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FIGURE 5 in A new species of Philoria (Anura: Limnodynastidae) from the uplands of the Gondwana Rainforests World Heritage Area of eastern Australia
FIGURE 5. Population structure analysis of the SNP data for A) P. kundagungan and B) P. loveridgei. For collection locality site numbering refer to Table 1 and Fig. 1.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Philoria (Anura: Limnodynastidae) from the uplands of the Gondwana Rainforests World Heritage Area of eastern Australia
FIGURE 2. SNP cluster analyses of northern Philoria. A) PCoA of all northern taxa without P. sphagnicolus, B) STRUCTURE bar chart of all northern taxa without P. sphagnicolus with k= 3 as optimal cluster number; bar chart of samples of P. kundagungan-P. pughi-P. richmondensis with k= 2 as optimal cluster number; bar chart showing separation of P. pughi and P. richmondensis with k= 2 as optimal cluster number.
FIGURE 9 in A new species of Philoria (Anura: Limnodynastidae) from the uplands of the Gondwana Rainforests World Heritage Area of eastern Australia
FIGURE 9. Philoria knowlesi sp. nov. holotype QM J95824, male from Ballow Creek, Mount Barney National Park, southeastern Queensland. A) ventral view, B) lateral view, C) snout, D) lateral view of head, E) palmar view of hand, F) plantar view of foot.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Philoria (Anura: Limnodynastidae) from the uplands of the Gondwana Rainforests World Heritage Area of eastern Australia
FIGURE 1. Map showing collection locations for Philoria for the molecular genetic analyses (coloured symbols) and museum voucher records (brown dots). Numbers refer to the locality code in Table 1. Philoria sphagnicolus records are not shown (see Table 1).
FIGURE 8 in A new species of Philoria (Anura: Limnodynastidae) from the uplands of the Gondwana Rainforests World Heritage Area of eastern Australia
FIGURE 8. Philoria loveridgei in life A) QM J86652 Green Mountains Section, Lamington National Park, Qld; B) No voucher, Mount Mumdjin, Springbrook National Park, Qld; C) AMS R186686 Border Ranges NP, NSW; D) AMS R186687 Border Ranges National Park, NSW; E) AMS R186703 Wollumbin National Park, NSW; F) AMS R186701 Wollumbin National Park, NSW; G) QM J86652 ventral view Lamington National Park, Qld; H) QM J86651 ventral view, Springbrook National Park, Qld; I) AMS R186684 ventral view Border Ranges National Park, NSW; and J) AMS R186701 ventral view Wollumbin National Park, NSW.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Philoria (Anura: Limnodynastidae) from the uplands of the Gondwana Rainforests World Heritage Area of eastern Australia
FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic analyses of SNP data from northern Philoria. A) Maximum likelihood IQTree with bootstrap proportions from 100 pseudo-replicates from a fast search. B) SVD Quartets tree with bootstrap proportions from 100 pseudo-replicates with full search.
FIGURE 4 in A new species of Philoria (Anura: Limnodynastidae) from the uplands of the Gondwana Rainforests World Heritage Area of eastern Australia
FIGURE 4. Bayesian mitochondrial ND4 phylogram with maximum likelihood bootstrap proportions (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right) values at each node. The tree was rooted with sequences for the outgroup P. frosti but we excluded these so that the tree could be presented at a readable scale due to the long branch to the outgroup. Numbers at start of each terminal taxon name refer to locality code in Table 1.
Distribution. Most of Africa S of the Sahara Desert, except in lowland tropical rainforests. Spotted Hyenas have been extirpated from many areas of southern Africa. in Hyaenidae
Distribution. Most of Africa S of the Sahara Desert, except in lowland tropical rainforests. Spotted Hyenas have been extirpated from many areas of southern Africa.
Does stress mess with rodents' heads? Influence of habitat availability and genetic factors in mandible fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in South American water rats (Nectomys squamipes, Sigmodontinae) from Brazilian Atlantic rainforest remnants
<p>Loss of developmental stability can lead to deviations from bilateral symmetry (i.e. Fluctuating Asymmetry -FA), and is thought to be caused by environmental and genetic factors associated with habitat loss and stress. Therefore, levels of FA might be a valuable tool to monitor wild populations if FA serves an indicator of exposure to stress due to impacts of habitat loss and fragmentation. In studies examining FA and habitat fragmentation, FA levels are often explained by loss of genetic variation, though few studies have addressed FA's use as indicator of environmental impact. Here we investigated whether habitat loss, genetic variation and/or inbreeding affect the developmental instability in Brazilian Atlantic rainforest populations of a Neotropical water rat (Nectomys squamipes). We sampled individuals from eight forest remnants with different amounts of available habitat and assessed FA levels with geometric morphometric techniques using adult mandibles. We used observed heterozygosity (Ho) and inbreeding coefficient (Fis), from seven microsatellite markers, as a proxy of genetic variation at individual and population levels. Populations were not significantly different for shape or size FA levels. Furthermore inter-individual variation in both shape and size FA levels, as well as inter-populational differences in size FA levels, were best explained by chance. However, habitat availability was negatively associated with both inter-populational variance and average shape FA levels. This association was stronger in populations living in areas with less than 20% of habitat available, which presented higher variance and higher average of FA, suggesting that Nectomys squamipes might have a tolerance threshold to small availability of habitat. Our work was one of the first to use FA to address environmental stress caused by reduced habitat availability in small mammal populations from a Neotropical biome. We suggest that shape FA might serve as a conservation tool to monitor human impact on natural animal populations.</p>
Subspecies and Distribution. L. w. wiedit Schinz, 1821 — SE Brazil to NE Argentina. L. w. amazonicus Cabrera, 1917 — upper Amazonas, Brazil. L. w. boliviae Pocock, 1941 — Andean slopes. L. w. cooperi Goldman, 1943 — SE Texas to N Mexico border (could be extinct). L. w. glauculus Thomas, 1903 — dry country of Mexico. L. w. nicaraguaeJ. A. Allen, 1919 — Central America. L. w. vigens Thomas, 1904 — NE Brazil to the Guyanas. L. w. yucatanicus Nelson & Goldman, 1931 — rainforest regions of Mexico. in Felidae
Subspecies and Distribution. L. w. wiedit Schinz, 1821 — SE Brazil to NE Argentina. L. w. amazonicus Cabrera, 1917 — upper Amazonas, Brazil. L. w. boliviae Pocock, 1941 — Andean slopes. L. w. cooperi Goldman, 1943 — SE Texas to N Mexico border (could be extinct). L. w. glauculus Thomas, 1903 — dry country of Mexico. L. w. nicaraguaeJ. A. Allen, 1919 — Central America. L. w. vigens Thomas, 1904 — NE Brazil to the Guyanas. L. w. yucatanicus Nelson & Goldman, 1931 — rainforest regions of Mexico.
Subspecies and Distribution. P. o. onca Linnaeus, 1758 — Amazon and Orinoco basin rainforests. P.o. arizonensis Goldman, 1932 — SW USA (Arizona) to NW Mexico (Sonora). P. o. centralis Mearns, 1901 — Nicaragua to Colombia. P. o. goldmani Mearns, 1901 — Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico S to Belize and N Honduras. P. o. hernandesi Gray, 1857 — W Mexico (S Sonora to Oaxaca). P. o. palustris Ameghino, 1888 — S Brazil S through Uruguay to N Argentina (the Rio Negro in Chaco province). P. o. paraguensis Hollister, 1914 — Paraguay. P. o. peruviana de Blainville, 1843 — coastal regions of Ecuador and Peru. P.o. veraecrucis Nelson & Goldman, 1933 — S USA (C Texas, now extinct) to SE Mexico (Chiapas). in Felidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P. o. onca Linnaeus, 1758 — Amazon and Orinoco basin rainforests. P.o. arizonensis Goldman, 1932 — SW USA (Arizona) to NW Mexico (Sonora). P. o. centralis Mearns, 1901 — Nicaragua to Colombia. P. o. goldmani Mearns, 1901 — Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico S to Belize and N Honduras. P. o. hernandesi Gray, 1857 — W Mexico (S Sonora to Oaxaca). P. o. palustris Ameghino, 1888 — S Brazil S through Uruguay to N Argentina (the Rio Negro in Chaco province). P. o. paraguensis Hollister, 1914 — Paraguay. P. o. peruviana de Blainville, 1843 — coastal regions of Ecuador and Peru. P.o. veraecrucis Nelson & Goldman, 1933 — S USA (C Texas, now extinct) to SE Mexico (Chiapas).
On following pages: 327. Rufous Tube-nosed Bat (Murina leucogasten; 328. Bicolored Tube-nosed Bat (Murina bicolon); 329. Rongjiang Tube-nosed Bat (Murina rongjiangensis); 330. Fang He Tube-nosed Bat (Murina fanjingshanensis); 331. Shuipu Tube-nosed Bat (Murina shuipuensis); 332. Dusky Tube-nosed Bat (Murina fusca); 333. Hilgendorf's Tube-nosed Bat (Murina hilgendorf); 334. Little Tube-nosed Bat (Murina aurata); 335. Jaintia Tube-nosed Bat (Murina jaintiana); 336. Rainforest Tube-nosed Bat (Murina pluvialis); 337. Fea's Tube-nosed Bat (Murina feae); 338. Beelzebub Tube-nosed Bat (Murina beelzebub); 339. Lorelie's Tube-nosed Bat (Murina lorelieae); 340. Vietnamese Tube-nosed Bat Murina harpioloides); 341. Golden-haired Tube-nosed Bat (Murina chrysochaetes); 342. Harrison's Tube-nosed Bat (Murina harrisoni); 343. Ussuri Tube-nosed Bat (Murina ussuriensis); 344. Gloomy Tube-nosed Bat (Murina tenebrosa); 345. Ryukyu Tube-nosed Bat (Murina ryukyuana); 346. Hutton's Tube-nosed Bat (Murina huttonii); 347. Taiwan Tube-nosed Bat (Murina puta). in Vespertilionidae
On following pages: 327. Rufous Tube-nosed Bat (Murina leucogasten; 328. Bicolored Tube-nosed Bat (Murina bicolon); 329. Rongjiang Tube-nosed Bat (Murina rongjiangensis); 330. Fang He Tube-nosed Bat (Murina fanjingshanensis); 331. Shuipu Tube-nosed Bat (Murina shuipuensis); 332. Dusky Tube-nosed Bat (Murina fusca); 333. Hilgendorf's Tube-nosed Bat (Murina hilgendorf); 334. Little Tube-nosed Bat (Murina aurata); 335. Jaintia Tube-nosed Bat (Murina jaintiana); 336. Rainforest Tube-nosed Bat (Murina pluvialis); 337. Fea's Tube-nosed Bat (Murina feae); 338. Beelzebub Tube-nosed Bat (Murina beelzebub); 339. Lorelie's Tube-nosed Bat (Murina lorelieae); 340. Vietnamese Tube-nosed Bat Murina harpioloides); 341. Golden-haired Tube-nosed Bat (Murina chrysochaetes); 342. Harrison's Tube-nosed Bat (Murina harrisoni); 343. Ussuri Tube-nosed Bat (Murina ussuriensis); 344. Gloomy Tube-nosed Bat (Murina tenebrosa); 345. Ryukyu Tube-nosed Bat (Murina ryukyuana); 346. Hutton's Tube-nosed Bat (Murina huttonii); 347. Taiwan Tube-nosed Bat (Murina puta).
Genomic evidence of an ancient Inland Temperate Rainforest in the Pacific Northwest of North America
<p>The disjunct temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest of North America (PNW) are characterized by late-successional dominant tree species <em>Thuja plicata</em> (western redcedar) and <em>Tsuga heterophylla</em> (western hemlock). The demographic histories of these species, along with the PNW rainforest ecosystem in its entirety, have been heavily impacted by geological and climatic changes the PNW has experienced over the last 5 million years, including mountain orogeny and repeated Pleistocene glaciations. These environmental events have ultimately shaped the history of these species, with inland populations potentially being extirpated during the Pleistocene glaciations. Here, we collect genomic data for both species across their ranges to test multiple demographic models, each reflecting a different hypothesis on how the ecosystem-dominating species may have responded to dramatic climatic change. Our results indicate that inland and coastal populations in both species diverged approximately 2.5 million years ago in the early Pleistocene and experienced decreases in population size during glacial cycles, with subsequent population expansion. Importantly, we found evidence for gene flow between coastal and inland populations during the mid-Holocene. It is likely that intermittent migration in these species during this time has prevented allopatric speciation via genetic drift alone. In conclusion, our results from combining genomic data and demographic inference procedures involving machine learning establish that populations of the ecosystem dominants <em>Thuja plicata</em> and <em>Tsuga heterophylla</em> persisted in refugia located in both the coastal and inland regions of the PNW throughout the Pleistocene, with populations expanding and contracting in response to glacial cycles with occasional gene-flow.</p>
FIGURE 7 in A new species of planthopper in the genus Tico (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Derbidae) on palms from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 7. Aedeagus of Tico sierra sp. n.: A) right lateral view, B) left lateral view, and C) dorsal view; A = aedeagal process, E = endosomal process.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of planthopper in the genus Tico (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Derbidae) on palms from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 2. Adult male habitus Tico sierra sp. n.; A) body lateral view and B) body dorsal view, scale = 1 mm.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of planthopper in the genus Tico (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Derbidae) on palms from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 3. Adult male Tico sierra sp. n.; A) head, pronotum, and mesonotum right lateral view, B) head, pronotum, and mesonotum dorsal view, and C) head and paranotal fovea frontal view, scale = 1 mm.
FIGURE 6 in A new species of planthopper in the genus Tico (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Derbidae) on palms from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 6. Male Tico sierra sp. n. gonostylus; A) outer lateral view and B) inner margin showing sclerotized process.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of planthopper in the genus Tico (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Derbidae) on palms from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 5. Male Tico sierra sp. n. terminalia; A) left lateral view, B) ventral view, and C) dorsal view.
FIGURE 8 in A new species of planthopper in the genus Tico (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Derbidae) on palms from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 8. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree based on 1,000 replicates: A) COI gene, B) 18S gene, and C) consensus of concatenated COI and 18S sequences.
Figure 5 in First population study of Caribitroides (Caribitroides) tuxtlensis (Amphipoda: Talitridae) from a rainforest in Veracruz state, eastern Mexico
Figure 5. Mortality of Caribitroides (Caribitroides) tuxtlensis Lindeman, 1990. Relationship between age classes and the number of individuals in the Sierra de Santa Martha, Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz. A, females; B, males.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.