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FIG. 12 in Miniaturization in Direct-Developing Frogs from Mexico with the Description of Six New Species

FIG. 12.—Skull shape variation within the Craugastor mexicanus series as depicted by principal components analysis of 14 geometric morphometric landmarks (Fig. 10). The first 7 principal components explained ~75% of the variance. The second and third principal components are depicted because they maximized differences between large-bodied and small bodied species.

FIG. 17 in Miniaturization in Direct-Developing Frogs from Mexico with the Description of Six New Species

FIG. 17.—Dorsal surface of the head in representative specimens of the Craugastor mexicanus series. Female paratype of C. bitonium (A, UTA A-66118, SVL ¼ 16.7 mm); female paratype of C. candelariensis (B, UTA A-55247, SVL ¼ 18.6 mm); female paratype of C. cueyatl (C, MZFC-HE-35614. SVL ¼ 17.2 mm); female C. hobartsmithi (D, UMMZ 94230, SVL ~12 mm, photo by J. David Curlis); female C. mexicanus (E, UTA A-28754, SVL ¼ 35.9 mm); female C. montanus (F, UMMZ 87970, SVL ¼ 25.8 mm); male C. omiltemanus (G, UTA A-66139, SVL ¼ 18.1 mm); female holotype of C. polaclavus (H, UTA A-62392, SVL ¼ 14.7 mm); female holotype of C. portilloensis (I, UTA A-62393, SVL ¼ 11.4 mm); female C. pygmaeus (J, UTA A-54809, SVL ¼ 17.3 mm); male holotype of C. rubinus (K, UTA A-62345, SVL ¼ 12.6 mm); male C. saltator (L, UTA A-54931, SVL ¼ 18.4 mm). Acolor version of this figure is available online.

FIG. 10 in Miniaturization in Direct-Developing Frogs from Mexico with the Description of Six New Species

FIG. 10.—Difference in ontogenetic trajectories between select largebodied (Craugastor mexicanus, C. omiltemanus, C. saltator) and smallbodied species (C. hobartsmithi, C. pygmaeus) of the C. mexicanus series as evidenced by reduced-major axis regression of size-correlated shape axes with log-centroid size following Sidlauskas et al. (2011).

FIG. 36 in Miniaturization in Direct-Developing Frogs from Mexico with the Description of Six New Species

FIG. 36.—Subadult Craugastor saltator (left, UTA A-66120, SVL ¼ 14.5 mm) from area above Corral de Bravo, Guerrero, Mexico, 2560–2590 m; female holotype (right, FMNH 100166, SVL ¼ 44.0 mm) from Omiltemi, Guerrero, Mexico. Acolor version of this figure is available online.

FIG. 35 in Miniaturization in Direct-Developing Frogs from Mexico with the Description of Six New Species

FIG. 35.—Ventral coloration in life from some member of the Craugastor mexicanus series. Craugastor rubinus (A, UTA A-62345); C. pygmaeus (B, UTA A-64284), C. cueyatl (C, UTA A-62348). Note varying levels of bluishwhite speckling. Acolor version of this figure is available online.

FIG. 16 in Miniaturization in Direct-Developing Frogs from Mexico with the Description of Six New Species

FIG. 16.—Lateral body surface in representative specimens of the Craugastor mexicanus series. Female paratype of C. bitonium (A, UTA A-66118, SVL ¼ 16.7 mm); female paratype of C. candelariensis (B, UTA A-55247, SVL ¼ 18.6 mm); female paratype of C. cueyatl (C, MZFC-HE-35614. SVL ¼ 17.2 mm); male C. hobartsmithi (D, UMMZ 94231, SVL ~11 mm, photo by J. David Curlis); male C. mexicanus (E, UTA A-6907, SVL ¼ 22.3 mm); female C. montanus (F, UMMZ 87970, SVL ¼ 25.8 mm); male C. omiltemanus (G, UTA A-66139, SVL ¼ 18.1 mm); female holotype of C. polaclavus (H, UTA A-62392, SVL ¼ 14.7 mm); female holotype of C. portilloensis (I, UTA A-62393, SVL ¼ 11.4 mm); male C. pygmaeus (J, UTA A-64414, SVL ¼ 10.3 mm); male holotype of C. rubinus (K, UTA A-62345, SVL ¼ 12.6 mm); male C. saltator (L, UTA A-54931, SVL ¼ 18.4 mm). Acolor version of this figure is available online.

FIG. 22 in Miniaturization in Direct-Developing Frogs from Mexico with the Description of Six New Species

FIG. 22.—Female holotype of Craugastor bitonium (A, UTA A-64254, SVL ¼ 15.8 mm); female paratype (B, UTA A-66117, SVL ¼ 16.9 mm); (B); one male and two female paratypes (C, left to right, UTA A-66119, SVL ¼ 12.3 mm; MZFC-HE-35600, SVL ¼ 15.8 mm; MZFC-HE-35601, SVL ¼ 15.2 mm); female paratype (D, UTA A-66118, SVL ¼ 16.7 mm). Note two-tone dorsal color pattern in A, B, and C. All collected from the road between Yextla and Vuelta del Sur, Guerrero, Mexico, 2071 m. Acolor version of this figure is available online.

FIG. 19 in Miniaturization in Direct-Developing Frogs from Mexico with the Description of Six New Species

FIG. 19.—Lateral surface of the head in representative specimens of the Craugastor mexicanus series. Female holotype of C. bitonium (A, UTA A-64254, SVL ¼ 15.8 mm); female paratype of C. candelariensis (B, UTA A-55247, SVL ¼ 18.6 mm); male holotype of C. cueyatl (C, UTA A-62348, SVL ¼ 13.0 mm); female C. hobartsmithi (D, UMMZ 94230, SVL ~12 mm, photo by J. David Curlis); female C. mexicanus (E, UTA A-28754, SVL ¼ 35.9 mm); male C. montanus (F, UMMZ 88002, SVL ¼ 21.8 mm); female C. omiltemanus (G, UTA A-66140, SVL ¼ 30.9 mm); female holotype of C. polaclavus (H, UTA A-62392, SVL ¼ 14.7 mm); female holotype of C. portilloensis (I, UTA A-62393, SVL ¼ 11.4 mm); female C. pygmaeus (J, UTA A-54809, SVL ¼ 17.3 mm); male holotype of C. rubinus (K, UTA A-62345, SVL ¼ 12.6 mm); male C. saltator (L, UTA A-54931, SVL ¼ 18.4 mm). Acolor version of this figure is available online.

FIG. 18 in Miniaturization in Direct-Developing Frogs from Mexico with the Description of Six New Species

FIG. 18.—Ventral surface of the head in representative specimens of the Craugastor mexicanus series. Female paratype of C. bitonium (A, UTA A-66118, SVL ¼ 16.7 mm); female paratype of C. candelariensis (B, UTA A-55247, SVL ¼ 18.6 mm); female paratype of C. cueyatl (C, MZFC-HE-35614. SVL ¼ 17.2 mm); male C. hobartsmithi (D, UMMZ 94231, SVL ~11 mm, photo by J. David Curlis); male C. mexicanus (E, UTA A-6907, SVL ¼ 22.3 mm); female C. montanus (F, UMMZ 87970, SVL ¼ 25.8 mm); male C. omiltemanus (G, UTA A-66139, SVL ¼ 18.1 mm); female holotype of C. polaclavus (H, UTA A-62392, SVL ¼ 14.7 mm); female holotype of C. portilloensis (I, UTA A-62393, SVL ¼ 11.4 mm); male C. pygmaeus (J, UTA A-64414, SVL ¼ 10.3 mm); male holotype of C. rubinus (K, UTA A-62345, SVL ¼ 12.6 mm); male C. saltator (L, UTA A-54931, SVL ¼ 18.4 mm). Acolor version of this figure is available online.

FIG. 5 in Miniaturization in Direct-Developing Frogs from Mexico with the Description of Six New Species

FIG. 5.—Maximum Likelihood analysis of nuclear DNA (nDNA) markers sequenced from the Craugastor mexicanus series (total of 1183 base pairs). Blackcirclesindicatenodesreceivingbootstrapsupportvalues>90 fromthe Maximum Likelihoodanalysisand 0.90 posteriorprobabilitiesincorresponding Bayesian analyses. Where posterior probabilities were>0.90 but Maximum Likelihood bootstrap support was <90, a number indicates the bootstrap support. NS indicates no support in the Bayesian analysis for a depicted relationship. Locality abbreviations are as follows: COL ¼ Colima, GRO ¼ Guerrero, JAL ¼ Jalisco, MEX ¼ Estado de México, OAX ¼ Oaxaca, PUE ¼ Puebla, and VER ¼ Veracruz.

FIG. 8 in Miniaturization in Direct-Developing Frogs from Mexico with the Description of Six New Species

FIG. 8.—Distribution of Craugastor hobartsmithi, C. cf. hobartsmithi, C. omiltemanus and six new species from Mexico. Dots inside symbols indicate individuals used in the molecular analyses in this study. Inset depicts region of Oaxaca where three of the new species exist in near sympatry. A question mark indicates uncertain georeferencing. Relevant type localities are indicated by text and arrows.

FIG. 1 in Miniaturization in Direct-Developing Frogs from Mexico with the Description of Six New Species

FIG. 1.—Male holotype of Eleutherodactylus hobartsmithi Taylor (A, FMNH 100114, SVL ¼ 14.4 mm); female holotype of Leiuperus mexicanus Brocchi (B, MNHNP 6318, SVL ~ 40 mm); male holotype of Microbatrachylus oaxacae Taylor (C, FMNH 100001, SVL ¼ 18.1 mm); male holotype of Microbatrachylus lineatissimus Taylor (D, FMNH 100036, SVL ¼ 20.0 mm); female holotype of Microbatrachylus montanus Taylor (E, USNM 115507, SVL ¼ 27.0 mm); female holotype of Eleutherodactylus pygmaeus Taylor (F, UIMNH 16125, SVL ¼ 17.0 mm); female holotype of Microbatrachylus albolabris Taylor (G, FMNH 100071, SVL ¼ 16.5 mm); male holotype of Microbatrachylus minimus Taylor (H, FMNH 100323, SVL ¼ 15.0 mm); female holotype of Microbatrachylus imitator Taylor (I, USNM 115508, SVL ¼ 14.2 mm); male lectotype of Syrrhaphus omiltemanus Günther (J, BMNH 1947.2.16.62, SVL ¼ 19.8 mm); female lectotype of Hylodes calcitrans Günther (K, BMNH 1947.2.16.47, SVL ¼ 34.9 mm); female holotype of Eleutherodactylus saltator Taylor (L, FMNH 100166, SVL ¼ 44.0 mm). Symbols correspond to current taxonomic assignments (square ¼ C. hobartsmithi, triangle ¼ C. mexicanus, crossedsquare ¼ C. montanus, pentagon ¼ C. omiltemanus, circle ¼ C. pygmaeus, rotated-triangle ¼ C. saltator). Acolor version of this figure is available online.

FIG. 4 in Miniaturization in Direct-Developing Frogs from Mexico with the Description of Six New Species

FIG. 4.—Maximum Likelihood analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers sequenced from the Craugastor mexicanus series (total of 1047 base pairs). Black circles indicate nodes receiving bootstrap support values>90 from the Maximum Likelihood analysis and 0.90 posterior probabilities in corresponding Bayesian analyses. Where posterior probabilities were>0.90 but Maximum Likelihood bootstrap support was <90, a number indicates the bootstrap support. NS indicates no support in the Bayesian analysis for a depicted relationship. Locality abbreviations are as follows: COL ¼ Colima, HID ¼ Hidalgo, GRO ¼ Guerrero, JAL ¼ Jalisco, MEX ¼ Estado de México, OAX ¼ Oaxaca, PUE ¼ Puebla, and VER ¼ Veracruz.

FIG. 3 in Miniaturization in Direct-Developing Frogs from Mexico with the Description of Six New Species

FIG. 3.—Concatenated Maximum Likelihood analyses of two mitochondrial (12S and 16S) and two nuclear (RAG1 and TYR) gene fragments sequenced from the Craugastor mexicanus series (total of 2230 base pairs). Node values correspond to bootstrap support from Maximum Likelihood analysis and posterior probabilities from a Bayesian analysis of the same data set, respectively. Support values are not reported for nodes that had <50/0.50. NS indicates no support in the Bayesian analysis for a depicted relationship. Locality abbreviations are as follows: COL ¼ Colima, HID ¼ Hidalgo, GRO ¼ Guerrero, JAL ¼ Jalisco, MEX ¼ Estado de México, OAX ¼ Oaxaca, PUE ¼ Puebla, and VER ¼ Veracruz.

The results of direct mappings of panama paper to RDF and RDF-star

In the paper 'Converting Property Graphs to RDF: A Preliminary Study of the Practical Impact of Different Mappings', we have used mappings introduced by Nguyen et al. [1], and Hartig [2]. Data sets are the results of direct mappings of the real-world LPG with data about the Panama Papers[3].  Shahrzad Khayatbashi, Sebastián Ferrada, and Olaf Hartig. 2022. Converting Property Graphs to RDF: A Preliminary Study of the Practical Impact of Different Mappings. In Joint Workshop on Graph Data Management Experiences & Systems (GRADES) and Network Data Analytics (NDA) (GRADES & NDA’22), June 12, 2022, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 8 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3534540.3534695   References: [1]  Vinh Nguyen, Hong Yung Yip, Harsh Thakkar, Qingliang Li, Evan Bolton, and Olivier Bodenreider. 2019. Singleton Property Graph: Adding A Semantic Web Abstraction Layer to Graph Databases. In Proceedings of the Blockchain enabled Semantic Web Workshop (BlockSW) and Contextualized Knowledge Graphs (CKG) Workshop. [2]  Olaf Hartig. 2017. Foundations of RDF* and SPARQL*: An Alternative Approach to Statement-Level Metadata in RDF. In Proceedings of the 11th Alberto Mendelzon International Workshop on Foundations of Data Management and the Web (AMW). [3]  https://offshoreleaks.icij.org/pages/database

Spectral dependence of light absorption and direct radiative forcing of rural carbonaceous aerosol in TSP, PM10, PM2.5, and PM0.1 in northwestern China

Black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) are major light absorbing components of aerosol, affecting visibility, radiative forcing balance and human health. In this study, we investigated the light absorption and radiative forcing of carbonaceous aerosol in the total suspended particle (TSP), coarse particle (PM10: particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm, Dp≤10 μm), fine particle (PM2.5: Dp≤2.5 μm), and nanoparticle (PM0.1: Dp≤0.1 μm) in a rural area of Guanzhong Plain, China. Similar variations of light absorption coefficients and the absorption Ångstrom exponent (AAE) of TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 were observed. Lower light absorption coefficients and higher AAEs were obtained for PM0.1 compared with other particle sizes. The direct radiative forcing (DRE) efficiency of BC decreased with size bins of TSP, PM10, PM2.5, and PM0.1, respectively. The DRE of BCs for all particle sizes at top atmosphere (TOA), surface atmosphere (SUF) and the whole atmosphere (ATM) were estimated, and the levels in TSP were ~3.7 times higher than those in PM0.1. The optical properties of primary and secondary BrC (PBrC and SBrC) in PM0.1 were further analyzed. The levels of AAEs indicated that the light absorbing of SBrC was more wavelength dependent than PBrC in PM0.1. The DRE of BC, PBrC, and SBrC in PM0.1 were estimated firstly with the values of 19.9, 2.1, and 1.1 Wm-2 in the ATM, respectively.

Dataset for the research article "Direct evidence supporting Darwin's hypothesis of cross-pollination promoted by sex organ reciprocity"

Data for experimental populations of Narcissus papyraceus exposed to two different pollination environments: SSR genotypes for parental individuals and seedlings Number of seeds produced by each combination of mating individuals, and spatial distance between individuals Data on floral traits and female and male fitness of parental individuals Data on floral traits measured at two flowers within each inflorescence, in a control group of 71 inflorescences.

A pilot study evaluating consumer motivations, perceptions, and responses to direct-to-consumer (DTC) canine genetic test results

Survey responses exported from Qualtrics XM platform used for data analysis. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the user experience of current Wisdom Panel customers and evaluate their motivations to pursue canine genetic services, their perceptions of the services and test(s) used, and their response to the canine genetic test results. The file format provided is for Excel. Data analysis was completed using SPSS version 28. Please contact the author directly with any questions about the data.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

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A high-performance Ni-CeO2/Ni/Ni-Y2O3·ZrO2 three-layer anode for direct iso-octane feeding of solid oxide fuel cells

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) directly fed with iso-octane are expected to be power sources of mobile devices and automobiles. However, the conventional anode catalysts nickel (Ni) or cerium oxide (CeO2) used for direct feeding of iso-octane do not suppress carbon deposition or generate high-power. In this study, we investigated the Ni-CeO2/Ni/Ni-yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) three-layer anode to establish the suppression of carbon deposition and high-power generation in the SOFC. The anode consists of a Ni-CeO2 catalyst layer as the top layer, a Ni catalyst layer as the second layer, and a Ni-YSZ catalyst layer as the third layer on top of the electrolyte. The concept of three-layer anode is follows: Fuel reforming occurs in the Ni-CeO2 layer, the reformed H2 or CO is electrochemically oxidized in the Ni-YSZ catalyst layer, and the Ni catalyst middle layer prevents the reaction between YSZ and CeO2. Scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical characterization confirmed carbon deposition suppression and improved power generation. The anode showed no carbon deposition and generated high-power, 600 mA cm−2 and 150 mW cm−2, at 950 °C and a steam/carbon ratio of 3.0. Additionally, we discuss the fuel reforming reactions on the three-layer electrode by the results of exhaust gas analysis.