive to local needs and integrating environmental, functional, sociological and technological aspects. Flexibility is essential to reduce the initial investment and allow future transformations, optimizing the recovery and reuse of materials. These houses must be adaptable, safe and have basic services, satisfying the needs and stages of families’ development. In Ecuador, poverty and energy inefficiency worsen the quality of life in rural areas. This project in the Cebadas parish proposes modular dwelling that applies bioclimatic and sustainable criteria, using local materials to improve habitability and promote the social and economic development of the community.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Method: </span></strong><span>The research approach is qualitative-quantitative. Qualitative, since it is necessary to identify the qualities of the sector, bibliographic exploration of guidelines and sustainable strategies. Quantitative, to evaluate the degree of affectation through a diagnosis of the study site and to provide efficient solutions that respond to the context and social reality. <strong>Results: </strong>The spaces presented in the proposal respond to the spatial need for growth and expansion of the users of the sector, through 6 basic guidelines that this type of dwelling should have: Environment, Visual, Form, Function, Bioclimatic and Materials.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusions: </span></strong><span>The flexible modular dwelling project for rural environments addresses complex housing needs, highlighting the flexibility and adaptability of an expandable module. It includes income generation with a duplex apartment, fosters communal and cultural life with public and commercial spaces, promotes tourism and rural development with landscape design and crops. In addition, it ensures sustainability through bioclimatic strategies and responsible use of resources.</span></p>
Dataset for "Aerosol mixing state, new particle formation, and cloud droplet number concentration in an urban environment "
<p>Inverted HTDMA data, parcel model input, and parcel model output associated with the manuscript. HTDMA data are from the TRACER campaign and inverted using the LSQ1 or LSQ2 method described in Petters (2021). Model input is a 4 lognormal aerosol mode representation of the aerosol size distribution during TRACER, obtained by fitting measured size distributions obtained from mobility-based and optical-based sensors. Hygroscopicity is assigned for each mode based on observed size-resolved hygroscopicity from the HTDMA measurements. Model output refers to parcel model simulations using the pyrcel model (Rothenberg and Iompar).</p> <p>Petters, M. D.: Revisiting matrix-based inversion of scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and humidified tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA) data, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7909–7928, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7909-2021, 2021. </p> <p>Rothenberg, D. and lompar: darothen/pyrcel: Pyrcel v1.3.2, , https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8378595, 2023.563</p>
MUSE Analysis of Gas around Galaxies (MAGG) -- VI. The cool and enriched gas environment of z≳3 Lyα emitters
<p>Full sample of MgII absorption-line systems identified at z>3 in the MUSE Analysis of Gas around Galaxies (MAGG) survey presented in Galbiati et al. 2024.</p> <p>Each absorber has been modeled by a combination of Voigt profiles which are shown on top of the NIR quasar spectra obtained with X-shooter. </p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.