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5,312 results for “New Zealand”
Chionochloa rubra leaf litter decomposition at Mt Tongariro, New Zealand
<p><strong>Concept</strong>: Decomposition rates are an important component of carbon sequestration rates in soils, potentially mitigating future climate change. Here we aim to better understand decomposition's relationship with temperature in natural conditions.</p> <p><strong>Structure</strong>: In snow-tussock grassland dominated by <em>Chionochloa</em> <em>rubra</em> var. <em>rubra</em> on Mount Tongariro, Tongariro National Park, New Zealand, we measured decomposition of Chionochloa leaf litter along an ~ 700 m altitudinal gradient, as a space-for-temperature experiment, representing 4.2ºC of warming. For litter, we haphazardly collected attached, but achlorophyllous leaves, which were cut into 5 cm long segments and pooled per site. We examined decomposition rates in a full reciprocal translocation of litter bags between 8 plots as both the origin of 8 litter types and the 8 destinations of plating out of litter bags, over 4 years using 6 replicates. Litter decomposition bags, 20 cm x 25 cm in size, were of black nylon rectangular mesh with a pore size of 2 mm. We used 3.00 g of litter per bag, applied a wet/dry weight correction, and measured litter remaining after each time period. Bag recovery was 91 %. We went on to model decomposition's relationships to environmental variates.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Litter decomposed progressively over time, but at the same rate along the altitudinal gradient. There was no home-field advantage. In terms of litter quality, decomposition rates were related only to litter lignin, or fibre or litter N. Only decomposition at Year 4, and that only when organised by litter destination, showed a relationship to mean annual temperature jointly with soil C, and this was only weak and implausible. When studied across the full reciprocal transplant, there were no significant interactions between Origin and Destination data with or without Years. Therefore litter from each plot decomposed at the same rate as other plots' litter at all altitudes, allowing for small, often irregular differences in litter quality and micro-environment. </p>
Data from: Multiple origins of mountain biodiversity in New Zealand's largest plant radiation
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> How mountains accumulate species diversity remains poorly understood, particularly the relative role of <em>in situ</em> cladogenesis compared with colonization from lower elevations. Here, we estimated the contributions of <em>in situ</em> cladogenesis and colonization in generating biodiversity of a large mountain plant radiation and determined the importance of niche adaptation and divergence in these processes. We expected cladogenesis would accompany novel habitats formed by mountain uplift but colonization would become more important with time as dispersal opportunities accrue.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> New Zealand, Southern Alps</p> <p><strong>Taxon:</strong> <em>Veronica</em> sect. <em>Hebe</em> (Plantaginaceae)</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We estimated the most complete time-calibrated phylogeny to date for <em>Veronica</em> sect. <em>Hebe</em> to quantify rates of <em>in situ </em>cladogenesis and colonization of mountain habitat based on historical biogeographical models. We used environmental niche modeling to quantify species' climate niches and estimate niche disparity and divergence over time.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> <em>In situ </em>cladogenesis generated more species in the mountains than colonization from lowlands. Whereas cladogenesis slowed over time, colonization increased, especially in the alpine zone. Both adaptive ecological speciation along climate niche axes and non-adaptive, vicariant speciation contributed to cladogenesis. However, climate niche disparity through time became saturated, suggesting competition for niche space was important. Colonization brought more divergent species into mountain niches.</p> <p><strong>Main Conclusions:</strong> We suggest mountain diversity accumulates through three main stages: high cladogenesis after initial colonization, decreasing cladogenesis with increasing competition, and increasing colonization after niches saturate, likely promoted by niche divergence. Combining lineage and mountain uplift trajectories, these stages provide a conceptual model to understand how diversity accumulates elsewhere. Assuming these deep-time findings apply to anthropogenic conditions, alpine specialists could struggle to outcompete colonizers facilitated by climate change, especially from generalist clades. Considering novel competitive interactions alongside niche traits and biogeographical processes will be crucial for predicting the fate of alpine biodiversity in a changing world.</p>
Tree species Waititu (New Zealand) UAV imagery and reference data (raw)
<p>This dataset includes drone (Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles, UAV) orthomosaics of three plots (each plot covers approx. 100 by 100 m) acquired in November 2017 in Waititu (Fjordland) New Zealand. The resolution (ground sampling distance) of the orthomosaics amounts to approx. 2-3 cm. The orthomosaics feature RGB information and an estimated canopy height (normalized digital surface model, nDSM). The canopy height was derived by subtracting digital surface models (DSM) with digital terrain models (DTM). The DTMs were estimated from the lowest points. Details are given in the publication below.</p> <p>The orthomosaics are partially labelled (polygon shapefiles) for the two tree species, which are <em>Metrosideros umbellata</em>, an angiosperm of the Myrtaceae and <em>Dacrydium cupressinum,</em> a gymnosperm of the Podocarpaceae. The two species are abbreviated as <em>metumb </em>and <em>daccup</em>, respectively. The covered forests are primary forests with a high species richness and endemism.</p> <p>Each orthomosaic comes with an AOI (area of interest, polygon shapefile) that indicates the areas where the labelling was performed. Within the extent of this AOI the two tree species are assumed to be completely delineated (by visual interpretation guided with insitu data; details see publication below).</p> <p>For visual inspection of the imagery we recommend to generate image pyramids since the image data has a very high spatial resolution.</p> <p>Details on the dataset are mentioned in the corresponding publication:</p> <p>Kattenborn, T., Eichel, J., Wiser, S., Burrows, L., Fassnacht, F. E., & Schmidtlein, S. (2020). Convolutional Neural Networks accurately predict cover fractions of plant species and communities in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle imagery. <em>Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation</em>, <em>6</em>(4), 472-486.</p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.146">https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.146</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0034425719301166">https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/rse2.146</a></p> <p> </p> <p>Acknowledgements: The data acquisition was funded by the Catalyst: Leaders program financed by the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) and administered by the Royal Society of New Zealand and the MBIE Strategic Science Investment Fund to Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research</p>
Fig. 2 in Peripatopsidae (Onychophora) from New Zealand - observations on selected morphs of the 'Peripatoides novaezealandiae-complex' in culture: morphological and reproductive aspects
Fig. 2. Head of Monckton male, lateral view (20 x).
Data for: Static allometries do not reflect evolutionary allometry in exaggerated weaponry of male New Zealand sheetweb spiders (Cambridgea spp.)
<p>Across the animal kingdom, exaggerated weaponry is frequently used by one sex to contest access for potential mates. Within species, if disproportionate investment in weaponry confers an advantage to larger individuals, this may result in positive static allometry. It is predicted that the same selective pressures may also lead to positive evolutionary allometry, where larger species bear disproportionately large weapons on average, compared with smaller species. However it is unclear whether the slopes of species-specific static allometries are steeper among larger species, or remain consistent. All adult males across the New Zealand sheet-web spider genus Cambridgea bear exaggerated chelicerae which are used to compete for control of females' webs. Here, we characterise the distribution of chelicera lengths within each sex of 12 Cambridgea species to show that chelicerae almost always exhibit positive static allometry in males while female chelicera lengths are consistently isometric. We use comparative phylogenetic methods to demonstrate that the slopes of static allometries steepen in males of larger species but that the ratio of average chelicera length to cephalothorax width is tightly conserved across taxa, leading to an isometric evolutionary allometry. While sexual selection may drive weapon exaggeration within species, resulting in steeper or shallower static allometries, this conservation of relative trait size suggests that chelicera length is subject to other stabilising selective pressures. Changes to species body plans might be constrained, while allowing for disproportionate investment in weapon traits at the extremes of body sizes within species.</p>
Urban flask measurements of CO2ff and CO to identify emission sources at different site types in Auckland, New Zealand
<p>As part of the CarbonWatch-NZ research programme, air samples were collected at 28 sites around Auckland, New Zealand to determine the atmospheric ratio (R<sub>CO</sub>) of excess (local enhancement over background) carbon monoxide to fossil CO<sub>2</sub> (CO<sub>2</sub>ff). Sites were categorised into seven types (background, forest, industrial, suburban, urban, downwind, and motorway) to observe R<sub>CO</sub> around Auckland. Flasks from motorway sites observed R<sub>CO</sub> of 14 ± 1 ppb/ppm and were used to evaluate traffic R<sub>CO</sub>. The similarity between suburban (14 ± 1 ppb/ppm) and traffic R<sub>CO</sub> suggests that traffic dominates suburban CO<sub>2</sub>ff emissions during daytime hours, the period of flask collection. The lower urban R<sub>CO</sub> (11 ± 1 ppb/ppm) suggests that urban CO<sub>2</sub>ff emissions are comprised of more than just traffic, with contributions from residential, commercial, and industrial sources, all with a lower R<sub>CO</sub> than traffic. Finally, the downwind sites were believed to best represent R<sub>CO</sub> for Auckland City overall (11 ± 1 ppb/ppm). We demonstrate that the initial discrepancy between the downwind R<sub>CO</sub> and Auckland's estimated daytime inventory R<sub>CO</sub> (15 ppb/ppm) can be attributed to an overestimation in inventory traffic CO emissions. After revision based on our observed motorway R<sub>CO</sub>, the revised inventory R<sub>CO</sub> (12 ppb/ppm) is consistent with our observations. </p>
Data for: Juvenile leg autotomy predicts adult male morph in a New Zealand harvestman with weapon polymorphism
<p><span>Intraspecific weapon polymorphisms that arise via conditional thresholds may be affected by juvenile experiences such as predator encounters, yet this idea has rarely been tested. The New Zealand harvestman <em>Forsteropsalis</em> <em>pureora</em> has three male morphs: majors (alphas and betas) are large-bodied with large chelicerae used in male-male contests, while minors (gammas) are small-bodied with small chelicerae and scramble to find mates. Individuals use leg autotomy to escape predators and there is no regeneration of the missing leg. Here, we tested whether juvenile experience affects adult morph using leg autotomy scars as a proxy of predator encounters. Juvenile </span><span>males that lost at least one leg (with either locomotory or sensory function) had a 45 times higher probability of becoming a minor morph at adulthood than intact juvenile males. </span><span>Leg loss during development may affect foraging, locomotion, and/or physiology, potentially linking a juvenile's predator encounters to their final adult morph and future reproductive tactic.</span></p>
Data from: Are all forms of defense lost on islands? Persistence of an indirect defensive trait in six island colonists from New Zealand
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The loss of defense hypothesis posits that island colonizers experience a release from predation on the mainland and subsequently lose their defensive adaptations. However, while support for the hypothesis from direct defensive traits is abundant, far less is known about indirect defensive traits. Leaf domatia are cave-like structures produced on the underside of leaves that facilitate an indirect defensive interaction with predaceous and microbivorous mites. I tested the loss of defense hypothesis in six domatia-bearing taxa inhabiting New Zealand and its offshore islands. No support for the loss of defense hypothesis was found. Changes in domatia investment were instead associated with changes in leaf size – a trait that has been repeatedly observed to undergo rapid evolution on islands. Overall results suggest that not all types of defense are lost on islands. </span></p>
Soft skills required from software professionals in New Zealand (supplementary material)
<p>This repository contains supplementary material for the manuscript "Soft skills required from software professionals in New Zealand" published in Information and Software Technology (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2023.107232):</p> <ul> <li>adverts.zip: PDF or HTML files of analyzed adverts.</li> <li>adverts_and_soft_skills.xlsx: Mapping of adverts to identified soft skills.</li> <li>hiring_companies_details.xlsx: Details about each hiring company that posted adverts, including their size (number of employees), core business (software/non-software), domain (standard sector), domain (non-standard sector [if applicable]), geographic distribution and target markets.</li> <li>recruitment_agencies.txt: Names of recruitment agencies that posted adverts.</li> </ul>
FIG. 1 in Ulva L. (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) from Manawatāwhi/ Three Kings Islands, New Zealand: Ulva piritoka Ngāti Kuri, Heesch & W.A.Nelson, sp. nov. and records of two nonnative species, U. compressa and U. rigida
FIG. 1. — Map of northern New Zealand showing the position of Manawatāwhi/Three Kings Islands.
FIG. 2 in Ulva L. (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) from Manawatāwhi/ Three Kings Islands, New Zealand: Ulva piritoka Ngāti Kuri, Heesch & W.A.Nelson, sp. nov. and records of two nonnative species, U. compressa and U. rigida
FIG. 2. — Subtidal patches of Ulva piritoka Ngāti Kuri, Heesch & W.A.Nelson, sp. nov.
New Zealand InSAR coherence based on nationwide ascending Sentinel-1 datasets acquired during 2015 to 2021
<p>New Zealand Sentinel-1 coherence using ascending datasets acquired during 2015 to 2021 with ~100m resolution.</p>
RNZAF [Royal New Zealand Air Force] Biographies of Deceased Personnel 1939 - 1945 (Bound Volumes)
<p>Transcription of key military and biographical data from eleven bound Volumes of Royal New Zealand Air Force Biographies of Deceased Personnel from 1939 to 1945. Auckland War Memorial Museum Tāmaki Paenga Hira and Te Rua Mahara o te Kāwanatanga Archives New Zealand have worked in collaboration to transcribe these biographies for loading into individual <a href="https://www.aucklandmuseum.com/war-memorial/online-cenotaph/custom-search?k=RNZAF+%5bRoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force%5d+Biographies+of&srt=lna&pp=100">Online Cenotaph</a> records.</p> <ul> <li>RNZAF [Royal New Zealand Air Force] Biographies of Deceased Personnel 1939 - 1945 (Bound Volumes) - Ab - B. Archives New Zealand (R17845607). <a href="https://collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena/search#/entity/aims-archive/R17845607">https://collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena/search#/entity/aims-archive/R17845607</a></li> <li>RNZAF [Royal New Zealand Air Force] Biographies of Deceased Personnel 1939 - 1945 (Bound Volumes) - Bo - Cl. Archives New Zealand (R17845608) <a href="https://collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena/search#/entity/aims-archive/R17845608">https://collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena/search#/entity/aims-archive/R17845608</a></li> <li>RNZAF [Royal New Zealand Air Force] Biographies of Deceased Personnel 1939 - 1945 (Bound Volumes) - Co - Dy. Archives New Zealand (R17845609) <a href="https://collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena/search#/entity/aims-archive/R17845609">https://collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena/search#/entity/aims-archive/R17845609</a></li> <li>RNZAF [Royal New Zealand Air Force] Biographies of Deceased Personnel 1939 - 1945 (Bound Volumes) - Ea - Gw. ARchives New Zealand (R17845610) <a href="https://collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena/search#/entity/aims-archive/R17845610">https://collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena/search#/entity/aims-archive/R17845610</a></li> <li>RNZAF [Royal New Zealand Air Force] Biographies of Deceased Personnel 1939 - 1945 (Bound Volumes) - Ha - Hy. Archives New Zealand (R17845611) <a href="https://collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena/search#/entity/aims-archive/R17845611">https://collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena/search#/entity/aims-archive/R17845611</a></li> <li>RNZAF [Royal New Zealand Air Force] Biographies of Deceased Personnel 1939 - 1945 (Bound Volumes) - Ib - Ly. Archives New Zealand (R17845612) <a href="https://collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena/search#/entity/aims-archive/R17845612">https://collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena/search#/entity/aims-archive/R17845612</a></li> <li>RNZAF [Royal New Zealand Air Force] Biographies of Deceased Personnel 1939 - 1945 (Bound Volumes) - Ma - McW. Archives New Zealand (R17845613) <a href="https://collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena/search#/entity/aims-archive/R17845613">https://collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena/search#/entity/aims-archive/R17845613</a></li> <li>RNZAF [Royal New Zealand Air Force] Biographies of Deceased Personnel 1939 - 1945 (Bound Volumes) - Na - Py. Archives New Zealand (R17845614) <a href="https://collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena/search#/entity/aims-archive/R17845614">https://collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena/search#/entity/aims-archive/R17845614</a></li> <li>RNZAF [Royal New Zealand Air Force] Biographies of Deceased Personnel 1939 - 1945 (Bound Volumes) - Qu - Sl. Archives New Zealand (R17845615) <a href="https://collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena/search#/entity/aims-archive/R17845615">https://collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena/search#/entity/aims-archive/R17845615</a></li> <li>RNZAF [Royal New Zealand Air Force] Biographies of Deceased Personnel 1939 - 1945 (Bound Volumes) - Sm- Ty. Archives New Zealand (R17845616) <a href="https://collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena/search#/entity/aims-archive/R17845616">https://collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena/search#/entity/aims-archive/R17845616</a></li> <li>RNZAF [Royal New Zealand Air Force] Biographies of Deceased Personnel 1939 - 1945 (Bound Volumes) - Ue - Z. Archives New Zealand (R17845617) <a href="https://collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena/search#/entity/aims-archive/R17845617">https://collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena/search#/entity/aims-archive/R17845617</a></li> </ul> <p>These volumes are part of the Air Historical Branch series. </p> <p><a href="https://collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena/search#/entity/aims-archive/17263/air-historical-branch?q=R17845607&source=aims-archive">Air Historical Branch</a></p> <p>Code: 17263</p> <p>Holdings years: 1921 - 1968</p> <p>Summary: This series consists of various types of file created by the Air Historical Branch. It includes unregistered files, narratives of Royal New Zealand Air Force history, especially from the Second World War, biographies, photographs, personnel lists, wartime documents, published material, and translations of German Air Force documents.</p> <p>Location: Wellington repository</p> <p><strong>Please note that the transcription was completed by Auckland Museum staff and volunteers and will likely have some errors but we have done our best to provide an accurate representation of the documents.</strong></p>
Data: Single visit stigmatic pollen deposition by insect pollinators of Avocado (Persea americana) in New Zealand.
<p>A wide range of bee and non-bee insects visit the flowers of avocado (<em>Persea americana</em> Mill.) in New Zealand (Read et al., 2017). To determine whether any of these insects contribute to pollination, we assessed single visit stigmatic pollen deposition for 12 insect species. Orchards were located in the Bay of Plenty 37.4234° S, 176.7416° E (n=6) and Northland 35.4136° S, 173.9321° E (n=1) regions of New Zealand, and data was collected in 2013 and 2014. In total, data was collected from 312 flower visits. </p>
Phylogenomics improves the phylogenetic resolution and provides strong evidence of mito-nuclear discordance in two genera of a New Zealand cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) species radiation
<p>Rapid species radiations present difficulties for phylogenetic reconstruction due to lack of phylogenetic information and processes such as deep coalescence/incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization. Phylogenomic data can overcome some of these difficulties. In this study, we use Anchored Hybrid Enrichment (AHE) nuclear phylogenomic data and mitochondrial genomes recovered from AHE bycatch with several concatenated and coalescent approaches to reconstruct the poorly-resolved radiation of the New Zealand cicada species in the genera <em>Kikihia</em> Dugdale and <em>Maoricicada</em> Dugdale. Compared to previous studies using only three to five Sanger-sequenced genes, we find increased resolution across our phylogenies, but several branches remain unresolved due to topological conflict among genes. Some nodes that are strongly supported by traditional support measures like bootstraps and posterior probabilities still show significant gene and site concordance conflict. Additionally, we find strong mito-nuclear discordance; likely the result of interspecific hybridization events in the evolutionary history of <em>Kikihia</em> and <em>Maoricicada</em>.</p>
MitraClip System in Australia and New Zealand
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01301625. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 103.
Data for: Psychological distress, anxiety, suicidality, and wellbeing in New Zealand during the COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-sectional study
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Urban flask measurements of CO2ff and CO to identify emission sources at different site types in Auckland, New Zealand
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Molecular data and analysis specifications for a study on Atriophallophorus parasites from New Zealand
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Pioneering polyploids: the impact of whole-genome duplication on biome shifting in New Zealand Coprosma (Rubiaceae) and Veronica (Plantaginaceae)
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.