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5,828 results for “Traits”
Figure 1 in Application Of Lichen Functional Traits In Identification Of Temperate Old-Growth Broad-Leaved Forests
Figure 1. Studied forest stands (noted with dots).
Figure 3 in Application Of Lichen Functional Traits In Identification Of Temperate Old-Growth Broad-Leaved Forests
Figure 3. One of study sites. Photo: A. KrugÔikova.
Fig. 5 in Variation In Cone And Seed Morphology Traits Among The Mitochondrial Dna Haplotypes Of Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.)
Fig. 5. Distribution of the seed wing shape (%, units) between and within Scots pine mitotypes.
Fig. 1 in A dataset on African bats' functional traits
Fig. 1 Graphical workflow of AfroBaT dataset construction.
FIGURE 3 in Leaf trait data of two Miocene floras from eastern China and its palaeoclimate implications
FIGURE 3. Distribution of the leaf size classes in the Toupi flora and Shengxian flora.
Linking individual and species-level leaf traits with ontogenetic development stage to explain tree performance under competition and environmental contexts
<p><span>To verify how species traits and individual traits link ontogenetic size, external biotic and abiotic factors to influence tree performance. In a temperate natural forest in northeastern China, we measured dynamic performance, size, as well as competition, topography, and soil variables as biotic and abiotic variables for all 1320 trees of 17 species in 62 monitoring plots from 2010-2020. For each individual tree, we also measured five typical functional traits representing leaf size and elemental content: leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen content, and leaf carbon : nitrogen ratios. These traits are not only strongly associated with performance, but trade-offs between traits have previously been shown to express plant acquisitive-conservative strategy characteristics. Reconceptualized based on previous understanding of trait-based approach (Fig. 1). We first tested the direct explanatory effects of species traits and individual traits on performance in multifactorial contexts.</span> <span>We first tested the direct explanatory effects of species traits and individual traits on performance in multifactorial contexts. Subsequently, we analyzed the moderating and mediating effects of these two levels of traits in explaining ontogenetic size, external competition, and environmental influences on performance. The following three questions were posed in response to the results:</span></p> <p><em><span>QI: Do species and individual traits differ in directly explaining performance in a multifactor context that includes ontogenetic size, external biotic and abiotic factors?</span></em></p> <p><em><span>QII: How species and individual traits explain the effect of ontogenetic size on performance</span> </em><em><span>by moderating and mediating effects.</span></em></p> <p><em><span>QIII: Can traits at the species and individual level influence competition- and environment-performance relationships</span> </em><em><span>through trait-based approaches? Does ontogenetic size work jointly with traits at different levels in this process?</span></em></p>
Fungal trait-environment relationships in wood-inhabiting communities of boreal forest patches
<p>Fungal traits can provide a mechanistic understanding of how wood-inhabiting fungi interact with their environment and how that influences community assembly in deadwood. However, fungal trait exploration is relatively new and almost no studies measure fungal traits in their environment. In this study we tested species- and trait-environment relationships in reproducing fungal communities inhabiting 571 Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em>) logs in 55 isolated forest patches (0.1-9.9 ha) of different naturalness types, located in Northern boreal Sweden. The studied patches were (1) semi-natural set-aside patches within highly managed landscapes, or (2) old-growth natural patches located in an unmanaged landscape. We tested species and trait relationships to deadwood substrate and forest patch variables. We measured mean fruit body size and density for each of the 19 species within communities. Traits assembled in relation to log decay stage and forest patch naturalness, illustrating the important role of deterministic environmental filtering in shaping reproducing wood-inhabiting fungal communities. Early decay stage communities had larger, less dense, annual fruiting bodies of half-resupinate type and were more often white-rot fungi. Species rich mid decay stage communities had mixed trait assemblages with more long lived perennial fruit bodies of intermediate size, and both brown- and white-rot fungi equally represented. Finally, late decay stage communities had smaller, denser and perennial fruit bodies, more often of the brown-rot type. The relationships between the studied traits and decay stages were similar in both set-aside and natural patches. However, set-aside semi-natural patches in highly managed landscapes more frequently supported species with smaller, perennial, and resupinate fruit bodies compared to natural patches in an unmanaged landscape.</p> <p><em>Synthesis</em></p> <p>We found that log decay stage was the primary driver of fungal community assembly of species and traits in isolated forest patches. Our results suggest that decay stage filters four reproduction traits (fruit body density, size, lifespan and type) and one resource-use trait (white or brown rot). Our results highlights, for the first time, that communities with diverse fungal reproductive traits are maintained foremost across all deadwood decay stages under different forest naturalness conditions.</p>
Data from: Individual differences in sociocognitive traits in semi-free-ranging rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
<p>Characterizing individual differences in cognition is crucial for understanding the evolution of cognition as well as to test the biological consequences of different cognitive traits. Here, we harnessed the strengths of a uniquely large, naturally-living primate population at the Cayo Santiago Biological Field Station to characterized individual differences in rhesus monkey performance across two social cognitive tasks. A total of <em>n</em> = 204 semi-free-ranging adult rhesus monkeys participated in a data collection procedure, where we aimed to test individuals on both tasks at two time-points that were one year apart. In the <em>socioemotional responses task,</em> we assessed monkeys' attention to conspecific photographs with neutral versus negative emotional expressions. We found that monkeys showed overall declines in interest in conspecific photographs with age, but relative increases in attention to threat stimuli specifically, and further that these responses exhibited long-term stability across repeated testing. In the <em>gaze following task</em> we assessed monkeys' propensity to co-orient with an experimenter. Here, we found no evidence for age-related change in responses, and responses showed only limited repeatability over time. Finally, we found some evidence for common individual variation for performance across the tasks: monkeys that showed greater interest in conspecific photographs were more likely to follow a human's gaze. These results show how studies of comparative cognitive development and aging can provide insights into the evolution of cognition, and identify core primate social cognitive traits that may be related across and within individuals.</p>
Data from: Phenotypic selection on an ornamental trait is not modulated by breeding density in a pied flycatcher population
<p>Most studies of phenotypic selection in the wild have focused on morphological and life-history traits and looked at abiotic (climatic) variation as the main driver of selection. Consequently, our knowledge of the effects of biotic environmental variation on phenotypic selection on sexual traits is scarce. Population density can be considered a proxy for the intensity of intra- and inter-sexual competition and could therefore be a key factor influencing the covariation between individual fitness and the expression of sexual traits. Here, we used an individual-based data set from a population of pied flycatchers (<em>Ficedula hypoleuca</em>) monitored over 24 years to analyse the effect of breeding density on phenotypic selection on dorsal plumage colouration, a heritable and sexually selected ornament in males of this species. Using the number of recruits as a fitness proxy, our results show overall stabilizing selection on male dorsal colouration, with intermediate phenotypes being favoured over extremely dark and dull individuals. However, our results did not support the hypothesis that breeding density mediates phenotypic selection on this sexual trait. We discuss the possible role of other biotic factors influencing selection on ornamental plumage.</p>
Data from: Native plant traits and invasibility of restored communities: Importance of environmental context and trait hierarchies
<p>During community assembly, theory predicts trait convergence among species due to environmental filtering, and trait divergence due to biotic filtering. Learning how traits of non-native species enable them to overcome these filters informs the process of invasion.<strong> </strong>We manipulated mixtures of native plants in a large restoration project in Southern California that was initially dominated by non-native annual grasses and forbs but was restored to a mixture of native shrubs, grasses, and forbs. We measured subsequent establishment and performance by three non-native species (<em>Brassica nigra</em>, <em>Salsola tragus,</em> and <em>Sonchus oleraceus</em>) on N- and S-facing slopes to investigate relationships between the abiotic environment, native community composition, and invasibility in the context of trait-driven ecological filters. We then evaluated which community metrics influenced invader performance and tested whether relationships between invader performance and community-weighted traits varied depending on slope aspect. Plots with slow-growing native shrubs contained less of the fast-growing invasive, <em>Brassica nigra</em>. Invasibility was greatest in native communities restored with native grass and on N-facing slopes. Traits of individual species indicated relatively greater biotic as compared to environmental filtering. For example, abundance of <em>Phacelia cicutaria</em>, a native annual with traits most like invasive <em>Brassica nigra</em>, was negatively correlated with abundance of that invasive. Several community-weighted trait metrics were also significantly related to invasibility, but the direction of the relationship varied depending on the specific functional trait, community-weighted trait measure (mean or dispersion), invader, and slope aspect. The native functional group that was more likely to prevent invasion by non-native annual species (native shrubs) was different from the single species that most prevented invasion (a native forb). In restoration planning, functional groups and trait values of individual species may point to different mixtures of native species that prevent invasion by specific non-natives, depending on priority effects. Understanding the priority effects and trait hierarchies that underly biotic filtering appears critical to interpreting community-weighted traits and their complexity of responses to environmental variation in space and time. </p>
Measuring the benefit of a risk-induced trait response: vigilance and survival probability
<p>Defensive traits are hypothesized to benefit prey by reducing predation risk from a focal predator but come at a cost to the fitness of the prey. Variation in the expression of defensive traits is seen among individuals within the same population, and in the same individual in response to changes in the environment (i.e., phenotypically plastic responses). It is the relative magnitude of the cost and benefit of the defensive trait which underlies the defensive trait expression and its consequences to the community. However, whereas the cost has received much attention in ecological research, the benefit is seldom examined. Even in a defensive trait as extensively studied as vigilance, there are few studies of the purported benefit of the behavior, namely that vigilance enhances survival. We examined if prey vigilance increased survival and quantified that benefit in a natural system, with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) experiencing unmanipulated levels of predation risk from Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi). Deer that spent more time vigilant (as measured by head position using camera trap data) had a higher probability of survival. Indeed, an individual deer that were vigilant 75% of the time were more than three times as likely to be killed by panthers over the course of a year compared to a deer that were vigilant 95% of the time. Our results therefore show that within-population variation in the expression of a defensive trait has profound consequences to the benefit it confers. Our results provide empirical evidence supporting a long-held but seldom tested hypothesis, that vigilance is a behavior that reduces the probability of predation and quantified the benefit of this defensive trait. Our work furthers an understanding of the net effects of a trait on prey fitness and predator-prey interactions, within-population variation in traits, and predation risk effects.</p>
Combining local ecological knowledge with camera traps to assess the link between African mammal life history traits and their occurrence in anthropogenic landscapes
<p>Understanding what influences species and trait composition is critical for predicting changes in communities driven by landscape transformation. </p> <p>We explored how life history traits are associated with the persistence of mammal species in human-dominated habitats within the Garden Route Biosphere Reserve, South Africa. We combined data from a camera trap and a local ecological knowledge-based survey in an integrated occupancy model to analyze species occurrence along a gradient of anthropogenic landscape transformation. </p> <p>Results confirmed that mammal occurrence in human-modified habitats was related to specific life history traits. Species with more specialist diets, as well as larger body mass species were more likely to stay in protected areas. Species with slow reproductive strategies occupied more natural areas. </p> <p>Our study also showed that combining different monitoring methods enabled us to increase spatial coverage and mammal sighting numbers. This approach fostered research participation by various stakeholders, an important step for co-designing wildlife-friendly anthropogenic spaces. </p> <p><strong>Synthesis and applications: </strong>Integrating data from a standard ecological protocol and structured participatory citizen knowledge allowed us to identify the species functional traits associated with mammal species occurrence in anthropogenic landscapes at a local scale. These results advocate for wisely combining methods, and will guide conservation orientated land-use planning towards the protection of natural habitats in the Garden Route Biosphere Reserve. This methodological approach will enable managers and conservationists to use data obtain from diverse protocols. This should catalyze the involvement of citizens in biodiversity monitoring and conservation.</p>
Plant trait matrix for fire-prone Mediterranean chronosequences
<p>A database of 23 traits for 117 Mediterranean plant species. It includes three groups of traits: i) four whole-plant traits (bud height, sclerophylly, xerophily and resprouting ability), ii) ten above-ground traits (plant height, flowering time and span, leaf size, area, weight, thickness, specific leaf area, seed size and dispersal distance), and iii) nine below-ground traits (root length, depth, laterality, root depth:laterality ratio, root weight, specific root length, root C and N concentration and the root CN ratio).</p>
Social selection analysis reveals limited effect of neighbors' traits in Tree swallows
<p>Social interactions are ubiquitous in nature and can shape fitness of individuals through social selection. This type of selection arises when phenotypes of neighbors influence the fitness of a focal individual. Quantifying social selection is crucial to better characterise the overall selective landscape. For example, if intraspecific competition is strong, traits that are beneficial for an individual could be detrimental for competitors. In this study, we quantified social selection acting on four key ecological traits (body mass, wing length, laying date and clutch size) in wild Tree swallow (<em>Tachycineta bicolor)</em> females. We used reproductive success measured at three stages throughout the breeding season as fitness proxies to assess selection acting at those decisive moments. We also quantified the effects of environment on selection using measures of conspecifics' density, type of agricultural landscape and presence of interspecific competitors. Overall, we found no strong evidence of social selection on these traits in our study system, although there were marginally non-significant selection gradients suggesting positive effect of larger neighbors. Environmental variables affected reproductive success but did not affect social selection gradients. Our study calls for more social selection estimates to be reported across environments to better understand its importance in wild populations.</p>
Data for Disentangling the influence of phylogeny and traits on climatic risk of European butterflies
<p>R code and dataset associated with Gianuca et al. 2024 "Disentangling the influence of phylogeny and traits on climatic risk of European butterflies", Global Ecology and Biogeography.</p> <p>The data includes climatic risks, traits and Phylogenetic eigenvectors.</p> <p>We provide data and metadata including traits, ecological characteristics and climatic risks for different scenarios of climate change and climate tracking scenarios</p> <p>We provide the phylogeny for 496 European species</p> <p>We provide a prunned phylogeny to facilitate the analysis of the species with available information (268 species)</p> <p>We provide the code to run the analysis as described in the main text</p> <p> </p>
A trait database for Phytoplankton of temperate lakes: numerical file
<p>Phytoplankton is a choice ecological indicator of lake ecological quality. Microalgae composing this biological compartment display a large diversity of morphological, physiological and ecological features, which are useful for understanding the interactions they have with other biotic and abiotic elements. Such kind of information together with classical Utermöhl phytoplankton analyses are useful for lake management and basic science. We present here a reference database of morphological (cell and colony sizes, biovolumes, mobility apparatus, colony formation), functional (functional groups of Reynolds, Padisak and Kruk, zooplankton edibility groups), physiological (trophic capacities) and ecological traits (Brettum index values) of more than 1200 taxa often observed in temperate lakes. This database, maintained since the 70’s until nowadays is now realized open access. A scientific paper associated to this database presents an overview of its content.</p>
Fish functional diversity traits
<b>Description: </b><p>Traits matrix for all fish species caught at SAFE and Danum during electrofishing only</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/57"><b>Composition and abundance of tropical freshwater vertebrate communities across a land use gradient</b></a></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=84">here</a></p><p><b>Data worksheets: </b>There are 1 data worksheets in this dataset:</p><ol><li><p><b>Fish functional diversity traits </b> (Worksheet Data)</p><p>Dimensions: 44 rows by 11 columns</p><p>Description: Traits matrix for all fish species caught at SAFE and Danum during electrofishing only</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>taxon_name</b>: Identity of the species (Field type: Taxa)</li><li><b>Body_size</b>: Mean body length of each species (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>body_shape</b>: Body shape of each species (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li><li><b>trophic_position</b>: Dominant trophic position of each species (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li><li><b>mouth_position</b>: Mouth position of each species (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li><li><b>presence_teeth</b>: Presence of absence of jaw teeth (no = absent, yes=presence) (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li><li><b>gregariousness</b>: Gregariousness of each species - do they school or not (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li><li><b>presence_barbels</b>: Presence or absence of barbels on each species (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li><li><b>vertical_position_water</b>: Vertical postion in the water column of each species (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li><li><b>air-breathing_capability</b>: Presence or absence of air breathing capability of each species (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li></ul><br></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2013-04-12 to 2018-01-01</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.5000 to 5.0700</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.7500 to 117.8200</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div>Animalia<br> - Chordata<br> -  - Actinopterygii<br> -  -  - Anguilliformes<br> -  -  -  - Anguillidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Anguilla</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Anguilla borneensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Anguilla marmorata</i><br> -  -  - Cypriniformes<br> -  -  -  - Balitoridae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Gastromyzon</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gastromyzon ingeri</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gastromyzon lepidogaster</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Homalopteroides</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Homalopteroides stephensoni</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Protomyzon</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Protomyzon borneensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Protomyzon griswoldi</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Protomyzon microstoma</i>]<br> -  -  -  - Cyprinidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Anematichthys</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Anematichthys repasson</i> (as <i>Cyclocheilichthys repasson</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Barbonymus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Barbonymus balleroides</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Crossocheilus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Crossocheilus elegans</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Garra</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Garra borneensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Hampala</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hampala sabana</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Leptobarbus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Leptobarbus melanotaenia</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Lobocheilos</i> (as <i>Lobocheilus</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Lobocheilus erinaceus</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Lobocheilus unicornis</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Luciosoma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Luciosoma pelligrini</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Nematobramis everetti</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Osteochilus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Osteochilus chini</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Osteochilus ingeri</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Puntius</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Puntius sealei</i> (as <i>Barbodes sealei</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Rasbora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Rasbora cf. sumatrana</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rasbora elegans</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rasbora hubbsi</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Tor</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tor tambra</i><br> -  -  -  - Nemacheilidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Nemacheilus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nemacheilus olivaceus</i><br> -  -  - Perciformes<br> -  -  -  - Channidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Channa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Channa striata</i><br> -  -  -  - Cichlidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Oreochromis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i><br> -  -  -  - Osphronemidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Betta</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Betta unimaculata</i><br> -  -  - Siluriformes<br> -  -  -  - Bagridae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Hemibagrus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hemibagrus baramensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hemibagrus fortis</i><br> -  -  -  - Clariidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Clarias</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clarias anfractus</i><br> -  -  - Synbranchiformes<br> -  -  -  - Mastacembelidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Macrognathus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Macrognathus keithi</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Mastacembelus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mastacembelus unicolor</i><br></div><p></p>
Genome-wide association studies identify candidate genes for coat color and mohair traits in the Iranian Markhoz goat
<p>Illumina Caprine 53K SNPchip genotypes of 228 Iranian goats used for coat color and mohair traits GWAS</p>
Figure 1 in Soil BON Earthworm - A global initiative on earthworm distribution, traits, and spatiotemporal diversity patterns
Figure 1. Summary of essential steps of the earthworm sampling protocol.
All trait data
<p>This zip archive records all of the trait records in EOL__s graph database. It contains five .csv files: pages.csv listing taxa and their names, traits.csv with trait records, metadata.csv with auxiliary records referred to by trait records, inferred.csv (see below) and terms.csv listing all of the relationship URIs in the database. For a description of the schema, see https://github.com/EOL/publishing/blob/master/doc/trait-schema.md</p> <p>https://github.com/EOL/eol_website/blob/master/doc/trait-schema.md inferred.csv lists additional taxa to which a trait record applies by taxonomic inference, in addition to the ancestral taxon to which it is attached. For instance, the record describing locomotion=flight for Aves is also inferred to apply to most of the descendants of Aves, except for any flightless subclades that are excluded from the inference pattern. All the trait record referred to in the 2nd column of the inferred file have full records available in the traits file. </p> <p>For questions or use cases calling for large, multi-use aggregate data files, please visit the EOL Services forum at</p> <p>http://discuss.eol.org/c/eol-services</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.