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Fig. 8 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 8. Plectambonitoid brachiopods from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia. A. Leangella sp., shell, GIT 542-222, Riekstini-15, depth 859.3 m, ventral (A1), dorsal (A2), and lateral (A3) views. B. Eoplectodonta sp., incomplete ventral valve, GIT 542-21, Stirnas-18, 911.9 m, ventral view.

Fig. 6 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 6. Leptostrophiid brachiopods from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia A–E, G) and southwestern Estonia (F). A. Eostropheodonta hirnantensis (M`Coy, 1851), Taagepera, depth 413.9 m, moulds of ventral valves, GIT 542-337/1 A1) and GIT 542-337/2 (A2), exterior views. B, E. Eostropheodonta cf. parvicostellata Rong, 1984. B. Shell, GIT 542-381, Vilcini-19, 906.4 m, exterior view of dorsal valve (B1) and view on interarea (B2). E. Mould of dorsal valve, LDM G328-12, Priekule-33, 1395.6 m, exterior view. C, D, F, G. Coolinia sp. C. Mould of ventral valve, LDM G328-26, Dižrungi-17, 984.5 m, exterior view. D. Ventral valve, LDM G328-26, Dizrungi-17, 984.5 m, exterior view. F. Fragment of dorsal valve, GIT 542-364, Ruhnu-500, depth 612.9 m, view of cardinalia (F1) and exterior view (F2). G. Incomplete ventral valve, GIT 542 48-2, Stirnas-18, 899.0 m, interior view. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 11 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 11. Dalmanellid brachiopods from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia A–D, F–I) and southwestern Estonia (E). A, B, D, H, I. Onniella sp. A. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-66, Aispute-41, depth 1001.15 m, exterior view. B. Ventral valve, LDM 382-50, Dižrungi-17, 896.0 m, ventral view. D. Shell, GIT 542-471, Riekstini-15, 860.85, dorsal (D 1), ventral (D 2), and lateral (D 3) views. H. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-480, Krjukai, 968.6 m, dorsal exterior view. I. Shell, GIT 542-472, Kandava-26, 964.5 m, ventral (I 1) and dorsal (I 2) views. C, E, F. Draborthis cf. caelebs Marek and Havliček, 1967. C. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-392, Riekstini-15, 857.5, interior view. E. Dorsal valve, GIT 542- 67, Ruhnu-500, 914.0 m, exterior view. F. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-4393, Mežmali-16, 913.2 m, interior view. G. Drabovia sp., dorsal valve, GIT 542-473, Mežmali-16, 910.1 m, interior view. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 5 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 5. Leptostrophiid brachiopod Eostropheodonta hirnantensis (M`Coy, 1851) from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia. A. Ventral valve, GIT 542-316, Riekstini-15, depth 850.3 m, ventral exterior view. B. Ventral valve, GIT 542-333, Riekstini-15, 854.0 m, fragment of valve with ornament (B 1) and exterior view (B 2). C. Juvenile specimen, GIT 542-319, Mežmali-16, 906.56 m, ventral exterior view. D. Ventral valve, GIT 542-385, Aispute-41, 1000.5 m, interior view. E. Bedding plane with numerous casts of valves, GIT 542- 360, Vilcini-19, 906.5 m.

Fig. 4 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 4. Strophomenoid brachiopods from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia (A–F, H) and southwestern Estonia (G). A, B, F–H. Paromalomena polonica (Temple, 1965). A. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-299, Mežmali-16, depth 911.8 m, exterior view. B. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-352-1, Adze-6, 844.5 m, split into two parts: exterior view (B1) and impression (B2). F. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-377, Aispute-41, 884.4 m, exterior view. G. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-361, Ikla, 535.3 m, exterior view. H. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-355, Mežmali-16, 912.2 m, exterior view (H 1) and view of the chilidium (H2). C. Eostropheodonta cf. parvicostellata Rong, 1984. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-365, Aispute-41, depth 988.7 m, exterior view. D–E. Proboscisambon? sp. D. Mould of dorsal valve, GIT 542-53, Stirnas-18, depth 908.2 m, exterior view. E. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-322-1, exterior view; Riekstini-15, 858.6 m. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 2. A in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 2. A. The facies belts in the Baltic Basin and the study area. B. The location of drill core sections. C. Enlarged Jurkalne area. Black dots mark the locality of the drill core with brachiopods of the Hirnantia Fauna; empty dots indicate occurrences of the Hirnantia Fauna (from Paškevičius 1997, 2000). Drill cores: 1, Stirnas-18; 2, Pliekalni-14: 3, Dizrungi-17, 4, Vilcini-19; 5, Adze-6; 6, Dreimaņi-11; 7, Riekstini-15; 8, Mežmaļi-16; 9, Mežvagari-13, 10, Ēdole-60; 11, Anši. Distribution of the Hirnantian rocks: a, outer limit the the Porkuni Stage, including of the Saldus Formation on the NE areas; b, outer limit of the Saldus Formation in northern part of region; c, outer limits of the distribution area of the Kuldiga Formation.

Fig. 3 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 3. Leptaenin brachiopods from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia A–D, F–G), southwestern Estonia (E). A, B, D, F, G. Leptaena (L.) rugosa (Dalman, 1828). A. Shell, LDM G 273-1, Ēdole-60 drill core, depth 840.7 m, ventral (A1) and ventro-lateral (A2) views. B. Shell, GIT G 542-2, Vilcini-15, 910.35 m (figured in Kaljo et al. 2008), ventral (B1) and posterior (B2) views. D. Shell, GIT 542-17, Stirnas-18, 908.6 m, dorsal exterior view. F. Shell, GIT 542-18, Stirnas-18, 909.4 m, ventral view. G. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-197, Sturi-8, 941.8 m, view of interior (G1) and cruralium (G2). C, E. Leptaena sp. C. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-189, Vilcini-15, 909.3 m, exterior view. E. Incomplete ventral valve, GIT 542-192, Ikla, 536.5 m, exterior view. Scale bars 10 mm.

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Fig. 2 in A new fossil provannid gastropod from Miocene hydrocarbon seep deposits, East Coast Basin, North Island, New Zealand

Fig. 2. Generalised stratigraphy of the East Coast Basin, showing the Miocene−age seep carbonates that occur as isolated lenses within the mudstones of the Tolaga Group. The organic−rich, underlying Waipawa Black Shale is thought to be one of the likely source rocks. Abbreviations: Bx, Bexhaven Limestone; Ih, Ihungia Limestone; To, Tolaga Group; Wb, Weber Formation; Wn, Wanstead Formation; Wp, Waipawa Black Shale. Figure modified from Campbell et al. (2008).

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Fig. 1 in A new fossil provannid gastropod from Miocene hydrocarbon seep deposits, East Coast Basin, North Island, New Zealand

Fig. 1. Overview of relevant geology of the East Coast Basin, North Island, New Zealand, showing locations of the fossil seep deposits from which type specimens and a possible specimen of Provanna marshalli sp. nov. were collected. 1. Puketawa. 2. Rocky Knob. 3. Ugly Hill. CP, Cape Palliser; HSZ, Hikurangi subduction zone; M, Marlborough; TVZ, Taupo Volcanic Zone. Also shown are some of the modern offshore seeps on the Hikurangi margin, including Ritchie Ridge, from which several modern Provanna specimens have been reported. Inset shows the Hikurangi subduction zone as part of the transpressive boundary between the Indo−Australian and Pacific Plates. Figure modified from Campbell et al. (2008).

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Fig. 3 in A new fossil provannid gastropod from Miocene hydrocarbon seep deposits, East Coast Basin, North Island, New Zealand

Fig. 3. Field photographs showing the Middle Miocene Rocky Knob type locality and collection location of the assemblages that yielded most of the specimens of Provanna marshalli sp. nov. A. Main scarp of the deposit, white asterisk marks the collection location. B. Slab in which an assemblage (arrowed) was found, located a few metres from a smaller block (not pictured) that yielded the majority of the specimens; locations of photos C and D marked by squares. C, D. Other taxa (arrowed) found in association with the assemblage within the boulder. C. Worm tubes (wide arrow) and lucinid bivalves (thin arrows). D. Bathymodioline bivalves. Photographs taken by KAC (1997: fig. 3A) and KPS (2008: fig. 3B–D).

Fig. 6 in New brachiopods from the Lower-Middle Ordovician (Billingen-Volkhov stages) of the East Baltic

Fig. 6. Bivariate plots of 51 measured specimens of Leoniorthis robusta. Solid rhombi represent specimens from Putilovo mud mound, open squares represent specimens from Popovka River, triangles represent specimens from Suhkrumägi road cut.

Fig. 5 in New brachiopods from the Lower-Middle Ordovician (Billingen-Volkhov stages) of the East Baltic

Fig. 5. Leoniorthis robusta gen. et. sp. nov. A–F. Specimens from Putilovo mud mound. G–J. Specimens from Popovka River. A. Holotype, PMU In 110, dorsal exterior (A1) and interior (A2). B. PMU In 111, ventral exterior. C. PMU In 145, ventral interior. D. PMU In 144, ventral interior. E. PMU In 120, dorsal interior (E1); enlargement of cardinal region (E2). F. PMU In 153, oblique view of hingeline and dorsal valve of conjoined specimen. G. PMU In 121, dorsal exterior. H. PMU In 122, dorsal interior. I. PMU In 125, ventral exterior. J. PMU In 123, ventral interior. Scale bars 1 mm.

Fig. 2 in New brachiopods from the Lower-Middle Ordovician (Billingen-Volkhov stages) of the East Baltic

Fig. 2. The standard section in Putilovo Quarry compared with the mud mound section (after Tolmacheva, Fedorov, and Egerquist in press). Levels with occurrences of Neumania paucicostata are marked with squares; levels with Leoniorthis robusta are marked with circles.

Fig. 4 in New brachiopods from the Lower-Middle Ordovician (Billingen-Volkhov stages) of the East Baltic

Fig. 4. Neumania paucicostata sp. nov. Specimens from Putilovo Quarry. A. Holotype PMU In 108; ventral valve interior (A1), enlargement of the spondylium showing the muscle attachment area (A2). B. PMU In 113, oblique internal view of ventral valve showing the U−shaped spondylium. Note that this specimen does not possess rounded muscle scars as in the holotype. C. PMU In 112, enlargement of spondylium on broken ventral valve, slightly oblique view showing theroughmuscleattachmentarea. D.PMUIn109,ventralviewofconjoinedspecimen. E.ExteriorofspecimenPMUIn228indifferentviews. F.PMUIn107, dorsal interior and exterior. G. PMU In 224; oblique posterior view of cardinalia (G1), dorsal valve interior (G2). Scale bars 1 mm.

Fig. 3. Neumania paucicostata. A. Dorsal valve interior showing the anteriorlylobedmusclescars,drawnfromspecimenPMUIn107. B in New brachiopods from the Lower-Middle Ordovician (Billingen-Volkhov stages) of the East Baltic

Fig. 3. Neumania paucicostata. A. Dorsal valve interior showing the anteriorlylobedmusclescars,drawnfromspecimenPMUIn107. B.Lateralview of ventral valve drawn from specimen PMU In 108 (holotype).

Fig. 9 in Frasnian-Famennian extinction and recovery of rhynchonellid brachiopods from the East European Platform

Fig. 9. Transverse serial sections of Ripidiorhynchus livonicus (Buch, 1834) from the early Frasnian of the Main Devonian Field, northwestern Russia. Numbers refer to distances in mm from the top of the ventral umbo. A. CNIGR 1/13076. B. Longitudinal section. CNIGR 2/13076, Chudovo beds, Vybuty rapids, Velikaya River, Pskov region. C. CNIGR 3/13076, Dubnik beds, quarry near town Stary Izborsk, Pechory district.

Fig. 7 in Frasnian-Famennian extinction and recovery of rhynchonellid brachiopods from the East European Platform

Fig. 7. Transverse serial sections of Ripidiorhynchuschencinensis sp. nov. from the Givetian, Jaźwica Mbr., Góra Zamkowa, Poland. Numbers refer to distances in mm from the top of the ventral umbo. A. GIUS 4−216/R−10−2. B. Longitudinal section of GIUS 4−216/R−10−3.

Fig. 6 in Frasnian-Famennian extinction and recovery of rhynchonellid brachiopods from the East European Platform

Fig. 6. Ripidiorhynchus chencinensis sp. nov. from the late Givetian of Poland. A–D. Holotype, GIUS 4−216/R−10 in ventral, dorsal, lateral, and anterior views, × 1.5. E–H. Juvenile shell GIUS 4−216/R−10−1 in ventral, dorsal, lateral, and anterior views, × 1.5. Jaźwica Mbr., Góra Zamkowa.

Fig. 10. A–I in Frasnian-Famennian extinction and recovery of rhynchonellid brachiopods from the East European Platform

Fig. 10. A–I. Ripidiorhynchushuotinus (Verneuil, 1845). A–D. CNIGR 763/4572 from the early Famennian, Zadonsk Horizon, central regions of Russia, in ventral, dorsal, anterior, and lateral views. Sosna River basin. E–I.CNIGR 4/13076, ventral, dorsal, lateral, posterior, and anterior views. Kamenka village. J–Q. Ripidiorhynchusgriasicus (Nalivkin, 1934), from early Famennian, Elets Horizon, Sosna River basin. J–M. Neotype. CNIGR 266/4572, ventral, dorsal, anterior, and lateral views. N–Q. CNIGR1046/4572, ventral, lateral, dorsal, and anterior views. R–U. Ripidiorhynchuscernosemicus (Nalivkin, 1934) CNIGR 862/4572, ventral, dorsal, anterior, and lateral views. Early Famennian, Zadonsk Horizon, Sosna River basin. All × 1.5.

Fig. 15 in Frasnian-Famennian extinction and recovery of rhynchonellid brachiopods from the East European Platform

Fig. 15. Transverse serial sections of Globulirhynchiaminima sp. nov. from the early Famennian, Evlanovo Horizon, Don River basin, Zadonsk region, central Russia.Numbers refer to distances in mm from the top of the ventral umbo. A. CNIGR 15/13076. B. CNIGR 16/13076. C. CNIGR 17/13076.