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1,425 results for “Agriculture”
Datasets and codes for "Urbanization and agricultural intensification destabilize animal communities differently than diversity loss"
<p>Datasets and R codes of the manuscript entitled "Urbanization and agricultural intensification destabilize animal communities differently than diversity loss" by Théophile Olivier, Elisa Thébault, Marianne Elias, Benoit Fontaine and Colin Fontaine.</p>
Ancient forest statistics (Daubrée statistics 1908, decennial agricultural statistics of 1892 and 1929) describing French forest area by department administrative units, ownership and forest management types
<p>This dataset provides three ancient forest statistics: i) the first comprehensive French forest statistics (termed <em>Daubrée</em> statistics), ii) the decennial agricultural statistics of 1892, iii) the decennial agricultural statistics of 1929. The three ancient statistics provide information about the French forest area and the annual forest volume harvested at the department administrative level (EU/EC NUTS-3 units) split by legal category of ownership and forest management type. Afforestation rates are provided at NUTS-3 level ( and split by legal category of ownership only in <em>Daubrée</em> statistics). Only in <em>Daubrée</em> statistics, the tree species-specific forest areas are also presented by NUTS-3 level and broken down by legal category of ownership. Finally, the number of private forest owners is indicated by NUTS-3 administrative level in 1929 statistics and in <em>Daubrée</em> statistics. This dataset can be used to understand the past forest dynamics, the impact of past forest policies on French forests, the evolution of major tree biodiversity in France.</p>
Data from: Ecological pest control fortifies agricultural growth in Asia-Pacific economies
<p>The Green Revolution is credited with alleviating famine, mitigating poverty and driving aggregate economic growth since the 1960s. In Asia, high-input technology packages secured a tripling of rice output, with germplasm improvements providing benefits beyond US$ 4.3 billion/year. Here, we unveil the magnitude and macro-economic relevance of parallel nature-based contributions to productivity growth in non-rice crops over 1918-2018 (covering 23 different Asia-Pacific geopolitical entities). We empirically demonstrate how biological control resolved invasive pest threats in multiple agricultural commodities, ensuring annually-accruing (on-farm) benefits of US$ 14.6-19.5 billion/year. Scientifically-guided biological control of 43 exotic invertebrate pests permitted 73-100% yield-loss recovery in critical food, feed and fiber crops including banana, breadfruit, cassava and coconut. Biological control thereby promoted rural growth and prosperity even in marginal, poorly-endowed, non-rice environments. By placing agro-ecological innovations on equal footing with input-intensive measures, our work provides lessons for future efforts to mitigate invasive species, restore ecological resilience and sustainably raise output of global agri-food systems.</p>
The global value of water in agriculture
<p>This repository contains supporting data for: "<strong>The global value of water in agriculture"</strong></p> <p>Cite: D’Odorico, P., Chiarelli, D.D., Rosa L., Bini A., Zilberman D., Rulli, M.C. The value of water in agriculture in a global high-resolution analysis. PNAS. 2020<br> Email: paolododo@berkeley.edu </p> <p>This file contains the value of irrigation water withdrawals (USD per cubic meter) based on circa year 2000 crop distribution. </p>
Fonio millet genome unlocks African orphan crop diversity for agriculture in a changing climate
<p class="western">Sustainable food production in the context of climate change necessitates diversification of agriculture and a more efficient utilization of plant genetic resources. Fonio millet (<i>Digitaria exilis</i>) is an orphan African cereal crop with a great potential for dryland agriculture. Here, we established high-quality genomic resources to facilitate fonio improvement through molecular breeding. These include a chromosome-scale reference assembly and deep re-sequencing of 183 cultivated and wild <i>Digitaria</i> accessions, enabling insights into genetic diversity, population structure, and domestication. Fonio diversity is shaped by climatic, geographic, and ethnolinguistic factors. Two genes associated with seed size and shattering showed signatures of selection. Most known domestication genes from other cereal models however have not experienced strong selection in fonio, providing direct targets to rapidly improve this crop for agriculture in hot and dry environments.</p>
Soil microbial legacy drives crop diversity advantage: linking ecological plant-soil feedback with agricultural intercropping
<ol> <li>Although the importance of the soil microbiome in mediating plant community structures and functions has been increasingly emphasized in ecological studies, the biological processes driving crop diversity overyielding remain unexplained in agriculture. Based on the plant-soil feedback (PSF) theory and method, we quantified how much soil microbes contributed to intercropping overyielding and detected which microbial groups mediated this effect.</li> <li>Soils were collected as inocula and sequenced from a unique 10-year field experiment, consisting of monoculture, intercropping and rotation planted with wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>), maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) or faba bean (<i>Vicia faba</i>). A PSF study was conducted to test microbial effects on three crops' growth in monoculture or intercropping.</li> <li>In wheat & faba bean (W&F) and maize & faba bean (M&F) systems, soil microbes drove intercropping overyielding compared to monoculture, with 28-51% of the overyielding contributed by microbial legacies. The overyielding effects resulted from negative PSFs in both systems, as crops, in particular faba bean grew better in soils conditioned by other crops than itself. Moreover, faba bean grew better in soils from intercropping or rotation than from the average of monocultures, indicating a strong positive legacy effect of multispecies cropping systems. However, with positive PSF and negative legacy benefit effect of intercropping/rotation, we did not observe significant overyielding in the W&M system.</li> <li>With more bacterial and fungal dissimilarities by metabarcoding in heterospecific than its own soil, the better it improved faba bean growth. More detailed analysis showed faba bean monoculture soil accumulated more putative pathogens with higher <i>Fusarium</i> relative abundance and more <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> gene copies by qPCR, while in heterspecific soils, there was less pathogenetic effects when cereals were engaged. Further analysis in maize/faba bean intercropping also showed an increase of rhizobia relative abundance.</li> <li> <i>Synthesis and applications</i>. Our results demonstrate a soil microbiome-mediated advantage in intercropping through suppression of the negative PSF of pathogens and increasing beneficial microbes. As microbial mediation of overyielding is context-dependent, we conclude that the dynamics of both beneficial and pathogenic microbes should be considered in designing cropping systems for sustainable agriculture, particularly including combinations of legumes and cereals.</li> </ol>
Figure 1 in Diversity and life-history traits of wild bees (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in intensive agricultural landscapes in the Rolling Pampa, Argentina
Figure 1. Location of (a) the Argentinean Pampas in South America, (b) the study site (Estancia 'Las Polvaredas', partido de Rojas, provincia de Buenos Aires; black square) in the Rolling Pampa and (c) the 39 sampling points in the study site. The map shows the land use of the year when bee sampling occurred (2010–2011 growing season). Black dots represent points located in the cropped area (n = 28), and white dots represent points located in the semi-natural area (n = 11). On each point, bees were collected with pan traps (one blue, one white and one yellow) during three 48- hour sessions.
Figure 3. A in Diversity and life-history traits of wild bees (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in intensive agricultural landscapes in the Rolling Pampa, Argentina
Figure 3. A representative sampling point in the study site, which shows three pan traps deployed in line near a wire-fence row delimiting two soybean fields (Photo: Violette Le Féon).
Figure 6 in Diversity and life-history traits of wild bees (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in intensive agricultural landscapes in the Rolling Pampa, Argentina
Figure 6. Mean number of (a) bee individuals, (b) non-Lasioglossum (Dialictus) bee individuals and (c) bee taxa per point, in cropped area (n = 28 points) and semi-natural area (n = 11 points). ns indicates a non-significant result. Asterisks indicate that means are significantly different (Wilcoxon rank sum test, *** = P <0.001). Bars show SEs.
Figure 5 in Diversity and life-history traits of wild bees (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in intensive agricultural landscapes in the Rolling Pampa, Argentina
Figure 5. Functional composition of the non-Lasioglossum (Dialictus) bee assemblage: proportion of the taxa for each life-history trait category.
Contrasting the suitability of shade coffee agriculture and native forest as overwinter habitat for Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis) in the Colombian Andes.
<p>In the Neotropics, coffee production occurs on a large scale in some of the planet's most biodiverse regions: tropical mountains. Coffee production systems involving shade trees are considered to have a lower impact on biodiversity than alternative sun coffee. To date, the majority of evidence for the value of shade coffee plantations has not taken into account the relative quality of this habitat compared to the native forests they replaced. We determined the suitability of shade coffee and forest as winter habitat for Canada Warbler (<i>Cardellina canadensis</i>) by comparing variation in the likelihood of capturing individuals, seasonal changes in body condition, and estimates of annual survival between the two habitats. We also determined the effect of the strong 2015-2016 El Niño event on survival. Males were relatively more likely to be captured in forest than females and this likelihood increased during drier years. Body condition change over the winter and apparent annual survival were very similar for individuals that used forest and coffee. However, condition and survival decreased in both habitats during the El Niño year. Apparent survival was also lower for individuals carrying a radiotag or geolocator. Our findings suggest that <span>shade coffee with high canopy cover and height offers similar benefits to forest in terms of body condition and survival. </span>Landscape conservation approaches, promoting diverse matrices of structurally complex shade coffee and forest might best ensure long-term survival in Neotropical migrants like Canada Warbler.</p>
Alternative Proteins & Cellular Agriculture
<p>On May 22, 2020, Dr Ivana Gadjanski Stanic participated at the Coimbra Sustainability Summit, where she spoke about Alternative Proteins & Cellular Agriculture.<br> At this Summit, she also presented aims of BioSense's two GFI - founded projects: RealSense 1 & Realsense 2.</p>
Figure 2 in Noxious arthropods as potential prey of the venomous Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) in a West Javan volcanic agricultural system
Figure 2. Mean abundance of the most frequently captured arthropod taxa per trap type. Sample size: Malaise trap n = 21, sweep net n = 17, pitfall trap n = 9. Error bars: ± 1 SE.
Data from: Agricultural adaptation in the native North American weed waterhemp, Amaranthus tuberculatus (Amaranthaceae)
<p>There is increasing interest in documenting adaptation of weedy plant species to agricultural ecosystems, beyond the evolution of herbicide resistance. Waterhemp (<i>Amaranthus tuberculatus</i>) is a native plant of the Midwestern U.S. that began infesting agricultural fields in the 20<sup>th</sup> century within the central portion of its range. We hypothesized that the vegetative growth and reproductive traits of waterhemp from this heavily infested central region provide differential fitness benefits in agricultural environments. We collected seeds from across the species' native range, representing regions with varying degrees of waterhemp infestation, and planted them together in common garden soybean plots. A 2010 common garden experiment was conducted within the range of agriculturally weedy waterhemp (in Missouri), and a 2011 common garden experiment was conducted outside of this range (in Ohio). Days to flowering and flowering plant height, mature plant size data (height, number of branches, and length of the longest branch), and above-ground biomass were measured to estimate relative fitness. In both common garden locations, plants from regions where waterhemp occurs as an agricultural weed — including those from the heavily infested Mississippi Valley region (Iowa, Illinois, and Missouri) and the less severely infested Plains region (Nebraska, Kansas, and Oklahoma) — had higher relative performance in almost all fitness-related measures than plants from the Northeast region (Ohio, Michigan, and Ontario), which had little to no agriculturally weedy waterhemp at the time of our study. Further analysis revealed that fewer days to flowering in the Northeast populations can be largely accounted for by latitude of origin, suggesting a strong genetic influence on this reproductive trait. These findings suggest intraspecific variation in agricultural adaptation in a native U.S. weed, and support the use of agricultural weeds to study adaptation.</p>
Property Rights, Land Misallocation and Agricultural Efficiency in China
<p>This paper examines the impact of a property rights reform in rural China that allowed farmers to lease out their land. We find the reform led to increases in land rental activity in rural households. Our results indicate that the formalization of leasing rights resulted in a redistribution of land toward more productive farmers. Consequently, output and aggregate productivity increased by 8 and 10%, respectively. We also find that the reform increased the responsiveness of land allocation across crops to changes in crop prices.</p>
Statement to Joint Committee on Agriculture, Food and the Marine re: the Island Fisheries (Heritage Licence) Bill 2017
<p>Statement to Joint Committee on Agriculture, Food and the Marine re: the Island Fisheries (Heritage Licence) Bill 2017</p>
Manuscript code & data: Foster et al. (2020) "Satellite-based monitoring of irrigation water use: assessing measurement errors and their implications for agricultural water management policy"
<p>Data to reproduce results presented in Foster, T., Mieno, T. and Brozovic, N. (2020). <em>Satellite-based monitoring of irrigation water use: assessing measurement errors and their implications for agricultural water management policy.</em> Water Resources Research. In Review. Files provide include:</p> <ul> <li>"ReviewMetadata_FosterWRR_2020.xlsx" - data needed to reproduce meta-analysis presented in the paper</li> <li>"MeasurementErrorCode_FosterWRR_2020.m" and "Foster2018_ProductionFunction.mat" - Matlab code and data needed to reproduce welfare loss analysis presented in the paper.</li> </ul>
Supplement (interactive Excel tool) to MAGIC Deliverable 6.4 'Intervention directed towards environmental protection: Biodiversity conservation on agricultural land'
<p>Interactive Excel data sheets to analyse potential interventions (i.e. changes in land use type and intensity) in the Dutch dairy production system towards conserving biodiversity. The tool uses the Dutch dairy sector as a case study and represents the current land use by dairy farmers in the Netherlands. The measures applied result in different landscapes that satisfy different biodiversity targets. At the same time, the tool measures the (negative) impact on food production.</p> <p>This interactive Excel tool is a supplement to: Kok A., Ripoll Bosch R., de Olde E.M., Muscat A., de Boer I.J.M. (2020), 'Intervention directed towards environmental protection: Biodiversity conservation on agricultural land', MAGIC (H2020–GA 689669) Project Deliverable 6.4, 24 February 2020, available online: <a href="https://magic-nexus.eu/documents/d64-intervention-directed-towards-environmental-protection">https://magic-nexus.eu/documents/d64-intervention-directed-towards-environmental-protection</a>.</p> <p> </p>
Maintenance of variation in virulence and reproduction in populations of an agricultural plant pathogen
<p>Genetic diversity within pathogen populations is critically important for predicting pathogen evolution, disease outcomes, and prevalence. However, we lack a good understanding of the processes maintaining genetic variation and constraints on pathogen life‐history evolution. Here, we analyzed interactions between 12 wheat host genotypes and 145 strains of <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> from five global populations to investigate the evolution and maintenance of variation in pathogen virulence and reproduction. We found a strong positive correlation between virulence (amount of leaf necrosis) and reproduction (pycnidia density within lesions), with substantial variation in both traits maintained within populations. On average, highly virulent isolates exhibited higher reproduction, which might increase transmission potential in agricultural fields planted to homogeneous hosts at a high density. We further showed that pathogen strains with a narrow host range (i.e. specialists) for reproduction were on average less virulent, and those with a broader host range (i.e. generalists) were on average less fecund on a given specific host. These costs associated with adaptation to different host genotypes might constrain the emergence of generalists by disrupting the directional evolution of virulence and fecundity. We conclude that selection favoring pathogen strains that are virulent across diverse hosts, coupled with selection that maximizes fecundity on specific hosts, may explain the maintenance of these pathogenicity traits within and among populations.</p>
Dataset for: Short-term temperature history affects mineralization of fresh litter and extant soil organic matter, irrespective of agricultural management
<p>Dataset for the article:</p> <p>Mason-Jones, K., Vrehen, P, Koper, K., Wang, J., van der Putten, W.H., Veen, G.F. 2020. Short-term temperature history affects mineralization of fresh litter and extant soil organic matter, irrespective of agricultural management. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 150, 107985.</p> <p>Article DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.107985</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.