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22,549 results for “AND LTER”
Mesozooplankton taxonomic density collected using a 1-m diameter ring net with 200-μm mesh at Palmer Station, Antarctica during Palmer LTER field seasons, 2017-2020
Zooplankton are a morphologically and taxonomically diverse group of animals. Many zooplankton feed on phytoplankton in surface waters and thus provide a link between primary producers and higher trophic levels. The numerical density of common mesozooplankton taxa was determined at Palmer LTER Stations B and E. Samples were collected with a 1-m diameter, 200-μm mesh ring net towed obliquely from the surface to a target depth of 50 m and back. Tows were conducted during daytime, and sampling frequency was nominally twice weekly while personnel were at Palmer Station between the months of November and March. The preserved samples were size-fractionated with nested sieves into five size classes (0.2−0.5, 0.5−1, 1−2, 2−5, and >5 mm) prior to microscopic enumeration. Data are provided for the following taxa: copepods Oithona spp., Calanoides acutus (>1 mm only), Calanus propinquus (>1 mm only), Rhincalanus gigas (>1 mm only), and small calanoids (0.2−1 mm), chaetognaths, asteroid larvae, nemertean larvae, and foraminifera (not quantified in all years). Individual size fractions were split and subsampled such that at least 100 individuals of the most abundant taxon were present. Density varies across taxa, seasonally, among years, and between sampling stations. Units of density are individuals per cubic meter.
Macrozooplankton taxonomic density collected using a 1 x 1 m square net with 700-μm mesh at Palmer Station, Antarctica during Palmer LTER field seasons, 2017-2020
Zooplankton are a morphologically and taxonomically diverse group of animals. Many zooplankton feed on phytoplankton in surface waters and thus provide a link between primary producers and higher trophic levels. The numerical density of common macrozooplankton taxa was determined at Palmer LTER Stations B and E. Samples were collected with a 1 x 1 m square, 700-μm mesh Metro net towed obliquely from the surface to a target depth of 50 m and back. Duplicate tows typically were conducted at each sampling site. Tows were conducted during daytime, and sampling frequency was nominally twice weekly while personnel were at Palmer Station between the months of November and March. The catch was sorted and counted live. Data are provided for the following taxa, which dominated biomass: the euphausiids Euphausia superba and Thysanoessa macrura, the thecosome pteropod Limacina rangii, gymnosome pteropods, the salp Salpa thompsoni, amphipods, and larval fishes. Density varies across taxa, seasonally, among years, and between sampling stations. Units of density are individuals per cubic meter.
Size-fractionated zooplankton dry weight collected using a 1-m diameter ring net with 200-μm mesh at Palmer Station, Antarctica during Palmer LTER field seasons, 2017-2020
Zooplankton are a morphologically and taxonomically diverse group of animals. Many zooplankton feed on phytoplankton in surface waters and thus provide a link between primary producers and higher trophic levels. The density of zooplankton dry weight for five size fractions was determined at Palmer LTER Stations B and E. Samples were collected with a 1-m diameter, 200-μm mesh ring net towed obliquely from the surface to a target depth of 50 m and back. Tows were conducted during daytime, and sampling frequency was nominally twice weekly while personnel were at Palmer Station between the months of November and March. One-half of the catch was size-fractionated with nested sieves into the following five size classes for biomass analysis: 0.2−0.5, 0.5−1, 1−2, 2−5, and >5 mm. Individual size fractions were concentrated on preweighed 200 μm mesh filters and frozen at −20°C until analysis. Samples were thawed, weighed to determine wet biomass, dried at 60°C for at least 24 h, and weighed again to determine dry biomass. Zooplankton density varies across size groups, seasonally, among years, and between sampling stations. Units of biomass density are milligrams dry weight per cubic meter.
Water column primary production from inorganic carbon uptake for 24h at simulated in situ (SIS) light levels in deck incubators, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 1995 – 2023.
Primary Production experiments were led by Vernet from 1995-2008. Schofield is the current lead, beginning in 2009. Methods have been kept consistent as much as possible over the full time series and different Principal Investigators. Primary production is the uptake of inorganic carbon and assimilation of it into organic matter by phytoplankton. Primary production rates, expressed as mgC per m3 per day were measured by the uptake of radioactive (14C) sodium bicarbonate. Water samples are collected throughout the water column at stations along the Western Antarctica Peninsula at regular PAL-LTER grid stations. Water is put into borosilicate bottles, inoculated with 1 uCi of NaH14CO3 per bottle, and incubated in an outdoor deck incubator. The incubator is plumbed to the ship sea water system to maintain ambient seawater temperature and bottles are screened to in situ light levels. The uptake of 14C-bicarbonate by the phytoplankton was measured in a scintillation counter after a 24-hour incubation period. Data is unavailable for the LMG16-01 cruise due to measurement issues. Data is temporarily unavailable for the LMG20-01 cruise. Primary production experiments were not conducted during the 2022 (NBP21-13) nor 2024 (LMG24-01) cruises. There was no cruise in the austral summer of 2021.
Photosynthetic pigments of water column samples and analyzed with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctica Peninsula, 1991-2024.
Phytoplankton pigment sampling was led by Prezelin from 1991-1994, and then by Vernet from 1995-2008. Schofield is the third, and current lead, beginning in 2009. Methods have been kept consistent as much as possible over the full time series and different Principal Investigators. Phytoplankton have a suite of accessory pigments in addition to Chlorophyll a, including other Chlorophyll's (e.g. Chlorophyll b), Xanthophylls, and Carotenes. These accessory pigments can be used as chemotaxonomic markers to assess the composition and distribution of the phytoplankton community. For example, Fucoxanthin is a marker pigment of Diatoms, whereas Alloxanthin is a marker pigment of Cryptophytes. Accessory pigments also assist in photoacclimation and photoprotective processes. Water samples are collected throughout the water column along the Western Antarctic Peninsula at regular LTER grid stations where CTD casts are preformed and in surface waters at underway stations, where CTD casts are not done, using the ship's flow-through seawater system. Water samples are filtered onto GF/F filters, and filters kept frozen at -80C until analysis. HPLC analysis is completed following Wright et al (1991). Following the guidelines set by NASA SeaHARRE, we use an internal standard and replicate injects on the HPLC to track recovery and replicability of the pigment extraction methods and the HPLC. Data is unavailable for the LMG10-01 cruise due to instrumentation problems and for the LMG12-01 cruise due to a freezer failure which resulted in the loss of samples. There is no data for 2021 because there was no LTER cruise.
Dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity of discrete water column samples, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 1993 - 2019.
Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC or total CO2 – TCO2) and total alkalinity (TALK) are two of the four parameters defining the carbonate system in seawater. DIC is composed of dissolved CO2 gas, which dissociates into carbonate, 〖CO〗_3^(2-), and bicarbonate, 〖HCO〗_3^- in seawater. About 90% of the DIC is in the form of bicarbonate, ~10% is carbonate, and ~1% is CO2. The dissociation of CO2 dissolved in seawater into carbonate and bicarbonate gives seawater its great capacity to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere. Alkalinity (also known as “buffer capacity”) is a measure of the capacity of water to neutralize acids. Alkalinity is a complex product of the concentrations of (in decreasing order of importance) the DIC components, borate, hydroxide, phosphate, silicate and dissolved ammonium. Ocean biology regulates the alkalinity through the uptake and release of the DIC and the macronutrients N, P and Si. We measure surface DIC and ALK to understand the exchange of CO2 across the air-sea interface in our study area. With DIC and dissolved CO2, we can also derive estimates of ocean pH and thus monitor the extent and evolution of ocean acidification. Analytical methods and QC are presented under the Methods and Protocols tab.
PIE LTER nutrient samples collected by Sigma Autosampler between 2001 and 2017 in three headwater sites of contrasting land use, and at the Parker and Ipswich River Dams as they enter into the Plum Island Sound estuary, Massachusetts.
Total organic nitrogen, total organic phosphorus, and nitrate concentrations collected frequently by Sigma autosampler (or volunteers in winter) from 5 sites. Sites include three headwater sites of contrasting land use (CC= Forest, SB = suburban, CS = wetland) and at the mouth of the Ipswich and Parker Rivers where they flow into the estuary.
PIE LTER time series of nutrient grab samples from Ipswich River and Parker River watershed catchments, Masachusetts, with frequency ranging from weekly to monthly between 2001 and 2019.
Time series of nutrient grab samples collected by hand (i.e. not with the Sigma autosampler) with frequency ranging from weekly to monthly between 2001 and 2016. Sites include three headwater catchments of contrasting land use (forest, urban, wetland), and the mouth of the two main watersheds draining to the Plum Island Estuary (Ipswich and Parker R.). An additional time series was collected for a site in the Upper Ipswich at North Reading and at Fish Br. in Boxford – this sampling was ended in 2002. All Samples were analysed for NO3, NO2, NH4, PO4, TDN and DOC. Si was analyzed until 2002. Particulates, anions and TSS have been analyzed since 2006.
Aboveground biomass from control sites in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh at Law's Point, Rowley River, Plum Island Ecosystem LTER, MA.
Aboveground biomass is determined non-destructively at permanent, high marsh control (non-fertilized) plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh on the Rowley River within the Plum Island Ecosystem (PIE) LTER site, MA.
Porewater nutrient concentrations from control plots at a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh at Law's Point, Rowley River, Plum Island Ecosystem LTER, MA.
Porewater samples from a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh on the Rowley River in the Plum Island Ecosystem (PIE) LTER site were analyzed for salinity as well as ammonium, phosphate, sulfide and chloride concentrations.
Annual primary productivity in control plots at a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh at Law's Point, Rowley River, Plum Island Ecosystem LTER, MA.
Annual productivity is determined from aboveground biomass data at permanent, high marsh, plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh on the Rowley River within the Plum Island Ecosystem (PIE) LTER site, MA.
Aboveground biomass from control plots in a Spartina patens-dominated salt marsh at Law's Point, Rowley River, Plum Island Ecosystem LTER, MA.
Aboveground biomass is determined destructively during the growing season at a Spartina patens-dominated salt marsh on the Rowley River within the Plum Island Ecosystem (PIE) LTER site.
PIE LTER, stable isotope chemistry (carbon, nitrogen and sulfur) for food web analysis of functional groups in the Plum Island Sound Estuary, Massachusetts.
Stable isotopes of primary producers will be compared to stable isotopes of functional groups of organisms at primarily three sites within the estuary that have different dominant sources of organic matter. The three sites are: Lower (IBYC, SO-3, mouth of Plum Island Sound, 2-3 km upstream of the mouth of the estuary), Middle (OTL, PR-10.1, upper Sound, lower Parker, 8-11 km upstream of the mouth of the estuary) and Upper (P2, PR-21.9, upper Parker, above Middle Rd Bridge (22 km upstream of the mouth of the estuary). The Lower site is dominated by marine phytoplankton, the Middle site is dominated by a mixture of salt marsh and phytoplankton and the Upper site is dominated by oligohaline phytoplankton and fresh marsh. Ten functional groups will be sampled at each site (Surface sediment, benthic diatoms, Nereis, mummichog, ribbed mussels, POM, blue mussels, pelagic copepods (Acartia), silversides and soft shell clams (Mya). Marsh, benthic algae and phytoplankton inputs or benthic vs. pelagic pathways will be evident in the isotopic signals of these functional groups. Samples will be collected between the middle and end of August to reflect a growing season using recently produced OM. Samples of 15 – 20 individuals will be pooled for analysis. Some silverside samplings will have 3 different pooled samples for determination of variance. Often times the same species are not collected at each site due to habitat differences (salinity/discharge) so additional species are collected to try to accomplish task of getting functional groups collected.
Porewater nutrient concentrations from control plots at a Spartina patens-dominated salt marsh at Law's Point, Rowley River, Plum Island Ecosystem LTER, MA.
Porewater samples from a Spartina patens-dominated salt marsh on the Rowley River in the Plum Island Ecosystem (PIE) LTER site were analyzed for salinity as well as ammonium, phosphate, sulfide and chloride concentrations.
Porewater nutrient concentrations from control plots at a Typha sp. dominated brackish marsh on the Upper Parker River, Plum Island Ecosystem LTER, MA.
Porewater samples from a Typha sp.-dominated brackish marsh on the Upper Parker River in the Plum Island Ecosystem (PIE) LTER site were analyzed for salinity as well as ammonium, phosphate, sulfide and chloride concentrations.
The stations used for counting birds in hayed salt marsh vs reference salt marsh sites, Rowley, MA, PIE LTER.
The birding observation stations used for counting birds in hayed marsh and reference marsh sites near Stackyard Rd. and Patmos Rd, Rowley, Massachusetts.
Above- and belowground biomass of S. alterniflora in elevational marsh planter experiments, Plum Island, MA, PIE LTER
Spartina is grown in experimental elevation planters placed in draining ponds on the salt marsh platform. The planters are constructed from PVC pipes of varying lengths. All of the PVC pipes are open at the bottom, and flush to the mudflat surface of the pond, resulting in the tops of the pipes being situated at various relative elevations within the tidal range. Plants growing in the shorter PVC pipes are flooded for a longer duration of each tidal cycle than plants growing in the taller PVC pipes. The growth response of S. alterniflora when exposed to different flood frequencies is monitored by monthly estimates of biomass (determined non-destructively from plant heights) and by destructive 'harvesting' of all above- and belowground plant material at the end of the growing season.
PIE LTER locations of vegetation transects in Rowley salt marsh sites used for measuring long term changes.
A description of transects used for long term studies of marsh vegetation in Rowley, MA. Four sites ((12 transects) were originally set up to study the impact of salt marsh haying. Two of these sites (labeled McH and EPH) were regularly hayed until 2002. The other two (PUH and CC) were reference sites. Two additional sites labeled RM (8 transects) were originally set up to track invasion by Phragmites australis.
PIE LTER study of marsh vegetation percent cover at Greenwood Creek, Ipswich, MA effluent enrichment and Clubhead Creek, Rowley, MA reference sites
Vegetation percent cover data along transects through a nutrient enriched marsh receiving wastewater effluent and a reference (unenriched) marsh. Nutrient enrichment comes from the Ipswich Wastewater Treatment Facility on Greenwood Creek in Ipswich. The marsh around Clubhead Creek, Rowley, MA was used as a reference.
PIE LTER, geographic information for the transects that were set up to study the impacts on the salt marsh vegetation of nutrient enrichment from the Ipswich Wastewater Treatment Facility on Greenwood Creek in Ipswich, MA.
A description of the transects that were set up to study the impacts on the salt marsh vegetation of nutrient enrichment from the Ipswich Wastewater Treatment Facility on Greenwood Creek in Ipswich, MA, USA. The marsh around Clubhead Creek, Rolwey, MA, USA was used as a reference.
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