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30,334 results for “Responsiveness”
Ungulate spatiotemporal responses to contrasting predation risk from wolves and snow leopards
<p>Spatial responses to risk from multiple predators can precipitate emergent consequences for prey (i.e., multiple-predator effects, MPEs) and mediate indirect interactions between predators. How prey navigate risk from multiple predators may therefore have important ramifications for understanding the propagation of predation-risk effects (PREs) through ecosystems. The interaction of predator and prey traits has emerged as a potentially key driver of anti-predator behaviour but remains underexplored in large vertebrate systems, particularly where sympatric prey share multiple predators. We sought to better generalize our understanding of how predators influence their ecosystems by considering how multiple sources of contingency drive prey distribution in a multi-predator-multi-prey system. Specifically, we explored how two sympatric ungulates with different escape tactics – vertically agile, scrambling ibex (<em>Capra sibirica</em>) and sprinting argali (<em>Ovis ammon</em>) – responded to predation risk from shared predators with contrasting hunting modes – cursorial wolves (<em>Canis lupus</em>) and vertical-ambushing, stalking snow leopards (<em>Panthera uncia</em>). Contrasting risk posed by the two predators presented prey with clear trade-offs. Ibex selected for greater exposure to chronic long-term risk from snow leopards, and argali for wolves, in a nearly symmetrical manner that was predictable based on the compatibility of their respective traits. Yet, acute short-term risk from the same predator upended these long-term strategies, increasing each ungulate's exposure to risk from the alternate predator in a manner consistent with a scenario in which conflicting anti-predator behaviours precipitate risk-enhancing MPEs and mediate predator facilitation. By contrast, reactive responses to wolves led ibex to reduce their exposure to risk from both predators – a risk-reducing MPE. Evidence of a similar reactive risk-reducing effect for argali vis-à-vis snow leopards was lacking.<strong> </strong>Our results suggest that prey spatial responses and any resulting MPEs and prey-mediated interactions between predators are contingent on the interplay of hunting mode and escape tactics. Further investigation of interactions among various drivers of contingency in PREs will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding and improved forecasting of the ecological effects of predators. </p>
Plastic responses of survival and fertility following heat stress in pupal and adult Drosophila virilis
<p>The impact of rising global temperatures on survival and reproduction is putting many species at risk of extinction. In particular, it has recently been shown that thermal effects on reproduction, particularly limits to male fertility, can underpin species distributions in insects. However, the physiological factors influencing fertility at high temperatures are poorly understood. Key factors that affect somatic thermal tolerance such as hardening, the ability to phenotypically increase thermal tolerance after a mild heat shock, and the differential impact of temperature on different life stages, are largely unexplored for thermal fertility tolerance. Here, we examine the impact of high temperatures on male fertility in the cosmopolitan fruit fly <i>Drosophila virilis</i>. We first determined whether temperature stress at either the pupal or adult life-history stage impacts fertility. We then tested the capacity for heat-hardening to mitigate heat-induced sterility. We found that thermal stress reduces fertility in different ways in pupae and adults. Pupal heat stress delays sexual maturity, whereas males heated as adults can reproduce initially following heat stress, but lose the ability to produce offspring. We also found evidence that while heat-hardening in <i>D. virilis </i>can improve high temperature survival, there is no significant protective impact of this same hardening treatment on fertility. These results suggest that males may be unable to prevent the costs of high temperature stress on fertility through heat-hardening which limits a species' ability to quickly and effectively reduce fertility loss in the face of short-term high temperature events.</p>
Photophysiology and molecular responses of the soft coral Sarcophyton cf glaucum exposed to heat and high light stress
<p>An experiment testing different temperatures (26 vs 32 ºC) and light intensities (high light HL and low light LL, ∼662 and 253 µmol photons m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>) was carried out using the soft coral <em>Sarcophyton</em> cf <em>glaucum</em> (leather coral) as model species.</p> <p>In summary, corals were exposed to the different light intensities for 30 days (Photoacclimation, time-point 1) and a subsequent marine heatwave simulation was carried out for 10 days (Marine heatwave, time-point 2). Subsequently, corals were returned to control temperature and allowed to recover for 30 days (Recovery, time-point 3). Photophysiological performance (maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), a measure of photosynthetic activity; dark-level fluorescence (F<sub>0</sub>), as a proxy of chlorophyll <em>a</em> content; and zooxanthellae density) and stress biomarkers (total protein, catalase - CAT, superoxide dismutase - SOD, glutathione-S-transferase - GST, total antioxidant capacity - TAC, lipid peroxidation - LPO, ubiquitin - UBI, and heat shock protein 70 - Hsp70) were assessed in corals at these three time-points.</p>
Meteorological responses of carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of a subarctic landscape [Data set]
<p>The data set contains carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) fluxes of boreal subarctic landscape and its ecosystems and ecotones, and ancillary meteorological and environmental data, measured at Kaamanen, northern Finland (69°8’ N, 27°16’ E; 155 m a.s.l.), during June 2017 - June 2019. The studied ecosystems and ecotones include: upland pine forest, fen, treed pine bog, sparsely treed pine bog, lakes and string top fen plant community.</p> <p>C_fluxes1b_Heiskanen_et_al_2022.csv includes quality screened, u* filtered and gap-filled eddy covariance ecosystem flux data and modelled pine bog and string top time series utilising eddy covariance and manual flux chamber measurements.</p> <p>C_fluxes2_Heiskanen_et_al_2022.csv includes quality screened daily average lake fluxes from mineral and organic sediment lakes.</p> <p>environmental_data_Heiskanen_et_al_2022.xlsx includes ancillary meteorological and environmental data.</p>
On the correspondence between the transcriptomic response of a compound and its effects on its targets
<p>Dataset used in the manuscript "On the correspondence between the transcriptomic response of a compound and its effects on its targets".</p> <p>More info at https://github.com/enveda/transcriptomic-target-correlation</p>
[Data from:] Hypersensitive-like response in Brassica plants is specifically induced by molecules from egg-associated secretions of cabbage white butterflies
<p>Characterization at physiological and molecular level of a HR-like cell death induced by <em>Pieris </em>spp. butterfly eggs in <em>Brassica</em> plants.</p>
Figure 1 in Alfalfa responses to drought, salinity, and herbivory by Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and performance of the pest on water-stressed plants
Figure 1. Effects of drought stress on proline content of alfalfa plants before and after Tetranychus urticae feeding. Within each column mean (± SE) followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different. Capital letters show the effect of drought.
Figure 2 in Alfalfa responses to drought, salinity, and herbivory by Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and performance of the pest on water-stressed plants
Figure 2. Effects of salinity stress on proline content of alfalfa plants before and after Tetranychus urticae feeding. Within each column mean (± SE) followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different. Capital letters show the effect of salinity.
Data and Code for "Value dissonance in research(er) assessment: Individual and institutional priorities in review, promotion and tenure criteria related to research quality, quantity, openness and responsibility"
<p>This snapshot contains code and data for the preprint "Value dissonance in research(er) assessment: Individual and institutional priorities in review, promotion and tenure criteria related to research quality, quantity, openness and responsibility".</p> <p>Instructions on re-using the data and running the code can be found in the README.md.</p> <p>Changes:</p> <ul> <li>Added survey instrument and informed consent.</li> </ul>
Bayesian Surprise Shapes Neural Responses in Somatosensory Cortical Circuit
<p>Numerous psychophysical studies demonstrate that Bayesian inference governs sensory decision-making, however the specific neural circuitry underlying this probabilistic mechanism remains unknown. We record extracellular neural activity along the somatosensory pathway of mice while delivering sensory stimulation paradigms designed to isolate the response to the surprise generated by Bayesian inference. Our results demonstrate that laminar cortical circuits in early sensory areas encode Bayesian surprise. Systematic sensitivity to surprise is not identified in the somatosensory thalamus, rather emerging in the primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory cortices. Multiunit spiking activity and evoked potentials in layer 6 of these regions exhibit the highest sensitivity to surprise. Gamma power in S1 layer 2/3 exhibits an NMDAR-dependent scaling with surprise, as does alpha power in layers 2/3 and 6 of S2. These results demonstrate a precise spatiotemporal neural representation of Bayesian surprise<br> and suggest that Bayesian inference is a fundamental component of cortical proc</p>
VIGET: A web portal for study of vaccine-induced host responses based on Reactome pathways and ImmPort data
<p>Host responses to vaccines are complex but important to investigate. To facilitate the study, we have developed a tool called Vaccine Induced Gene Expression Analysis Tool (VIGET), with the aim to provide an interactive online tool for users to efficiently and robustly analyze the host immune response gene expression data collected in the ImmPort database. VIGET allows users to select vaccines, choose ImmPort studies, set up analysis models by choosing confounding variables and two groups of samples having different vaccination times, and then perform differential expression analysis to select genes for pathway enrichment analysis and functional interaction network construction using the Reactome’s web services. VIGET provides features for users to compare results from two analyses, facilitating comparative response analysis across different demographic groups. VIGET uses the Vaccine Ontology (VO) to classify various types of vaccines such as live or inactivated flu vaccines, yellow fever vaccines, etc. Different variables are classified using our Vaccine Investigation Ontology (VIO). To showcase the utilities of VIGET, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of immune responses to yellow fever vaccines and found an intriguing complex activity response pattern of pathways in the immune system annotated in Reactome, demonstrating that VIGET is a valuable web portal that supports effective vaccine response studies using Reactome pathways and ImmPort data. The portal has been deployed at <a href="https://viget.violinet.org/">https://viget.violinet.org/</a>.</p>
Supporting biophysical data for "The ecosystem wilting point defines drought response and recovery of a Quercus-Carya forest"
<p>The data in this product support analyses in the paper titled "The ecosystem wilting point defines drought response and recovery of a Quercus-Carya forest".</p> <p>The data in this submission include leaf area index (LAI_MOFLUX_2008_2009_2012.csv) and soil water retention curves (MOFLUX_SWRC_data.csv).</p> <p><strong>Leaf area index</strong></p> <p>Each data record in LAI_MOFLUX_2008_2009_2012.csv consists of transect level mean single-sided leaf area index (LAI) values for 5 transects measured during the growing seasons of years 2008, 2009, and 2012. Records are uniquely identified by Year and DOY (day of year). Data were collected using a plant canopy analyzer (model LAI-2000). Data columns are defined by headers. Missing data are represented by values of -9999.</p> <p>Table 1. Header definitions of LAI_MOFLUX_2008_2009_2012.csv data file.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Column</td> <td>Header name</td> <td>Definition</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Year</td> <td>Year of observation</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>DOY</td> <td>Day of year of observation</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>LAI_SE</td> <td>Mean LAI of southeast transect</td> </tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>LAI_S</td> <td>Mean LAI of south transect</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>LAI_SW</td> <td>Mean LAI of southwest transect</td> </tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>LAI_W</td> <td>Mean LAI of west transect</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>LAI_NW</td> <td>Mean LAI of northwest transect</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><strong>Soil water retention curves</strong></p> <p>Soil water retention curves for two soil depth ranges (0-30 cm and >30 cm) are reported in MOFLUX_SWRC_data.csv. Soil samples were collected near the MOFLUX tower. Samples were evaluated periodically for soil water potential using a dewpoint potentiometer (Decagon Devices, Model WP4C) and a pressure plate as they dried over time.</p> <p>There are 4 columns of data in MOFLUX_SWRC_data.csv. The first two columns contain data for the 0-30 cm depth range, and the second columns contain data for the >30 cm depth range. Each curve is defined by volumetric water content (VWC, %) and soil water potential (SWP, MPa). Missing data are represented by values of -9999.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Membrane phase separation drives responsive assembly of receptor signaling domains
<p>Plasma membrane heterogeneity has been tied to a litany of cellular functions and is often explained by analogy to membrane phase separation, yet models based on phase separation alone fall short of describing the rich organization available within cell membranes. We present comprehensive experimental evidence motivating an updated model of plasma membrane heterogeneity in which membrane domains assemble in response to protein scaffolds. Quantitative super-resolution nanoscopy measurements in live B lymphocytes detect membrane domains that emerge upon clustering B cell receptors (BCR). These domains enrich and retain membrane proteins based on their preference for the liquid-ordered phase. Unlike phase separated membranes that consist of binary phases with defined compositions, membrane composition at BCR clusters is modulated through the protein constituents in clusters or the composition of the membrane overall. This tunable domain structure is detected through the variable sorting of membrane probes and impacts the magnitude of BCR activation.</p>
Laser Response in ECAL Crystals in CMS Detector
<p>The dataset contains the Laser responses of the Lead-Tungstate crystals in the Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) of the CMS Experiment recorded during the Run 2 (2016-2018) of LHC running. The datasets consists of two tar folders: one corresponding to the "plus" side of the detector and one corresponding to the "minus" side. Each folder contains files in csv format, each file corresponding to the histories of all crystals in each "ieta" ring. The detailed description of the columns can be found under the section names "dataset" on Github pages at https://fair-umn.github.io/fair_ecal_monitoring.</p>
Dataset of the paper "Numerical Study of the Optical Response of ITO-In2O3 Core-Shell Nanocrystals for Multispectral Electromagnetic Shielding"
<p>This dataset provides the raw data of the paper "Numerical Study of the Optical Response of ITO-In2O3 Core-Shell Nanocrystals for Multispectral Electromagnetic Shielding"</p>
Transgenerational plasticity in a zooplankton in response to elevated temperature and parasitism
<p>Organisms are increasingly facing multiple stressors, which can simultaneously interact to cause unpredictable impacts compared to a single stressor alone. Recent evidence suggests that phenotypic plasticity can allow for rapid responses to altered environments, including biotic and abiotic stressors, both within a generation and across generations (transgenerational plasticity). Parents can potentially 'prime' their offspring to better cope with similar stressors, or, alternatively, might produce offspring that are less fit because of energetic constraints. At present, it remains unclear exactly how biotic and abiotic stressors jointly mediate the responses of transgenerational plasticity, and whether this plasticity is adaptive. Here we test the effects of biotic and abiotic environmental changes on within- and trans-generational plasticity using a <em>Daphnia</em>-<em>Metschnikowia</em> zooplankton-fungal parasite system. By exposing parents and their offspring consecutively to the single and combined effects of elevated temperature and parasite infection, we showed that transgenerational plasticity induced by temperature and parasite stress influenced host fecundity and lifespan; offspring of mothers that were exposed to one of the stressors were better able to tolerate elevated temperature, compared to offspring of mothers that were exposed to neither or both stressors. Yet the negative effects caused by parasite infection were much stronger, and this greater reduction in host fitness was not mitigated by transgenerational plasticity. We also showed that elevated temperature led to a lower average immune response and that the relationship between immune response and lifetime fecundity reversed under elevated temperature: the daughters of exposed mothers showed decreased fecundity with increased hemocyte production at ambient temperature, but the opposite relationship at elevated temperature. Together, our results highlight the need to address questions at the interface of multiple stressors and transgenerational plasticity, and the importance of considering multiple fitness-associated traits when evaluating the adaptive value of transgenerational plasticity under changing environments.</p>
Data to the manuscript 'Imperfect cross-linking of Xanthan for pH-responsive bio-based composite moist wound dressings by stencil printing'
<p>Evaluation data for the manuscript stated above. For follow-up evaluation, files have to be arranged according to file designation in the scripts uploaded. There is no additional description of how to arrange. Please feel free to contact the first author for help and information.</p>
Institutionalizing Responsible Innovation in Resilient Deltas
<p>Resilience Delta tackles societal challenges in the Rotterdam delta region through interdisciplinary and collaborative approaches. The Delft University of Technology provides RRI tools that might both enhance the social desirability and effectiveness of their work.</p>
Shifts in flowering phenology in response to spring temperatures in eastern Tennessee
<p>Plant phenological shifts are among the clearest indicators of the effects of climate change. In North America, numerous studies in New England have demonstrated earlier spring flowering compared to historical records. However, few studies have examined phenological shifts in the southeastern United States, a highly biodiverse region of North America characterized by dramatic variation in abiotic conditions over small geographic areas. Here, we use 1000+ digitized herbarium records along with location-specific temperature data to examine phenological shifts of 14 spring-flowering species in two adjacent ecoregions in eastern Tennessee. We show that spring-flowering plant communities in the Blue Ridge and Ridge & Valley ecoregions differ in their sensitivity to temperature; plants in the Ridge & Valley flower 2.7 days earlier/ºC on average compared to 1.3 days/ºC for plants in the Blue Ridge. Additionally, we show that for the majority of species in both ecoregions, flowering is sensitive to spring temperature; i.e., in warmer years, most species flowered earlier. Despite this sensitivity, we did not find support for community-level shifts in flowering within eastern Tennessee in recent decades, likely because increases in annual temperature in the southeast are driven primarily by warming summer (rather than spring) temperatures. These results highlight the importance of including ecoregion as a predictor in phenological models for capturing variation in sensitivity among populations and suggest that even small shifts in temperature can have dramatic effects on phenology in response to climate in the southeastern United States.</p>
Dataset: A quantitative 1H NMR approach for evaluating the metabolic response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to mild heat stress
<p>In this study, the effect of growth temperature on the yeast (<em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>) metabolome has been analyzed by one-dimensional proton NMR spectroscopy (<sup>1</sup>H NMR).</p> <p>Yeast cells were grown either at 30 or 37°C. A non-targeted chemometric evaluation of the spectra was performed in order to detect potential biomarkers. Moreover, an exhaustive assignment for most of the detected NMR signals was carried out, corresponding to 38 identified metabolites. Resonances from these identified metabolites were integrated, and univariate and multivariate data analyses were applied on the matrices of these relative concentrations. Observed changes in metabolite concentrations were consistent with the expected process of temperature acclimation, showing alterations in amino acid cellular pools, nucleotide metabolism and lipid composition.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.