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Figures 88-91 from: Talamas EJ, Bremer JS, Moore MR, Bon M-C, Lahey Z, Roberts CG, Combee LA, McGathey N, van Noort S, Timokhov AV, Hougardy E, Hogg B (2021) A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). In: Lahey Z, Talamas E (Eds) Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
Figures 88-91 Hadronotus bicolor88 holotype female (USNMENT01109345), head and mesosoma, lateral view 89 holotype female (USNMENT01109345), head, anterodorsal view 90 holotype female (USNMENT01109345), habitus, dorsal view 91 female (FSCA 00091193), dorsolateral view.
Figures 73-76 from: Talamas EJ, Bremer JS, Moore MR, Bon M-C, Lahey Z, Roberts CG, Combee LA, McGathey N, van Noort S, Timokhov AV, Hougardy E, Hogg B (2021) A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). In: Lahey Z, Talamas E (Eds) Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
Figures 73-76 Gryon fasciatum73 holotype female (USNMENT01059667), habitus, dorsolateral view 74 paratype female (USNMENT01109130), habitus, lateral view 75 paratype female (USNMENT01109130), head and mesosoma ventral view 76 paratype female (USNMENT01109130), mesosoma, posterolateral view.
Figures 83-87 from: Talamas EJ, Bremer JS, Moore MR, Bon M-C, Lahey Z, Roberts CG, Combee LA, McGathey N, van Noort S, Timokhov AV, Hougardy E, Hogg B (2021) A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). In: Lahey Z, Talamas E (Eds) Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
Figures 83-87 Gryon xanthogaster83 holotype female (USNMENT00989056), head and mesosoma, lateral view 84 holotype female (USNMENT00989056), head, anterior view 85 holotype female (USNMENT00989056), head and mesosoma, dorsal view 86 female (UCFC 026 738), head and mesosoma lateral view 87 female (UCFC 026 738), habitus, dorsolateral view.
Figure 35-40 from: Talamas EJ, Bremer JS, Moore MR, Bon M-C, Lahey Z, Roberts CG, Combee LA, McGathey N, van Noort S, Timokhov AV, Hougardy E, Hogg B (2021) A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). In: Lahey Z, Talamas E (Eds) Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
Figure 35-40 Gryon moczari35 female (CNC664036), head, anterior view 36 holotype female, head and mesosoma, lateral view 37 female (CNC664036), head and mesosoma, dorsolateral view 38 female (CNC664036), metasoma, dorsal view 39 female (CNC664036), antennal clava, ventrolateral view 40 female (CNC664036), wings, dorsal view.
Figures 67-72 from: Talamas EJ, Bremer JS, Moore MR, Bon M-C, Lahey Z, Roberts CG, Combee LA, McGathey N, van Noort S, Timokhov AV, Hougardy E, Hogg B (2021) A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). In: Lahey Z, Talamas E (Eds) Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
Figures 67-72 Gryon aetherium, lateral habitus 67 female (FSCA 00094902), ex. Bagrada hilaris68 female (FSCA 00094885), ex. Bagrada hilaris69 female (FSCA 00094903), ex. Holcostethus70 female (FSCA 00094899), ex. Thyanta custator71 male (FSCA 00094877), ex. Banasa sordida72 male (FSCA 00094901), ex. Euschistus conspersus.
Figures 79-82 from: Talamas EJ, Bremer JS, Moore MR, Bon M-C, Lahey Z, Roberts CG, Combee LA, McGathey N, van Noort S, Timokhov AV, Hougardy E, Hogg B (2021) A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). In: Lahey Z, Talamas E (Eds) Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
Figures 79-82 Gryon gryonis, holotype female 79 habitus, lateral view 80 mesosoma and T1, lateral view 81 head, anterior view 82 head and mesosoma, anterolateral view.
Figure 2 from: Talamas EJ, Bremer JS, Moore MR, Bon M-C, Lahey Z, Roberts CG, Combee LA, McGathey N, van Noort S, Timokhov AV, Hougardy E, Hogg B (2021) A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). In: Lahey Z, Talamas E (Eds) Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
Figure 2 Position and phylogenetic relationships of Hadronotus relative to other Scelionidae based on the topology depicted in Figure 1. Colored boxes above branches correspond to the level of support obtained for that branch based on the support metric. Branches annotated with a single box received equal levels of support in all analyses. The scale bar indicates the expected number of substitutions per site.
Figures 59-66 from: Talamas EJ, Bremer JS, Moore MR, Bon M-C, Lahey Z, Roberts CG, Combee LA, McGathey N, van Noort S, Timokhov AV, Hougardy E, Hogg B (2021) A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). In: Lahey Z, Talamas E (Eds) Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
Figures 59-66 Gryon aetherium59 female (FSCA 00094873), head, anterior view 60 female (FSCA 00094869), head, posterolateral view 61 female (FSCA 00094873), antennal clava, lateral view 62 female (FSCA 00094869), mesosoma, ventral view 63 female (FSCA 00094873), mesosoma, dorsolateral view 64 female (FSCA 00094874), mesosoma, anterolateral view 65 female (FSCA 00094874), mesosoma, posterolateral view 66 female (FSCA 00094871), hind tibia, dorsal view.
Figures 29-34 from: Talamas EJ, Bremer JS, Moore MR, Bon M-C, Lahey Z, Roberts CG, Combee LA, McGathey N, van Noort S, Timokhov AV, Hougardy E, Hogg B (2021) A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). In: Lahey Z, Talamas E (Eds) Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
Figures 29-34 Gryon cydnoide29 holotype female (USNMENT01059665), head and mesosoma, anterior view 30 female (OSUC 395743) head, anterior view 31 holotype female (USNMENT01059665), habitus, dorsal view 32 female (OSUC 395739), habitus, dorsolateral view 33 holotype female, habitus, lateral view 34 mesosoma and T1, dorsolateral view.
Figures 26-28 from: Talamas EJ, Bremer JS, Moore MR, Bon M-C, Lahey Z, Roberts CG, Combee LA, McGathey N, van Noort S, Timokhov AV, Hougardy E, Hogg B (2021) A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). In: Lahey Z, Talamas E (Eds) Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
Figures 26-28 Gryon paradigma (CNC664037) 26 head, anterior view 27 mesosoma and T1, dorsolateral view 28 hind leg, lateral view.
Figures 47-50 from: Talamas EJ, Bremer JS, Moore MR, Bon M-C, Lahey Z, Roberts CG, Combee LA, McGathey N, van Noort S, Timokhov AV, Hougardy E, Hogg B (2021) A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). In: Lahey Z, Talamas E (Eds) Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
Figures 47-50 47Encyrtoscelio (OSUC 334153), head, lateral view 48Tyrannoscelio genieri Masner & Johnson (OSUC 545772), head and mesosoma, lateral view 49Acanthoscelio (OSUC 232241), head, anterior view 50Sparasion philippinensis (USNMENT00872835), head, anterior view.
Figures 41-46 from: Talamas EJ, Bremer JS, Moore MR, Bon M-C, Lahey Z, Roberts CG, Combee LA, McGathey N, van Noort S, Timokhov AV, Hougardy E, Hogg B (2021) A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). In: Lahey Z, Talamas E (Eds) Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
Figures 41-46 Gryon crenatum41 holotype female (MZLU Type no. 911:1), habitus, dorsolateral view 42 female (SAM-HYM-P093658), head, anterior view 43 female (SAM-HYM-P093675), head and mesosoma, lateral view 44 female (SAM-HYM-P093658), head, lateral view 45 female (SAM-HYM-P093658), fore tarsus, lateral view 46 female (SAM-HYM-P093658), subgenual spines on hind tibia, posterolateral view.
Figures 51-53 from: Talamas EJ, Bremer JS, Moore MR, Bon M-C, Lahey Z, Roberts CG, Combee LA, McGathey N, van Noort S, Timokhov AV, Hougardy E, Hogg B (2021) A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). In: Lahey Z, Talamas E (Eds) Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
Figures 51-53 Gryon californicum, paratype female (USNMENT01109308) 51 habitus, lateral view 52 head, anterior view 53 metasoma, dorsal view.
Figure 1 from: Talamas EJ, Bremer JS, Moore MR, Bon M-C, Lahey Z, Roberts CG, Combee LA, McGathey N, van Noort S, Timokhov AV, Hougardy E, Hogg B (2021) A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). In: Lahey Z, Talamas E (Eds) Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
Figure 1 Best tree from the multi-gene, maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of Scelionidae conducted in IQ-TREE. Branch support values were generated from 10,000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates and are indicated above branches. The positions of Hadronotus (Clade A), Gryon (Clade B), and Dyscritobaeus (Clade B) are indicated in green, blue, and red, respectively.
Agent‐based modeling of the effects of forest dynamics, selective logging, and fragment size on epiphyte communities
<p>Forest canopies play a crucial role in structuring communities of vascular epiphytes by providing substrate for colonization, by locally varying microclimate, and by causing epiphyte mortality due to branch or tree fall. However, as field studies in the three-dimensional habitat of epiphytes are generally challenging, our understanding of how forest structure and dynamics influence the structure and dynamics of epiphyte communities is scarce. Mechanistic models can improve our understanding of epiphyte community dynamics. We present such a model that couples dispersal, growth, and mortality of individual epiphytes with substrate dynamics, obtained from a three-dimensional functional-structural forest model, allowing the study of forest-epiphyte interactions. After validating the epiphyte model with independent field data, we performed several theoretical simulation experiments to assess how (1) differences in natural forest dynamics, (2) selective logging, and (3) forest fragmentation could influence the long-term dynamics of epiphyte communities. The proportion of arboreal substrate occupied by epiphytes (i.e. saturation level) was tightly linked with forest dynamics and increased with decreasing forest turnover rates. While species richness was, in general, negatively correlated with forest turnover rates, low species numbers in forests with very low turnover rates were due to competitive exclusion when epiphyte communities became saturated. Logging had a negative impact on epiphyte communities, potentially leading to a near-complete extirpation of epiphytes when the simulated target diameters fell below a threshold. Fragment size had no effect on epiphyte abundance and saturation level but correlated positively with species numbers. Synthesis: The presented model is a first step towards studying the dynamic forest-epiphyte interactions in an agent-based modelling framework. Our study suggests forest dynamics as key factor in controlling epiphyte communities. Thus, both natural and human-induced changes in forest dynamics, e.g. increased mortality rates or the loss of large trees, pose challenges for epiphyte conservation.</p>
Figure 3 from: Laksmiani NPL, Widiantara IWA, Pawarrangan ABS (2022) Potency of moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) leaves extract containing quercetin as a depigmentation agent inhibiting the tyrosinase enzyme using in-silico and in-vitro assay. Pharmacia 69(1): 85-92. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e73132
Figure 3 The interaction of hydrogen bonds between the target protein of the tyrosinase with kojic acid. a: docking conformation kojic acid to tyrosinase, b: 3D interaction visualization of tyrosinase amino acid residues with kojic acid, c: 2D interaction visualization of tyrosinase amino acid residues with kojic acid.
Figure 5 from: Laksmiani NPL, Widiantara IWA, Pawarrangan ABS (2022) Potency of moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) leaves extract containing quercetin as a depigmentation agent inhibiting the tyrosinase enzyme using in-silico and in-vitro assay. Pharmacia 69(1): 85-92. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e73132
Figure 5 TLC-chromatogram of Moringa Leaves extract at UV 254 nm (A) and UV 366 nm (B). Quercetin standard 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600 and 3200 ng (1–6); Moringa Leaves Maceration extract (7); reflux extract (8), soxhlation extract (9); quercetin standard 800 ng (10–11); UV spectrum of spot with Rf 0.4 from quercetin standard (C); UV spectrum of spot with Rf 0.4 from maceration extract of Moringa Leaves (D); UV spectrum of spot with Rf 0.4 from soxhlation extract of Moringa Leaves (E).
Figure 1 from: Laksmiani NPL, Widiantara IWA, Pawarrangan ABS (2022) Potency of moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) leaves extract containing quercetin as a depigmentation agent inhibiting the tyrosinase enzyme using in-silico and in-vitro assay. Pharmacia 69(1): 85-92. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e73132
Figure 1 Redocking visualization between tyrosinase enzyme and native ligand. 1: The structure of the tyrosinase enzyme (PDB ID: 2Y9X), 2a: tyrosinase enzyme structure without native ligand, 2b: native ligand (tropolone) structure, 3a: redocking conformation, 3b: 3D interaction of amino acid residues from tyrosinase enzyme with native ligand, 3c: 2D interaction of amino acid residues from tyrosinase enzyme with native ligand.
Figure 4 from: Laksmiani NPL, Widiantara IWA, Pawarrangan ABS (2022) Potency of moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) leaves extract containing quercetin as a depigmentation agent inhibiting the tyrosinase enzyme using in-silico and in-vitro assay. Pharmacia 69(1): 85-92. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e73132
Figure 4 The interaction of hydrogen bonds between the target protein of the tyrosinase with quercetin. a: docking conformation between quercetin and tyrosinase, b: 3D interaction visualization of tyrosinase amino acid residues with quercetin, c: 2D interaction visualization of tyrosinase amino acid residues with quercetin.
Figure 6 from: Laksmiani NPL, Widiantara IWA, Pawarrangan ABS (2022) Potency of moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) leaves extract containing quercetin as a depigmentation agent inhibiting the tyrosinase enzyme using in-silico and in-vitro assay. Pharmacia 69(1): 85-92. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e73132
Figure 6 The regression curve of the relationship between AUC and series concentration of quercetin standard.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.