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Fig. 4 in Host biology and environmental variables differentially predict flea abundances for two rodent hosts in a plague-relevant system

Fig. 4. Relationships between fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels, sex, and flea abundance for (A) T. alpinus and (B) T. speciosus. Points show the mean ± S.E. number of fleas counted for female (white) and male (black) individuals within FGM categories (FGM values were rounded to the nearest 10). Lines of best fit (based on all raw data points) ± 95% confidence intervals are overlaid for each sex.

Fig. 2 in Host biology and environmental variables differentially predict flea abundances for two rodent hosts in a plague-relevant system

Fig. 2. Patterns of flea abundance across years, hosts, and flea species. Overall average flea abundances (A–B) and abundances of each flea species (C–D) in each year for T. alpinus (A, C) and T. speciosus (B, D). Abundances of each flea species on hosts of each sex (Males: closed circles, Females: open circles) on T. alpinus (E) and T. speciosus (F).

Fig. 5 in Host biology and environmental variables differentially predict flea abundances for two rodent hosts in a plague-relevant system

Fig. 5. Relationships between flea abundances and (A) the second principal component of temperature data; or (B) elevation for T. alpinus (white) and T. speciosus (black). Points show the mean ± S.E. number of fleas counted for a given study site in a given year. For each study site in each year, a mean ± S.E. temperature or elevation value is shown. Lines of best fit (based on all raw data points) ± 95% confidence intervals are overlaid for each species.

Fig. 1 in Host biology and environmental variables differentially predict flea abundances for two rodent hosts in a plague-relevant system

Fig. 1. Map showing study sites. Sites (see Supplementary Data S1 for more information) located in and around Yosemite National Park (green) were visited either in all three years (2013, 2014, and 2015; black), in two of the years (yellow), or in only one year (red). Yellow and black lines show significant roadways in the area. Lakes are shown in blue, including Mono Lake at top right. Inset shows Yosemite National Park (green) on a map of California. Site codes: AL: Arrowhead Lake; CL: Cathedral Lake (upper); GA: Glen Aulin; GL: Gaylor Lakes; HC: Hoffmann Creek; MA: Mammoth Lakes; ML: May Lake; PC: Porcupine Creek; SL: Saddlebag Lake; SLN: Saddlebag Lake, north-side (Greenstone and Steelhead Lakes); TM: Tuolumne Meadows. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 4 in Outcome of within-host competition demonstrates that parasite virulence doesn't equal success in a myxozoan model system

Fig. 4. Total number of a) genotype-I and b) genotype-II myxospores produced per actinospore, as a measure of parasite success, in fish from single and mixedgenotype treatments. Black bars denote genotype-I only, white denote genotype-II only, and grey denote mixed-genotype treatments. Letters indicate treatments that differed (Tukey's HSD tests, α = 0.05).

Fig. 3 in Outcome of within-host competition demonstrates that parasite virulence doesn't equal success in a myxozoan model system

Fig. 3. Parasite copy number, as a measure of parasite competition in mixed-genotype treatments, in a) gill tissue sampled at 7d (t7), b) gill tissue sampled at 14d (t14) c) intestinal tissue sampled at 7d, and d) intestinal tissue sampled at 14d. Black bars denote genotype-I only, white denote genotype-II only, and grey denote mixedgenotype treatments. Inset striped grey bars represent total genotype I copy numbers, based on the proportion of genotype I in sequenced DNA samples (genotype II comprises the remainderthe solid grey bar). Letters indicate treatments that differed (Tukey's HSD tests, α = 0.05). Total number of genotype-I (black circles) and genotype-II (white circles) myxospores produced per actinospore, as a measure of parasite success in fish overlaid on parasite copy number in intestinal tissue sampled at 14d.

Fig. 4 in A community analysis approach to parasite transmission in multi-host systems: Assemblages of small mammal prey and Echinococcus multilocularis in an urban area in North America

Fig. 4. Map showing the geographic distribution of three small mammal assemblage types predicted for the City of Calgary area by a multinomial logistic regression (MLR) model associating the environmental variables to assemblage types, developed from data collected in 2012 and 2013 (Liccioli et al., 2014). Note how large portion of BWM and NHP were classified as assemblage 1 as expected, but also large portion of FCPP, where it was not expected.

Fig. 1 in A community analysis approach to parasite transmission in multi-host systems: Assemblages of small mammal prey and Echinococcus multilocularis in an urban area in North America

Fig. 1. Study sites for the characterization of the small mammal assemblages in urban Calgary, AB, Canada in 2012–2013, showing the location of five areas in Urban Calgary and detailed map of Bowmont, Southland Lowlands, and Weaselhead. Bowmont (BM), Fishcreek Provincial Park (FCPP), Nose Hill Park (NHP), Southland Lowlands (SL), and Weaselhead (WSH).

Fig. 2 in Outcome of within-host competition demonstrates that parasite virulence doesn't equal success in a myxozoan model system

Fig. 2. Median day to death, as a measure of parasite virulence, in treatment groups. Black bars denote genotype-I only, white denote genotype-II only, and grey denote mixed-genotype treatments. Letters indicate treatments that differed (Tukey's HSD tests, α = 0.05).

Fig. 1 in Outcome of within-host competition demonstrates that parasite virulence doesn't equal success in a myxozoan model system

Fig. 1. Experimental schematic and timeline. Timeline begins at t-3 when density of parasites in polychaete cultures (inset a) was estimated in replicate water samples to calculate dose administered on t0 and t6. Specific-pathogen-free (SPF) well water ("W") was used as a negative control and a mock exposure t0 and t6 in treatments that received no parasites on those exposure dates "W"- denotes water, "I: denotes genotype-I and "II" denotes genotype-II (inset b). * denote treatments used for cytokine and immunoglobulin assays (b).

Fig. 1 in Role of temperature and carbonate system variability on a host-parasite system: Implications for the gigantism hypothesis

Fig. 1. Study sites along the Chilean coast (Quintay and Concepción), and variability in temperature, pH, salinity, total alkalinity, partial pressure of CO2, and aragonite saturation state. Bars indicate ± 1 standard error. Asterisk represents significant differences between sites (p <0.001).

Fig. 2 in A community analysis approach to parasite transmission in multi-host systems: Assemblages of small mammal prey and Echinococcus multilocularis in an urban area in North America

Fig. 2. Dendrograms derived from the Bray-Curtis similarity of small mammal assemblages in five parks and natural areas in urban Calgary, AB, Canada, 2012–2013. a) Dendrogram using abundance data and group-average clustering algorithm. The dashed line indicates the cluster cut-off line of 45% similarity. Symbols for each site indicate the prevalence of definitive hosts (EmDH) and presence (1) or absence (0) of infected small mammals (EmIH). b) Dendrogram using abundance data and complete-linkage clustering algorithm. Note how it is similar to the dendrogram using group-average algorithm. c) Dendrogram using proportion data and group-average clustering algorithm. Note how all BM sites are in single cluster and all NHP sites and most sites are in another cluster, similar to the dendrogram using abundance data.

Figure 8 in Taxonomical studies of four new Aseptate Gregarine parasites belonging to the Genus Monocystis Stein, 1848 (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Sporozoa) from an Oligochaete Host, Eutyphoeus orientalis (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of West Bengal, India

Figure 8. Monocystis csabai sp. nov. (Camera lucida drawings of different stages of life cycle) A. Trophozoite. B. Syzygy. C. Gametocyst D. Oocyst. Scales: A-C = 100µm; D = 10µm.

Figure 6 in Taxonomical studies of four new Aseptate Gregarine parasites belonging to the Genus Monocystis Stein, 1848 (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Sporozoa) from an Oligochaete Host, Eutyphoeus orientalis (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of West Bengal, India

Figure 6. Monocystis satoi sp. nov. (Camera lucida drawings of different stages of life cycle) A-B. Trophozoite. C. Syzygy D. Gametocyst. E. Oocyst. Scales: A-D =100µm; E=10µm.

Figure 3 in Taxonomical studies of four new Aseptate Gregarine parasites belonging to the Genus Monocystis Stein, 1848 (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Sporozoa) from an Oligochaete Host, Eutyphoeus orientalis (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of West Bengal, India

Figure 3. Monocystis indicus sp. nov. (Photomicrographs of different stages of life cycle) A. Trophozoite (white arrow – granulated endosarc). B. Syzygy. C. Gametocyst. D. Oocyst. Scales: A-C = 100µm, D = 10µm.

Figure 4 in Taxonomical studies of four new Aseptate Gregarine parasites belonging to the Genus Monocystis Stein, 1848 (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Sporozoa) from an Oligochaete Host, Eutyphoeus orientalis (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of West Bengal, India

Figure 4. Monocystis indicus sp. nov. (Camera lucida drawings of different stages of life cycle) A. Trophozoite. B. Syzygy. C. Gametocyst. D. Oocyst. Scales: A-C =100µm; D = 10µm.

Figure 7 in Taxonomical studies of four new Aseptate Gregarine parasites belonging to the Genus Monocystis Stein, 1848 (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Sporozoa) from an Oligochaete Host, Eutyphoeus orientalis (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of West Bengal, India

Figure 7. Monocystis csabai sp. nov. (Photomicrographs of different stages of life cycle) A. Trophozoite (white arrow- large rounded distinct nucleus); (black arrow- tapering pointed end). B. Syzygy. C. Gametocyst D. Oocyst. Scales: A-C = 100µm; D = 10µm.

Figure 1 in Taxonomical studies of four new Aseptate Gregarine parasites belonging to the Genus Monocystis Stein, 1848 (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Sporozoa) from an Oligochaete Host, Eutyphoeus orientalis (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of West Bengal, India

Figure 1. Photomicrographs of different stages of the life history of Monocystis eutyphae sp. nov. obtained from the seminal vesicles of earthworm Eutyphoeus orientalis, A. Trophozoite(Black arrow - mucron); (white arrow - granulated endosarc). B. Syzygy. C. Gametocyst. D. Oocyst. Scales: A - C = 100µm; D = 10µm

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Figure 2 in First host-plant record for Leptodictya (Hanuala) leinahoni (Kirkaldy, 1905) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae)

Figure 2. Adults of Leptodictya (Hanuala) leinahoni (Kirkaldy) on bamboo leaf, photo by VCT. / Adultos de Leptodictya (Hanuala) leinahoni (Kirkaldy) en hoja de bambú, foto de VCT.