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5,108 results for “North America”
Fig. 12 in New Genera and Species of Oak-Associated Phylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from Western North America
Fig. 12. Distribution of species of the genera Crassomiris, Phallospinophylus, and Pygovepres.
Fig. 13 in New Genera and Species of Oak-Associated Phylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from Western North America
Fig. 13. Distribution of species of the genera Quercophylus, Rubellomiris, and Rubeospineus.
Fig. 3 in New Genera and Species of Oak-Associated Phylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from Western North America
Fig. 3. Head and male genitalic structures of Crassomiris spp. and Phallospinophylus setosus.
Fig. 2 in New Genera and Species of Oak-Associated Phylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from Western North America
Fig. 2. Habitus photographs of Rubellomiris spp. and Rubeospineus spp.
Adult male birds advance spring migratory phenology faster than females and juveniles across North America
<p>Advances in spring migratory phenology comprise some of the most well-documented evidence for the impacts of climate change on birds. Nevertheless, surprisingly little research has investigated whether birds are shifting their migratory phenology equally across sex and age classes – a question critical to understanding the potential for trophic mismatch. We used 60-years of bird banding data across North America – comprising over 4 million captures in total – to investigate both spring and fall migratory phenology for a total of 98 bird species across sex and age classes, with the exact numbers of species for each analysis depending on season-specific data availability. Consistent with protandry, in spring (n=89 species), adult males were the first to arrive and immature females were the last to arrive. In fall (n=98), there was little difference between sexes, but adults tended to depart earlier than juveniles. Over 60 years, adult males advanced their phenology the fastest (-0.84 days per decade, 95CrI = -1.22 to -0.47, n=36), while adult and immature females advanced at a slower pace, causing the gap in male and female arrival times to widen over time. In the fall, there was no overall trend in phenology by age or sex (n=57), driven in part by high interspecific variation related to breeding and molt strategies. Our results indicate consistent and predictable age- and sex-based differences in the rates at which species' springtime phenology is shifting. The growing gap between male and female migratory arrival indicates sex-based plasticity in adaptation to climate change that has strong potential to negatively impact current and future population trends.</p>
Data for Wildfire-induced Increases in Photosynthesis in Boreal Forest Ecosystems of North America
<div> <p>Jupyter notebooks and datasets for Kim et al. (2024), Global Change Biology<br><br><span>Kim, J. E.</span>, <span>Wang, J. A.</span>, <span>Li, Y.</span>, <span>Czimczik, C. I.</span>, & <span>Randerson, J. T.</span> (<span>2024</span>). <span>Wildfire-induced increases in photosynthesis in boreal forest ecosystems of North America</span>. <em>Global Change Biology</em>, <span>30</span>, e17151. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17151">https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17151</a></p> </div>
Foliar endophyte diversity in eastern Asia-eastern North America disjunct tree species – Influences of host identity, environment, phylogeny, and geographic isolation
<p><span>The well-known eastern Asia (EA) and eastern North America (ENA) floristic disjunction provides a unique system for biogeographic and evolutionary studies. Despite considerable interest in the disjunction, few studies have investigated the patterns and their underlying drivers of allopatric divergence in sister species or clades isolated in the two areas. Endophyte diversity and assembly in disjunct sister taxa, as an ecological trait, may have played an important role in the processes of allopatric evolution, but no studies have examined endophytes in these disjunct lineages. In this study, we compared foliar endophytes (including both fungi and bacteria) in 17 EA-ENA disjunct species pairs from genera representing conifers and major clades of angiosperms, as well as 23 species of </span><em>Cornus</em> from the US and China. We sequenced the ITS of fungi and 16S rDNA of bacteria to understand the composition of the endophyte community and gain insights into the relative roles of geographic isolation, host identity, phylogeny, and environment in shaping endophytic diversity patterns. We detected a much richer fungal than bacterial community in leaves of all species. Beta diversity varied greatly among individuals within species, between species, among genera, and among three natural environmental conditions. Based on a principal coordinates analysis, we found no close clustering of endophyte communities in samples from the same host plant species, from the same genus, or from the same geographic origin (i.e. EA or ENA) (when plants were grown in the same common garden), but we did detect clustering of samples from plants grown in the same environment (i.e., same geographic location). We observed separation of microbes in plant samples of the same species grown in different locations/environments. However, pooled samples across all species from the common garden with the same geographic origin (EA vs. ENA) showed a moderate level of dissimilarity in fungal endophytes between EA and ENA. An overall significant correlation between endophyte community dissimilarity and phylogenetic distance was detected among the disjunct genera but not among species of <em>Cornus</em>. However, significant correlation between order, family, and genera of endophytes and phylogenetic distance of Cornus species was observed. We also found no significant differences in Foliar Endophytic Fungal (FEF) communities between counterparts of disjunct species pairs in EA and ENA in most genera except in <em>Liriodendron</em> and <em>Cornus</em>, although the beta diversity within genera is high. Our results suggest important roles of host identity and environment (geographic locations), and a likely minor role of phylogenetic divergence and biogeographic isolation in shaping the pattern of foliar endophyte diversity and assembly in the EA-ENA disjunct genera, as well as in <em>Cornus</em>. The results further suggest that the sister taxa in EA and ENA are likely different in their foliar endophyte composition when growing in their native habitats due to differences in geographic locations and local environments, which is potentially a factor driving allopatric divergence of species functional features. This hypothesis can be tested by analysis of samples from native habitats.</p>
MIS 5e relative sea-level index points along the Pacific coast of North America
<p>This spreadsheet contains data and metadata on relative sea-level index points and associated ages for the Pacific coast of North America. This is Version 1.1, updated after the peer-review of the associated paper.</p>
Data repository for "Climate change increases the severity and duration of soil water stress in the temperate forest of eastern North America"
<p>Dataset provided for publication in Frontiers in Forests and Global Change : "Climate change increases the severity and duration of soil water stress in the temperate forest of eastern North America".</p>
Data from: Environment but not geography explains genetic variation in the invasive and largely panmictic European starling in North America
Populations of invasive species that colonize and spread in novel environments may differentiate both through demographic processes and local selection throughout the genome. European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were introduced to New York in 1890 and subsequently spread throughout North America, becoming one of the most widespread and numerous bird species on the continent. Genome-wide comparisons across starling individuals and populations can identify demographic and/or selective factors that facilitated this rapid and successful expansion. We investigated patterns of genomic diversity and differentiation using reduced-representation genome sequencing (ddRADseq) of 17 starling populations. Consistent with this species' high dispersal rates and rapid expansion history, we found low genome-wide differentiation and few FST outliers even at a continental scale. Despite starting from a founding population of approximately 180 individuals, North American starlings do not seem to have undergone a detectable genetic bottleneck: they have maintained an extremely large effective population size since introduction. We find more than 200 variants that correlate with temperature and/or precipitation. Genotype-environment associations (but not outlier scans) identify these SNPs against a background of negligible genome- and range-wide divergence. Such variants fall in the coding regions of genes associated with metabolism, stress, and neurological function. This evidence for incipient local adaptation in North American starlings suggests that it can evolve rapidly even in wide-ranging and evolutionarily young populations. This survey of genomic signatures of expansion in North American starlings is the most comprehensive to date and complements ongoing studies of world-wide local adaptation in these highly dispersive and invasive birds.
Mycorrhizal colonization and root diameter of native and invasive plants of eastern North America
<p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization (total and arbuscules) were measured in roots of 10 species of eastern North American woody plants. Five were non-native invasive and 5 were native species. Roots were collected from ingrowth cores over three harvests during a single season, from a common garden. Diameter was estimated from published root density and specific root length values for each species.</p>
Figures 1-7 in Confirmation of the existence of Heliophanus apiatus (Araneae: Salticidae) in the San Francisco Bay Area of California, USA, first records for North America
Figures 1-7. Heliophanus apiatus from the San Francisco Bay area of California. 1, Male feeding on Drosphila melanogaster. Note the deep black coloration with four white spots, and the white spots on the black palpi. 2, Female on retreat. Note the brown-black coloration and the lack of white spots or bands on the appendages. 3, Anterior view of female feeding on D. melanogaster, displaying the typical brilliant yellow palpi typical of all instars except mature males. 4, Early instar immature, ~2 mm long. Note the white abdominal markings or bands (not spots) that resemble early instars of Salticus. 5, Same specimen as (4) after the next molt, ~2.5 mm long. Subsequent instars resemble the adult female in coloration. 6, Adult male on edge of planter box. 7, Two immatures on a composite flower.
WikiProject Clinical Trials - WikiConference North America 2021 presentation
<p>Lane Rasberry presents "WikiProject Clinical Trials, Wikipedia for Research" at WikiConference North America 8 October 2021. Included here is a video recording of the live presentation and the slides presented.</p> <ul> <li>conference page: <a href="https://wikiconference.org/wiki/Submissions:2021/WikiProject_Clinical_Trials,_Wikipedia_for_Research">https://wikiconference.org/wiki/Submissions:2021/WikiProject_Clinical_Trials,_Wikipedia_for_Research</a></li> <li>slides archive: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WikiProject_Clinical_Trials.pdf">https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WikiProject_Clinical_Trials.pdf</a></li> <li>watch video: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HR35orgEmlA">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HR35orgEmlA</a></li> </ul> <p>Thanks</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Noun_clinical_benchmarking_1958245.svg">https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Noun_clinical_benchmarking_1958245.svg</a> by Bold Yellow</li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikipe-tan_full_length.svg">https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikipe-tan_full_length.svg</a> by Kasuga</li> </ul>
Data from: Above- and belowground drivers of intraspecific trait variability across subcontinental gradients for five ubiquitous forest plants in North America
<p class="MsoPlainText">Intraspecific trait variability (ITV) provides the material for species adaptation to environmental changes. To advance our understanding of how ITV can contribute to species adaptation to a wide range of environmental conditions, we studied five widespread understory forest species exposed to both continental-scale climate gradients, and local soil and disturbance gradients. We investigated the environmental drivers of between-site leaf and root trait variation, and tested whether higher between-site ITV was associated with increased trait sensitivity to environmental variation (i.e. environmental fit).</p> <p class="MsoPlainText">We measured morphological (specific leaf area: SLA, specific root length: SRL) and chemical traits (Leaf and Root N, P, K, Mg, Ca) of five forest understory vascular plant<span> </span>species at 78 sites across Canada. A total of 261 species-by-site combinations spanning ~4300 km were sampled, capturing important abiotic and biotic environmental gradients (neighbourhood composition, canopy structure, soil conditions, climate). We used multivariate and univariate linear mixed models to identify drivers of ITV and test the association of between-site ITV with environmental fit.</p> <p class="MsoPlainText">Between-site ITV of leaf traits was primarily driven by canopy structure and climate. Comparatively, environmental drivers explained only a small proportion of variability in root traits: these relationships were trait-specific and included soil conditions (Root P), canopy structure (Root N) and neighbourhood composition (SRL, Root K). Between-site ITV was associated with increased environmental fit only for a minority of traits, primarily in response to climate (SLA, Leaf N, SRL).</p> <p class="MsoPlainText">Synthesis. By studying how ITV is structured along environmental gradients among species adapted to a wide range of conditions, we can begin to understand how individual species might respond to environmental change. Our results show that generalizable trait-environment relationships occur primarily aboveground and only accounted for a small proportion of variability. For our group of species with broad ecological niches, variability in traits was only rarely associated with higher environmental fit, and primarily along climatic gradients. These results point to promising research avenues on the various ways in which trait variation can affect species performance along different environmental gradients.</p>
Aedes aegypti in North America (Microsatellite and SNP array)
<p>The <em>Aedes aegypti</em> mosquito first invaded the Americas about 500 years ago and today is a widely distributed invasive species and the primary vector for viruses causing dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever. Here we test the hypothesis that the North American colonization by <em>Ae. aegypti</em> occurred via a series of founder events. We present findings on genetic diversity, structure, and demographic history using data from 70 <em>Ae. aegypti</em> populations in North America genotyped at 12 microsatellite loci and/or ~20,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the largest genetic study of the region to date. We find evidence consistent with a colonization driven by serial founder effect (SFE), with Florida as the putative source for a series of westward invasions. This scenario was supported by 1) a decrease in the genetic diversity of <em>Ae. aegypti </em>populations moving west, 2) a correlation between pairwise genetic and geographic distances, and 3) demographic analysis based on allele frequencies. A few <em>Ae. aegypti</em> populations on the west coast do not follow the general trend, likely due to a recent and distinct invasion history. We argue that SFE provides a helpful albeit simplified model for the movement of <em>Ae. aegypti </em>across North America, with outlier populations warranting further investigation.</p>
Data from: Coyote diet in North America: geographic and ecological patterns during range expansion
<p>This dataset was used to review and analyze coyote diets across North America in "Coyote diets in North America: geographic and ecological patterns during range expansion" by Jensen et al. in Mammal Review. We only include data from studies that reported data as percent frequency of occurrence and from multiple seasons. We ultimately used 93 of the included studies (294 seasonal records) in our analyses.</p>
Population genetics and biogeography of the lungwort lichen in North America support distinct Eastern and Western gene pools
<p>Populations of species with large spatial distributions are shaped by complex forces that differ throughout their ranges. To maintain the genetic diversity of species, genepool-based subsets of widespread species must be considered in conservation assessments. In this study, the population genetics of the lichenized fungus Lobaria pulmonaria and its algal partner, Symbiochloris reticulata , were investigated to determine population structure, genetic diversity, and degree of congruency in eastern and western North America. Data loggers measuring temperature and humidity were deployed at selected populations in eastern North America to test for climatic adaptation. To better understand the role Pleistocene glaciations played in shaping population patterns, a North American, range-wide species distribution model was constructed and hindcast to 22,000 years before present and at 500-year time slices from then to the present. The presence of two gene pools with minimal admixture was supported, one in the Pacific Northwest and one in eastern North America. Western populations were significantly more genetically diverse than eastern populations. There was no evidence for climatic adaptation among eastern populations, though there was evidence for range-wide adaptation to evapotranspiration rates. Hindcast distribution models suggest that observed genetic diversity may be due to a drastic Pleistocene range restriction in eastern North America, whereas a substantial coastal refugial area is inferred in the west. Taken together the results show different, complex population histories of L. pulmonaria in eastern and western North America, and suggest that conservation planning for each gene pool should be considered separately.</p>
The geographic distribution of rodent granivory and cheek pouches across North America
<p>Seeds are an important food resource for many rodents. One of the specializations that many granivorous rodents exhibit to increase their efficiency in harvesting seeds is cheek pouches. However, many rodent species lack cheek pouches. We propose that the presence or absence of cheek pouches is related to seed size and the productivity of the habitat where those rodents reside. </p> <p><b>Location</b> North America – United States and Canada.</p> <p><b>Taxon</b> Granivorous rodents.</p> <p>We divided granivorous rodents into those species with and without cheek pouches. We then compiled a list of plant species (n = 389) that are known or suspected to be dispersed by these rodents via scatter hoarding the seeds in soil and compared the richness distributions of small (≤10 mm) and large seeds (>10 mm) to the distributions of rodents with and without cheek pouches. Large seeds are generally too large to fit into cheek pouches so they are usually carried one at a time with the incisors. Most rodents with cheek pouches live in the arid southwestern North America, whereas most rodents that lack cheek pouches live in the mesic southeastern North America. The richness distribution of rodents with cheek pouches was more similar to the richness distribution of small seeds, and the richness distribution of rodents that lack cheek pouches was more similar to the richness distribution of large seeds (nuts), although details of these distributions differed significantly. The body mass of rodents with cheek pouches (mean = 59.5 g) was significantly less than the body mass of rodents that lack cheek pouches (592.6 g). Large rodents that lack cheek pouches live mostly in the more productive southeastern portion of North America where there are many trees that produce large nuts. Small rodent with cheek pouches live mostly in the less productive southwestern portion of North America where there are many shrubs, forbs, and grasses that produce small seeds.</p>
EWINA_1st_RECORDS: Year of the first record of observation of each native and exotic earthworm species present in North America
<p>Year of the first record of each native and exotic earthworm species (Oligochaeta) present in North America. Stops in 2021.</p> <p>More details here: <a href="https://github.com/JeromeMathieuEcology/GlobalWorming">https://github.com/JeromeMathieuEcology/GlobalWorming</a>.</p>
EWINA_RICH : a database of EarthWorm native and alien species richness accross North America
<p><strong>EWINA_RICH</strong> gathers data on observed and predicted native and alien species richness of earthworms species across geographical units of North America (Mexico, US and Canada), based on data from 1850 to 2021.</p><p>Please refer to the published paper for the details about the process to produce the predictions and the general interpretation of the results.</p><p>Data are given at two distinct spatial resolutions</p><blockquote><p><strong>- Data at the resolution of counties or equivalent</strong></p><ul><li><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/61402820-f567-48fb-b030-2353b156a676/EWINA_counties.geojson">EWINA_counties.geojson: </a>Spatial layer of all counties or alike geographical units, with environmental covariates. Used to map geographical units and to predict RASR.</li><li><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/61402820-f567-48fb-b030-2353b156a676/EWINA_2000_counties_obs.csv">EWINA_2000_counties_obs.csv</a>: Observed earthworm species richness and RASR (Relative Alien Species Richness) in the geographical units with earthworm data, since year 2000, together with the environmtal covariates.(Coverage based estimates, used in the paper, will be released soon, feel free to reach out if you need them).</li><li><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/61402820-f567-48fb-b030-2353b156a676/EWINA_2000_counties_pred.csv">EWINA_2000_counties_pred.csv</a>: Predicted earthworm RASR (Relative Alien Species Richness) and its uncertainty, in all counties or equivalent, based on a model fitted on data after the year 2000.</li></ul><p><strong>- Data at the resolution of TDWG4 geographical units (≈ states)</strong></p><p>see <a href="https://www.tdwg.org/">the Biodiversity Information Facility Website</a> for more info about the definition of TDWG4 geographical units</p><ul><li><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/61402820-f567-48fb-b030-2353b156a676/EWINA_TDWG4_aboveground.geojson">EWINA_TDWG4_aboveground.geojson</a><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/61402820-f567-48fb-b030-2353b156a676/EWINA_counties.geojson">: </a>Spatial layer of TDWG4 geographical units, with above ground alien taxa richness from Dawson 2017 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0186">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0186</a>.</li><li><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/61402820-f567-48fb-b030-2353b156a676/EWINA_TDWG4_earthworms.csv">EWINA_TDWG4_earthworms_YYYY.csv:</a> Observed earthworm native and exotic species richness in the TDWG4 units, data cumulated from 1850 to YYYY.</li><li><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/dea6f9e3-c6b3-488a-85ea-a9c6d63799c4/EWINA_TDWG4_fun.csv">EWINA_TDWG4_fun.csv</a>: Observed native and alien earthworm species functionnal role in the TDWG4 units, data cumulated from 1850 to 2021.</li></ul></blockquote><p>All data files are provided with a readme file that explains the meaning of the variables.</p><p>Scripts to use the data are stored on GitHub: <a href="https://github.com/JeromeMathieuEcology/GlobalWorming">https://github.com/JeromeMathieuEcology/GlobalWorming</a></p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.