Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2016View details →

Fig. 9 in Activity budget, travel distance, sleeping time, height of activity and travel order of wild East Bornean Grey gibbons (Hylobates funereus) in Danum Valley Conservation Area

Fig. 9. Activity of three gibbons (two males and one female) at each height.

Fig. 8 in Developmental Abnormalities in Wild Populations of Birds: Examples from Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens)

Fig. 8. Asymmetrically reduced lower mandible of specimen LPB006.

Fig. 1 in Developmental Abnormalities in Wild Populations of Birds: Examples from Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens)

Fig. 1. Multilimbed embryo (LPB001) that also displays numerous deformities of the head. Ventral

Fig. 6 in Developmental Abnormalities in Wild Populations of Birds: Examples from Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens)

Fig. 6. Symmetrically reduced mandibles of specimen LPB004.

Fig. 4. X in Developmental Abnormalities in Wild Populations of Birds: Examples from Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens)

Fig. 4. Xray of LPB002 showing that there is but a single vertebral column.

Fig. 7 in Developmental Abnormalities in Wild Populations of Birds: Examples from Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens)

Fig. 7. Clubbed feet of specimen LPB005.

Fig. 2. X in Developmental Abnormalities in Wild Populations of Birds: Examples from Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens)

Fig. 2. Xray of LPB001 showing duplication of vertebral structures.

Fig. 5 in Developmental Abnormalities in Wild Populations of Birds: Examples from Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens)

Fig. 5. Externalized eye of specimen LPB003.

Fig. 12 in Developmental Abnormalities in Wild Populations of Birds: Examples from Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens)

Fig. 12. Externalized brain of specimen LPB010 that is missing several bones of the skull.

Fig. 10 in Developmental Abnormalities in Wild Populations of Birds: Examples from Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens)

Fig. 10. Skull abnormalities of specimen LPB008.

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

Data for: Are immigrants outbred and unrelated? Testing standard assumptions in a wild metapopulation

Immigration into small recipient populations is expected to alleviate inbreeding and increase genetic variation, and hence facilitate population persistence through genetic and/or evolutionary rescue. Such expectations depend on three standard assumptions: that immigrants are outbred, unrelated to existing natives at arrival, and unrelated to each other. These assumptions are rarely explicitly verified, including in key field systems in evolutionary ecology. Yet, they could be violated due to non-random or repeated immigration from adjacent small populations. We combined molecular genetic marker data for 150-160 microsatellite loci with comprehensive pedigree data to test the three assumptions for a song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) population that is a model system for quantifying effects of inbreeding and immigration in the wild. Immigrants were less homozygous than existing natives on average, with mean homozygosity that closely resembled outbred natives. Immigrants can therefore be considered outbred on the focal population scale. Comparisons of homozygosity of real or hypothetical offspring of immigrant-native, native-native and immigrant-immigrant pairings implied that immigrants were typically unrelated to existing natives and to each other. Indeed, immigrants' offspring would be even less homozygous than outbred individuals on the focal population scale. The three standard assumptions of population genetic and evolutionary theory were consequently largely validated. Yet, our analyses revealed some deviations that should be accounted for in future analyses of heterosis and inbreeding depression, implying that the three assumptions should be verified in other systems to probe patterns of non-random or repeated dispersal and facilitate precise and unbiased estimation of key evolutionary parameters.

Figure 4 in A new Euseius species on citrus and wild lime, Zanthoxylum fagara (Rutaceae), in Florida and an updated key to Euseius species from the state

Figure 4 Euseius ennsin. sp., male. A – Ventrianal shield; B – Spermatodactyl.

Figure 3 in A new Euseius species on citrus and wild lime, Zanthoxylum fagara (Rutaceae), in Florida and an updated key to Euseius species from the state

Figure 3 Euseius ennsin. sp., male. Dorsal view.

Figure 2 in A new Euseius species on citrus and wild lime, Zanthoxylum fagara (Rutaceae), in Florida and an updated key to Euseius species from the state

Figure 2 Euseius ennsin. sp., female. A – Ventral shields; B – Spermatheca; C – Leg IV.

Figure 1 in A new Euseius species on citrus and wild lime, Zanthoxylum fagara (Rutaceae), in Florida and an updated key to Euseius species from the state

Figure 1 Euseius ennsin. sp., female. Dorsal view.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Novel Insights into the Bioactive Metabolites of Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge, a Wild Edible Macrofungi Using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Combined with Chemoinformatics Approaches

Macrocybe gigantea (MG) is an edible mushroom and has multiple pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. However, only a few reports were available on the bioactive compounds and bioactivity of this mushroom. In this concern, the present study was aimed to explore the unique chemical diversity from the fruiting body of MG. The species identification was done accurately with morphological and molecular methods followed by mycochemical extraction in different solvent systems. The ethanolic extract of the fruiting body gave maximum yield and its Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed along with antibacterial activity and cell viability by MTT assay. The GC-MS analysis revealed 50 metabolites and further chemoinformatics analysis of these metabolites revealed their possible biological activities. In addition, the mushrooms' physico-chemical and mineral element analysis revealed the quality and authenticity of the species. Altogether, the current investigation gives a comprehensive overview of the bioactive metabolites of MG.

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

Social groups constrain the spatiotemporal dynamics of wild sifaka gut microbiomes

Primates acquire gut microbiota from conspecifics through direct social contact and shared environmental exposures. Host behavior is a prominent force in structuring gut microbial communities, yet the extent to which group or individual-level forces shape the long-term dynamics of gut microbiota is poorly understood. We investigated the effects of three aspects of host sociality (social groupings, dyadic interactions, and individual dispersal between groups) on gut microbiome composition and plasticity in 58 wild Verreaux's sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi) from six social groups. Over the course of three dry seasons in a five-year period, the six social groups maintained distinct gut microbial signatures, with the taxonomic composition of individual communities changing in tandem among co-residing group members. Samples collected from group members during each season were more similar than samples collected from single individuals across different years. In addition, new immigrants and individuals with less stable social ties exhibited elevated rates of microbiome turnover across seasons. Our results suggest that permanent social groupings shape the changing composition of commensal and mutualistic gut microbial communities and thus may be important drivers of health and resilience in wild primate populations.

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

Data from: Larval development in the Pacific oyster and the impacts of ocean acidification: differential genetic effects in wild and domesticated stocks

The adaptive capacity of marine calcifiers to ocean acidification (OA) is a topic of great interest to evolutionary biologists and ecologists. Previous studies have provided evidence to suggest that larval resilience to high pCO2 seawater for these species is a trait with a genetic basis and variability in natural populations. To date, however, it remains unclear how the selective effects of OA occur within the context of complex genetic interactions underpinning larval development in many of the most vulnerable taxa. Here we evaluated phenotypic and genetic changes during larval development of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) reared in ambient (~ 400 µatm) and high (~ 1600 µatm) pCO2 conditions, both in domesticated and naturalized 'wild' oysters from the Pacific Northwest, USA. Using pooled DNA samples, we determined changes in allele frequencies across larval development, from early "D-stage" larvae to metamorphosed juveniles (spat), in both groups and environments. Domesticated larvae had ~ 26% fewer loci with changing allele frequencies across developmental stages and < 50% as many loci affected by acidified culture conditions, compared to larvae from wild brood stock. Functional enrichment analyses of genetic markers with significant changes in allele frequency revealed that the structure and function of cellular membranes were disproportionately affected by high pCO2 conditions in both groups. These results indicate the potential for a rapid adaptive response of oyster populations to OA conditions; however, underlying genetic changes associated with larval development differ between these wild and domesticated oyster stocks and influence their adaptive responses to OA conditions.

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

Data for: Strong phenotypic trait correlations between mating partners do not result from assortative mating in wild great tits (Parus major)

There is considerable debate about the occurrence of assortative mating between phenotypic traits measured within natural populations. Meta-analyses have implied that assortative mating occurs generally in natural populations but recent work indicates these conclusions largely result from biased data. Specifically, estimates of phenotypic correlations between mating partners do not solely result from non-random associations between individual-level traits of partners but also from other biological processes (joint phenotypic plasticity, indirect genetic effects), methodological practices (observer bias), and other unexplained residual correlations (e.g. correlated measurement error). This paper puts this critique to test. First, we estimated the overall phenotypic correlation between phenotypic traits of mating partners for a wild population of great tits. Second, we estimated various key variance components to reveal the extent to which phenotypic correlations between partners resulted from assortative mating, reversible plasticity, social partner effects, and methodological practices. We performed our analyses for a range of phenotypic traits (body mass, breathing rate, exploration behaviour, wing and tarsus length) to derive general conclusions not hinging on the specifics of the traits involved. Our analyses support the conclusion that patterns of assortative mating exist at first glance but occur because of the biasing effects of correlated residuals likely caused by a combination of phenotypic responses to unknown environmental factors or measurement error – not because of intrinsic patterns of assortative mating.