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Fig. 5 in Spatiotemporal dynamics of insect diversity in tropical seasonal forests is linked to season and elevation, a case from northern Thailand

Fig. 5. Spatiotemporal variation in abundance and species richness of Diptera and Auchenorrhyncha trapped over 12 months sampling over six 500 m elevation zones at Doi Inthanon in 2014. The left panel shows Relative Abundance, A* (number of individuals caught. trap-1. month-1) as log (1+A*) for Diptera (A) and Auchenorryncha (C). The right panel shows observed species richness, S, for Diptera (B) 10 obs and Auchenorryncha (D). Data were plotted on a grid of elevation zone (vertical axis) and months (horizontal axis) and mapped using the multiquadric gridding algorithm in the gridding module of PAST. Values of log10(1+A*) and Sobs are indicated by the colour scale bars. Data are not available for January and February at <500 m and 500–1,000 m.

Text-fig. 6. Boxplots showing the proportion of mf2 in relation to the sum of the occlusal area in the five families of extinct sloths. in Unexpected Inhibitory Cascade In The Molariforms Of Sloths (Folivora, Xenarthra): A Case Study In Xenarthrans Honouring Gerhard Storch'S Open-Mindedness

Text-fig. 6. Boxplots showing the proportion of mf2 in relation to the sum of the occlusal area in the five families of extinct sloths.

Text-fig. 7. PGLS regressions for Mylodontidae, "Orophodontidae", and the rest of the sloths considered separately, Mylodontidae: dash double-dot line (-..-), "Orophodontidae": dash-dot line (-.-), rest of sloths: dash line (--). in Unexpected Inhibitory Cascade In The Molariforms Of Sloths (Folivora, Xenarthra): A Case Study In Xenarthrans Honouring Gerhard Storch'S Open-Mindedness

Text-fig. 7. PGLS regressions for Mylodontidae, "Orophodontidae", and the rest of the sloths considered separately, Mylodontidae: dash double-dot line (-..-), "Orophodontidae": dash-dot line (-.-), rest of sloths: dash line (--).

Text-fig. 5. Macroevolutionary trends related to the IC model in the first three teeth of the six families of extinct sloths, as well as specimens of the "basal Megatherioidea", Pseudoglyptodon, and Bradypus. Dashed line (- -) shows the regression including all data; solid line shows the regression after the exclusion of Octodontotherium (shown in the plot as a filled triangle). in Unexpected Inhibitory Cascade In The Molariforms Of Sloths (Folivora, Xenarthra): A Case Study In Xenarthrans Honouring Gerhard Storch'S Open-Mindedness

Text-fig. 5. Macroevolutionary trends related to the IC model in the first three teeth of the six families of extinct sloths, as well as specimens of the "basal Megatherioidea", Pseudoglyptodon, and Bradypus. Dashed line (- -) shows the regression including all data; solid line shows the regression after the exclusion of Octodontotherium (shown in the plot as a filled triangle).

Text-fig. 3. Mandibles of (a) adult (MACN 10830) and (b) juvenile (CAV 898) specimens of Lestodon armatus. Scale bar 5 cm. in Unexpected Inhibitory Cascade In The Molariforms Of Sloths (Folivora, Xenarthra): A Case Study In Xenarthrans Honouring Gerhard Storch'S Open-Mindedness

Text-fig. 3. Mandibles of (a) adult (MACN 10830) and (b) juvenile (CAV 898) specimens of Lestodon armatus. Scale bar 5 cm.

Text-fig. 2. Developmental morphospace of molariform ratios in Lestodon armatus compared to the IC model. Dash-dot line (-.-), show OLS line; dash double-dot line (-..-) shows RMA line. in Unexpected Inhibitory Cascade In The Molariforms Of Sloths (Folivora, Xenarthra): A Case Study In Xenarthrans Honouring Gerhard Storch'S Open-Mindedness

Text-fig. 2. Developmental morphospace of molariform ratios in Lestodon armatus compared to the IC model. Dash-dot line (-.-), show OLS line; dash double-dot line (-..-) shows RMA line.

Text-fig. 1. Examples of lower dentition and molariforms homologies in the four families of extinct sloths. a: Mylodontidae, b: Megatheriidae, c: Nothrotheriidae, d: Megalonychidae. in Unexpected Inhibitory Cascade In The Molariforms Of Sloths (Folivora, Xenarthra): A Case Study In Xenarthrans Honouring Gerhard Storch'S Open-Mindedness

Text-fig. 1. Examples of lower dentition and molariforms homologies in the four families of extinct sloths. a: Mylodontidae, b: Megatheriidae, c: Nothrotheriidae, d: Megalonychidae.

Text-fig. 4. Macroevolutionary trends related to the IC model in the last three teeth of the six families of extinct sloths, as well as specimens of the "basal Megatherioidea", Pseudoglyptodon, and Bradypus. Dash-dot line (-.-) shows the regression including all data; solid line shows the regression after the exclusion of Octodontotherium (shown in the plot as a filled triangle). in Unexpected Inhibitory Cascade In The Molariforms Of Sloths (Folivora, Xenarthra): A Case Study In Xenarthrans Honouring Gerhard Storch'S Open-Mindedness

Text-fig. 4. Macroevolutionary trends related to the IC model in the last three teeth of the six families of extinct sloths, as well as specimens of the "basal Megatherioidea", Pseudoglyptodon, and Bradypus. Dash-dot line (-.-) shows the regression including all data; solid line shows the regression after the exclusion of Octodontotherium (shown in the plot as a filled triangle).

FIG. 31 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 31. — New stratigraphic ranges of the Paleogene Seraphsidae Jung, 1974: 1, Seraphs volutatus (Solander in Brander, 1766); 2, Seraphs olivaceus (Cossmann, 1889); 3, Seraphs chilophorus (Cossmann, 1889); 4, Seraphs peterjungi n. sp.; 5, Seraphs leukoleptus Jung, 1974; 6, Seraphs sp. 1; 7, Seraphs sp. 2; 8, Seraphs sopitus (Solander in Brander, 1766); 9, Seraphs subconvolutus (d'Orbigny, 1852); 10, Diameza (s.s.) fragilis (Defrance, 1825); 11, Diameza (Miniseraphs) eratoides (Cossmann, 1889); 12, Diameza (Miniseraphs) isabella (Bernay in Deshayes, 1865); 13, Paraseraphs praecedens n. sp.; 14, Paraseraphs tetanus Jung, 1974; 15, Paraseraphs placitus Jung, 1974; 16, Paraseraphs armoricus (Vasseur, 1882).

FIG. 28 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 28. — Paraseraphs placitus Jung, 1974 under UV light: A-G, MNHN A28961 (leg. Pacaud), Fercourt, Oise, France, Lutetian; A, ventral view; B, labral view; C, detailed view of the outer lip; D, detailed view of the adapical part of the outer lip; E, detailed view of the dots; F, dorsal view; G, detailed view of the subsutural part; H, I, MNHN A28960 (leg. Pacaud), Parnes, Oise, France, Lutetian; H, dorsal view; I, abapertural view; J-L, MNHN A28963 (Ballot coll.), Grignon, Yvelines, France, Lutetian; J, ventral view; K, dorsal view; L, detailed view of the dots; M, N, MNHN A28966 (Boule coll.), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Val d'Oise, France, Lutetian; M, detailed view of the apical part; N, dorsal view; O, P, MNHN A28964 (Ballot coll.), Grignon, Lutetian; O, dorsal view; P, labral view. Scale bars: A, B, F, H-K, N-P, 10 mm; C-E, G, L, M, 2 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 27 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 27. — Distribution of the pattern types with their intermediaries (Inter.) in Paraseraphs tetanus Jung, 1974.

FIG. 29 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 29. — Paraseraphs Jung, 1974 shells in normal light: A-C, P. armoricus (Vasseur, 1882), MNHN A28788 (leg. Pacaud), Saffré (Bois-Gouët), Loire-Atlantique, France, Bartonian;A, ventral view; B, detailed view of the adapical part of the aperture; C, labral view; D, P. tetanus Jung, 1974, MNHN A29224 (ventral view) (Ferry coll.), Cuise-Lamotte, Oise, France, Ypresian (Cuisian), in comparison to P. armoricus and P. praecedens n. sp.; E, F, P. praecedens n. sp., holotype MNHN A05707 (leg. Pacaud), Abbecourt, Oise, France, Thanetian; E, ventral view; F, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, C, D-F, 10 mm; B, 5 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 24 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 24. — Paraseraphs Jung, 1974 shells in normal light: A-F, P. tetanus Jung, 1974; A-C, MNHN A28579 (Faullummel coll.), Saint- Gobain, Aisne, France, Ypresian (Cuisian); A, ventral view; B, labral view; C, dorsal view; D-F, MNHN A28787 (Ferry coll.), Cuise- Lamotte (Butte-des-Usages), Oise, France, Ypresian (Cuisian); D, ventral view; E, labral view; F, dorsal view; G-M, P. placitus Jung, 1974; G-J, MNHN A28786 (Lhomme coll.), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Val d'Oise, France, Lutetian; G, ventral view; H, labral view; I, detailed view of the apical part; J, dorsal view; K, MNHN A28962 (detailed view of the basal part) (leg. Pacaud), Fercourt, Oise, France, Lutetian; L, M, MNHN A28774 (Lhomme coll.), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Lutetian; L, dorsal view; M, labral view. Scale bars: A-H, J, L, M, 10 mm; I, 5 mm; K, 2 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 26 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 26. — Variability of Paraseraphs tetanus Jung, 1974 in dorsal view and under UV light: A, MNHN A28948, Cuise-Lamotte (Butte-des- Usages), Oise, France, Ypresian (Cuisian); B, MNHN A28943, Cuise-Lamotte (Butte-des-Usages), Ypresian (Cuisian); C, MNHN A28944, Cuise-Lamotte (Butte-des-Usages),Ypresian (Cuisian);D, E, MNHN A28952, Cuise-Lamotte (Butte-des-Usages), Ypresian (Cuisian);E, detailed view of the dots; F, G, MNHN A28946, Cuise-Lamotte (Butte-des-Usages), Ypresian (Cuisian); G, detailed view of the dots; H, MNHN A28949,Cuise-Lamotte (Butte-des-Usages),Ypresian (Cuisian);I, MNHN A28579 (Faullummel coll.), Saint-Gobain, Aisne,France,Ypresian (Cuisian); J, MNHN A28953, Cuise-Lamotte (Butte-des-Usages), Ypresian (Cuisian); K, MNHN A28956 (Faullummel coll.), Saint-Gobain, Ypresian (Cuisian); L, MNHN A28954, Cuise-Lamotte (Butte-des-Usages), Ypresian (Cuisian); M, MNHN A28955, Cuise-Lamotte (Buttedes-Usages), Ypresian (Cuisian); N, MNHN A28958 (Faullummel coll.), Saint-Gobain, Ypresian (Cuisian); O, MNHN A28951, Cuise-Lamotte (Butte-des-Usages), Ypresian (Cuisian); P, MNHN A28950, Cuise-Lamotte (Butte-des-Usages), Ypresian (Cuisian); Q, MNHN A28957, Cuise-Lamotte (Butte-des-Usage), Ypresian (Cuisian); R, MNHN A28959 (Faullummel coll.), Saint-Gobain, Ypresian (Cuisian); A-G, Type 1; H-N, intermediaries 1-2; O-R, Type 2. Scale bars: A-D, F, H-R, 10 mm; E, G, 2 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 23 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 23. — Diameza (Miniseraphs) isabella (Bernay, 1889) under UV light: A-D, neotype, MNHN A28935 (leg. Pacaud), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Val d'Oise, France, Lutetian; A, ventral view; B, labral view; C, dorsal view; D, abapertural view; E, MNHN A28938 (labral view) (leg. Pacaud), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Lutetian; F-J, MNHN A28937 (Faullummel coll.), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Lutetian; F, detailed view of the axial and zigzaging lines; G, ventral view; H, detailed view of the axial lines; I, abapertural view; J, dorsal view; K-P, MNHN A28936, Chaussy (Les Garennes), Lutetian; K, ventral view; L, labral view; M, dorsal view; N, detailed view of the zigzaging axial lines; O, dorsal view in negative; P, abapertural view. Scale bars: A-E, G, I-M, O-P, 10 mm; F, H, N, 2 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 21 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 21. — Diameza (s.s.) fragilis (Defrance, 1825) under UV light: A-F, neotype, MNHN A28939 (leg. Pacaud), Villiers-Saint-Frédéric, Yvelines, France, Lutetian; A, dorsal view; B, detailed view of the chessboard pattern; C, labral view; D, abapertural view; E, detailed view of the chessboard pattern; F, detailed view of the lines; G-I, MNHN A28940 (Faullummel coll.), Villiers-Saint-Frédéric, Lutetian; G, dorsal view; H, detailed view of the zigzagging lines; I, labral view; J, K, MNHN A28784 (Faullummel coll.), Villiers-Saint-Frédéric, Lutetian; J, dorsal view; K, labral view; L-N, MNHN A28942, Villiers-Saint-Frédéric, Lutetian; L, dorsal view; M, detailed view of the zigzagging lines; N, labral view. Scale bars: A, C-D, G, I-L, N, 5 mm; B, E, F, 1 mm; H, M, 2 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 20 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 20. — Diameza Deshayes, 1865 shells in normal light: A-E, Diameza (s.s.) fragilis (Defrance, 1825), MNHN A28784 (Faullummel coll.), Villiers-Saint-Frédéric,Yvelines, France, Lutetian; A, ventral view; B, detailed view of the apical part; C, labral view; D, detailed view of the oblique grooves; E, dorsal view; F-J, Diameza (Miniseraphs) eratoides (Cossmann, 1889);F-H, MNHN A28785 (Faullummel coll.), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Val d'Oise, France, Lutetian; F, ventral view; G, labral view; H, dorsal view; I, MNHN A28934 (detailed view of the oblique grooves) (leg. Pacaud),Fontenay-en-Vexin (Beauregard),Eure, France, Lutetian; J, MNHN B63254 (dorsal view) (Lhomme coll.), Hervelon, Marne, France, Lutetian; K -O, Diameza (Miniseraphs) Isabella (Bernay in Deshayes, 1865); K, L, MNHN A28782 (leg.Pacaud), Parnes, Oise, France, Lutetian; K, ventral view; L, dorsal view; M-O, MNHN A28783 (leg. Pacaud), Cauvigny, Oise, France, Lutetian; M, ventral view; N, labral view; O, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, C, E-H, J-O, 5 mm; B, D, 1 mm; I, 2 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 19. — Seraphs peterjungi n in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 19. — Seraphs peterjungi n. sp. under UV light: A, B, holotype MNHN A28578, Chaussy (Les Garennes), Val d'Oise, France, Lutetian; A, ventral view; B, dorsal view; C, D, paratype MNHN A28537 (Faullummel coll.), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Lutetian; C, ventral view; D, dorsal view; E, F, paratype MNHN A27273 (leg. Pacaud), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Lutetian; E, ventral view; F, dorsal view; G, H, paratype MNHN A28931 (leg. Pacaud), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Lutetian; G, detailed view of the dots; H, dorsal view. Scale bars: A-F, H, 10 mm; G, 2 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 25 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 25. — Paraseraphs tetanus Jung, 1974 under UV light: A-C, MNHN A28946, Cuise-Lamotte (Butte-des-Usages), Oise, France, Ypresian (Cuisian); A, ventral view; B, dorsal view; C, detailed view of the rows of dots; D-F, MNHN A28945, Saint-Gobain, Aisne, France, Ypresian (Cuisian); D, ventral view; E, dorsal view; F, detailed view of the the rows of dots; G-I, MNHN A28947, Cuise-Lamotte (Butte-des-Usages), Ypresian (Cuisian); G, ventral view; H, dorsal view; I, detailed view of the the rows of dots; J-L, MNHN A28948, Cuise-Lamotte (Butte-des-Usages), Ypresian (Cuisian); J, dorsal view; K, detailed view of the rows and lines; L, detailed view of the subsutural part; M, N, MNHN A28943, Cuise-Lamotte (Butte-de-Usages), Ypresian (Cuisian); M, ventral view; N, dorsal view; O, P, MNHN A28941, Cuise-Lamotte (Butte-des-Usages), Ypresian (Cuisian); O, ventral view; P, dorsal view; Q, R, MNHN A28944, Cuise-Lamotte (Butte-des-Usages), Ypresian (Cuisian); Q, ventral view; R, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, B, D, E, G, H, J, M-R, 10 mm; C, F, I, K, 2 mm; L, 5 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 16 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 16. — Seraphs chilophorus (Cossmann, 1889) under UV light: A, B, MNHN A28927 (Roissy coll.), Parnes, Oise, France, Lutetian; A, ventral view; B, dorsal view; C-E, neotype MNHN A25009, Fontenay-en-Vexin, Eure, France, Lutetian; C, ventral view; D, dorsal view; E, detailed view of the dots; F-H, MNHN A28924 (leg. Pacaud), Fercourt, Oise, France, Lutetian; F, dorsal view; G, H, detailed views of the dots; I-K, MNHN A28928 (leg. Pacaud), Parnes, Oise, France, Lutetian; I, ventral view; J, K, dorsal views (K negative view). Scale bars: A-D, F, I-K, 10 mm; E, G, H, 2 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).