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Dataset results
1,187 results for “herbivores”
Transcriptome sequencing and microarray development for the woodrat (Neotoma spp.): custom genetic tools for exploring herbivore ecology
GEO Series GSE43941. Neotoma bryanti; Neotoma lepida. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Effects of Drought and Flooding on Herbivore-Triggered Transcriptomic Response in Solanum dulcamara
GEO Series GSE69648. Solanum dulcamara. 18 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
NaJAZh regulates a subset of defense responses against herbivores and counteracts developmental necrosis in Nicotiana attenuata plants
GEO Series GSE33681. Nicotiana attenuata. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Transcriptomic basis for reinforcement of elm anti-herbivore defense mediated by insect egg deposition
GEO Series GSE77985. Ulmus minor. 54 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Dicer-like proteins and their role in plant-herbivore interactions in Nicotiana attenuata
GEO Series GSE30124. Nicotiana attenuata. 9 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Transcriptome sequencing of a keystone aquatic herbivore yields insights on the temperature-dependent metabolism of essential lipids [15°C]
GEO Series GSE130673. Daphnia magna. 15 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Arabidopsis thaliana wild type mechanical damage (MD) vs herbivore wounding (HW)
GEO Series GSE40923. Arabidopsis thaliana. 4 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Effect of drought on herbivore-induced plant gene expression: Population comparison for range limit inferences
GEO Series GSE78101. Boechera stricta. 13 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Interactive responses of Solanum dulcamara to drought and insect feeding are herbivore species specific
GEO Series GSE122893. Solanum dulcamara. 24 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Tissue specific diurnal rhythm of transcripts and their regulation during herbivore attack in Nicotiana attenuata
GEO Series GSE30287. Nicotiana attenuata. 134 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
The genome of Tetranychus urticae reveals herbivorous pest adaptations
GEO Series GSE32342. Tetranychus urticae. 26 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing; Non-coding RNA profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Evolution of the herbivore associated elicitor induced early defence signalling networks in Nicotiana
GEO Series GSE75006. Nicotiana attenuata. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Intraspecific difference among herbivore lineages and their host-plant specialization drive the strength of trophic cascades
<p>Dataset from the publication Intraspecific difference among herbivore lineages and their host-plant specialization drive the strength of trophic cascades</p>
Data from: Herbivore consumers face different challenges along opposite sides of the stoichiometric knife edge
Anthropogenic activities have reshaped the relative supply rates of essential elements to organisms. Recent studies suggested that consumer performance is strongly reduced by food that is either very high or very low in relative phosphorus content. However, the generality of such 'stoichiometric knife-edge' and its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We studied the response of a planktonic rotifer to a tenfold food carbon:phosphorus (C:P) gradient and confirmed the existence of the stoichiometric knife-edge. Interestingly, we observed a complete homeostatic breakdown associated with strong growth reductions at high food C:P. In contrast, at low food C:P animals maintained homeostasis despite pronounced performance reductions. Our results suggest that the mechanisms underlying adverse effects of stoichiometric imbalance are determined by both the identity of elements that are limiting and those that are present in excess. Negative effects of excess P reveal an additional way of how eutrophication may negatively affect consumers.
Data from: Interactions among predators and plant specificity protects herbivores from top predators
The worldwide loss of top predators from natural and agricultural systems has heightened the need to understand how important they are in controlling herbivore abundance. The effect of top predators on herbivore species is likely to depend on 1) the importance of the consumption of intermediate predators by top predators (intra-guild predation; IGP), but also on 2) plant specificity by herbivores, because specialists may defend themselves better (enemy-free space; EFS). Insectivorous birds, as top predators, are generally known to effectively control herbivorous insects, despite also consuming intermediate predators such as spiders, but how this effect varies among herbivore species in relation to the cascading effects of IGP and EFS is not known. To explore this, we excluded birds from natural fynbos vegetation in South Africa using large netted cages and recorded changes in abundance relative to control plots for 199 plant-dwelling intermediate predator and 341 herbivore morpho-species that varied in their estimated plant specificity. We found a strong negative effect of birds on the total abundance of all intermediate predators, with especially clear effects on spiders (strong IGP). In contrast with previous studies, which document a negative effect of birds on herbivores, we found an overall neutral effect of birds on herbivore abundance, but the effect varied among species: some species were negatively affected by birds, suggesting that they were mainly consumed by birds, whereas others, likely released from spiders by IGP, were positively affected. Some species were also effectively neutrally affected by birds. These tended to be more specialized to plants compared to the other species, which may imply that some plant specialists benefited from protection provided by EFS from both birds and spiders. These results suggest that the response of herbivore species to top predators may depend on cascading effects of interactions among predators and on their degree of plant specificity.
Data from: NDVI is not reliable as a surrogate of forage abundance for a large herbivore in tropical forest habitat
Remotely-sensed vegetation indices are increasingly being used in wildlife studies but field-based support for their utility as a measure of forage availability come largely from open-canopy habitats. We assessed whether normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) represents forage availability for Asian elephants in a southern Indian tropical forest. We found that the number of food species was a small percentage of all plant species. NDVI was not a good measure of food abundance in any vegetation category partly because of (a) small to moderate proportional abundances of food species relative to the total abundance of all species in that category (herbs and shrubs), (b) abundant overstorey vegetation resulting in low correlations between NDVI and food abundance, despite a high proportional abundance of food species and a concordance between total abundance and food species abundance (graminoids), and (c) the relevant variables measured and important as food at the ground level (count and GBH) not being related to primary productivity (trees and recruits). NDVI had a negative relationship with the total abundance of graminoids, which represent a bulk of elephant and other herbivore diet, because of negative interaction with other vegetation and canopy cover that positively explained NDVI. Spatially interpolated total graminoid abundance modelled from field data outperformed NDVI in predicting total graminoid abundance, although interpolation models of food graminoid abundance were not satisfactory. Our results reject the utility of NDVI in mapping elephant forage abundance in tropical forests, a finding that has implications for studies of other herbivores also.
Data from: An insect ecosystem engineer alleviates drought stress in plants without increasing plant susceptibility to an above-ground herbivore
Climate change models predict more extreme rainfall patterns, ranging from droughts to deluges, which will inevitably affect primary productivity in many terrestrial ecosystems. Insects within the ecosystem, living above- and below-ground, may modify plant responses to water stress. For example, some functional groups improve soil conditions via resource provision, potentially alleviating water stress. Enhanced resource provision may, however, render plants more susceptible to herbivores and negate beneficial effects. Using a model system, we tested how plants (Brassica oleracea) responded to drought, ambient and increased precipitation scenarios when interacting with both a soil conditioning ecosystem engineer (dung beetles; Bubas bison) and an above-ground herbivore, the major crop pest diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella). Dung beetles enhanced soil water retention by 10% and promoted growth in plants subjected to drought by 280%, relieving the impacts of water stress on plants. Under drought conditions, plants grown with dung beetles had c. 30% more leaves and were over twice as tall as those without dung beetles. Dung beetles produced a 2·7-fold increase in nitrogen content and more than a threefold increase in carbon content of the shoots, though shoot concentrations of nitrogen and carbon were unchanged. Carbon concentrations in roots, however, were increased by dung beetles under both ambient and increased precipitation regimes. Increased precipitation reduced root and shoot nitrogen concentrations by 16% and 30%, relative to plants under ambient regimes, respectively, most likely due to dilution effects of increased plant growth under increased precipitation. Soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations were largely unaffected. While dung beetles enhanced plant growth and nitrogen content in plants experiencing drought, the anticipated increase in plant suitability to herbivores did not arise, possibly because shoot nitrogen concentrations and C:N ratio were unaffected. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an insect ecosystem engineer alleviating the effects of predicted drought events on plants via physical manipulation of the soil matrix. Moreover, their effects did not change plant suitability to an above-ground herbivore, pointing to potential beneficial role for insect ecosystem engineers in climate change adaptation and crop protection.
Data from: Specialist insect herbivore and light availability do not interact in the evolution of an invasive plant
Release from specialist insect herbivores may allow invasive plants to evolve traits associated with decreased resistance and increased competitive ability. Given that there may be genetic trade-off between resistance and tolerance, invasive plants could also become more tolerant to herbivores. Although it is widely acknowledged that light availability affects tolerance to herbivores, little information is available for whether the effect of light availability on tolerance differ between the introduced and native populations. We conducted a common garden experiment in the introduced range of Alternanthera philoxeroides using ten invasive US and ten native Argentinean populations at two levels of light availability and in the presence or absence of a specialist stem-boring insect Agasicles hygrophila. Plant biomass (total and storage root biomass), two allocation traits (root/shoot ratio and branch intensity, branches biomass/main stem biomass) and two functional traits (specific stem length and specific leaf area), which are potentially associated with herbivore resistance and light capture, were measured. Overall, we found that A. philoxeroides from introduced ranges had comparable biomass and tolerance to specialist herbivores, lower branch intensity, lower specific stem length and specific leaf area. Moreover, introduced populations displayed higher shade tolerance of storage root biomass and lower plastic response to shading in specific stem length. Finally, light availability had no significant effect on evolution of tolerance to specialist herbivores of A. philoxeroides. Our results suggest that post-introduction evolution might have occurred in A. philoxeroides. While light availability did not influence the evolution of tolerance to specialist herbivores, increased shade tolerance and release from specialist insects might have contributed to the successful invasion of A. philoxeroides.
Data from: Rain downpours affect survival and development of insect herbivores: the specter of climate change?
Changes in the frequency, duration, and intensity of rainfall events are among the abiotic effects predicted under anthropogenic global warming. Heavy downpours may profoundly affect the development and survival of small organisms such as insects. Here, we examined direct (physically on the insects) and indirect (plant‐mediated) effects of simulated downpours on the performance of caterpillars of two lepidopteran herbivores (Plutella xylostella and Pieris brassicae) feeding on black mustard (Brassica nigra) plants. Host plants were exposed to different rainfall regimes both before and while caterpillars were feeding on the plants in an attempt to separate direct and indirect (plant‐mediated) effects of rainfall on insect survival and development. In two independent experiments, downpours were simulated as a single long (20 min) or as three short (5 min) daily events. Downpours had a strong negative direct effect on the survival of P. xylostella, but not on that of P. brassicae. Direct effects of downpours consistently increased development time of both herbivore species, whereas effects on body mass depended on herbivore species and downpour frequency. Caterpillar disturbance by rain and recorded microclimatic cooling by 5°C may explain extended immature development. Indirect, plant‐mediated effects of downpours on the herbivores were generally small, despite the fact that sugar concentrations were reduced and herbivore induction of secondary metabolites (glucosinolates) was enhanced in plants exposed to rain. Changes in the frequency of precipitation events due to climate change may impact the survival and development of insect herbivores differentially. Broader effects of downpours on insects and other arthropods up the food chain could seriously impair and disrupt trophic interactions, ultimately destabilizing communities.
Data from: Small mammal herbivores mediate the effects of soil nitrogen and invertebrate herbivores on grassland diversity
1. Simultaneous reductions in herbivore abundance and increases in nitrogen deposition have led to radical shifts in plant communities worldwide. While the individual impacts of these human-caused disturbances are apparent, few studies manipulate both herbivory and N, nor differentiate among herbivore guilds, to understand contingencies in the ability of these drivers to affect producer diversity and productivity. As such, understanding how the main and combined effects of increasing soil N with declining herbivores may influence plant community structure and function is critical to better understand the future of grassland ecosystems under multiple global change drivers. 2. In this study, we asked: (1) What are the main effects of small mammal herbivores, invertebrate herbivores, and soil N on plant community structure and function? and (2) Are the effects of invertebrate herbivores and soil N on plant community structure and function contingent on small mammal herbivory? We used a design, with invertebrate and soil N treatments nested within small mammal manipulations in an existing tall grass prairie. We quantified plant community structure ( plant richness, evenness, diversity, and composition). We also recorded total aboveground biomass to quantify grassland productivity. 3. We found that small mammal herbivores strongly shaped plant diversity, species composition, and productivity. Small mammal herbivores also mediated the effects of soil N and invertebrate herbivores on grassland community structure, but not composition or productivity. Small mammal reduction lowered plant species richness while increasing above ground biomass and altering compositional similarity. Invertebrate herbivores, in the presence of small mammals, promoted plant dominance by reducing evenness without altering compositional similarity. Additionally, soil nitrogen addition reduced plant richness, but only when small mammals were reduced, and no effects on compositional similarity or productivity. 4. Our findings provide further evidence that temperate grasslands productivity and diversity are driven by top and bottom up factors.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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