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1,723 results for “Alpine”
Data from: Extreme climate events counteract the effects of climate and land-use changes in Alpine treelines
Climate change and extreme events, such as drought, threaten ecosystems world-wide and in particular mountain ecosystems, where species often live at their environmental tolerance limits. In the European Alps, plant communities are also influenced by land-use abandonment leading to woody encroachment of subalpine and alpine grasslands. In this study, we explored how the forest–grassland ecotone of Alpine tree lines will respond to gradual climate warming, drought events and land-use change in terms of forest expansion rates, taxonomic diversity and functional composition. We used a previously validated dynamic vegetation model, FATE-HD, parameterized for plant communities in the Ecrins National Park in the French Alps. Our results showed that intense drought counteracted the forest expansion at higher elevations driven by land-use abandonment and climate change, especially when combined with high drought frequency (occurring every 2 or less than 2 years). Furthermore, intense and frequent drought accelerated the rates of taxonomic change and resulted in overall higher taxonomic spatial heterogeneity of the ecotone than would be expected under gradual climate and land-use changes only. Synthesis and applications. The results from our model show that intense and frequent drought counteracts forest expansion driven by climate and land-use changes in the forest–grassland ecotone of Alpine tree lines. We argue that land-use planning must consider the effects of extreme events, such as drought, as well as climate and land-use changes, since extreme events might interfere with trends predicted under gradual climate warming and agricultural abandonment.
Data from: Phylogeographical patterns of an alpine plant, Rhodiola dumulosa (Crassulaceae), inferred from chloroplast DNA sequences
The phylogeographical patterns of Rhodiola dumulosa, an alpine plant species restrictedly growing in the crevices of rock piles, were investigated based on 4 fragments of the chloroplast genome. To cover the full distribution of R. dumulosa in China, 19 populations from 3 major disjunct distribution areas (northern, central, and northwestern China) were sampled. A total of 5881bp (after alignment) of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) from 100 individuals were sequenced. The combined cpDNA data set yielded 36 haplotypes. The total genetic diversity of R. dumulosa was remarkably high (H T = 0.981). The interpopulation genetic differentiation was significantly large (F ST = 0.8537, P < 0.001), possibly due to the long-term isolation of the natural populations. N ST was significantly larger than G ST (P < 0.001), indicating the presence of phylogeographical structure among the R. dumulosa populations. We propose 2 migration steps to explain the current distribution of R. dumulosa in China. First, this species migrated from refugia in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau to northern areas via the intervening highlands when temperatures increased; second, the highland populations migrated toward the mountaintops when temperatures increased further because R. dumulosa is adapted to cold environments. During the second migration step, the common ancestral haplotypes may have been gradually lost.
Data from: Hot spots of genetic diversity descended from multiple Pleistocene refugia in an alpine ungulate
Species that inhabit naturally fragmented environments are expected to be spatially structured and exhibit reduced genetic diversity at the periphery of their range. Patterns of differentiation may also reflect historical processes such as recolonization from glacial refugia. We examined the relative importance of these factors in shaping the spatial patterns of genetic differentiation across the range of an alpine specialist, the North American mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus). Contrary to fossil evidence which suggests a single southern refugium, we detected evidence for additional refugia in northern British Columbia and the Alaskan coast using both mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA. A core area of elevated genetic diversity characterized both regions, and molecular dating suggested a recent Pleistocene split was followed by demographic expansion. Across their range, mountain goats were highly genetically structured and displayed the expected pattern of declining diversity towards the periphery. Gene flow was high within contiguous mountain ranges, but cross-assignments paradoxically suggest that long-distance contemporary dispersal movements are not uncommon. These results improve our understanding of how historical vicariance and contemporary fragmentation influence population differentiation, and have implications for conserving the adaptive potential of alpine populations and habitat.
Data from: Influence of early reproductive success on longevity and late reproductive success in an alpine ungulate
The life-history theories of aging predict lifetime trade-offs between early reproductive allocation and late-life survival, reproduction, or both components of fitness. Recent studies in wild populations have found evidence for these early-late life trade-offs, but rarely have they been found across multiple traits while exploring the additional effects of variation in environmental conditions and individual quality. Benefiting from longitudinal data on adult female mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus), we investigated the influence of age at first reproduction (AFR) and early reproductive success (ERS) on longevity, late reproductive success, and senescence rates while accounting for the influence of natal environmental conditions and individual quality. Contrary to predictions, we did not find evidence for early-late life trade-offs. Instead, an earlier AFR and a greater ERS had positive but weak direct effects on late reproductive success. Natal population density, however, was the strongest determinant of all life-history traits, having a direct negative effect on female longevity, late reproductive success, AFR, and ERS. Although natal density reduced the probability of annual reproduction and annual survival during adulthood, higher allocation to reproduction in early life and poorer natal conditions did not lead to accelerated rates of senescence during adulthood. The results of this investigation provide an integrated picture of early-late life trade-offs, underscoring the importance of accounting for environmental conditions because of their potentially strong implications for population dynamics.
FIGURE 48 in Zealandozetes southensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Acari, Oribatida, Maudheimiidae) from alpine cushions plant in New Zealand
FIGURE 48. Zealandozetes southensis sp. nov., adult, SEM micrograph: dorsal view. Scale bar 500 Μm.
Supplementary material 5 from: Praz C, Müller A, Bénon D, Herrmann M, Neumeyer R (2023) Annotated checklist of the Swiss bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophila): hotspots of diversity in the xeric inner Alpine valleys. Alpine Entomology 7: 219-267. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.7.112514
Distance-based tree
Supplementary material 4 from: Praz C, Müller A, Bénon D, Herrmann M, Neumeyer R (2023) Annotated checklist of the Swiss bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophila): hotspots of diversity in the xeric inner Alpine valleys. Alpine Entomology 7: 219-267. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.7.112514
Checklist of the Swiss bees and presence of each species in each canton
Supplementary material 3 from: Praz C, Müller A, Bénon D, Herrmann M, Neumeyer R (2023) Annotated checklist of the Swiss bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophila): hotspots of diversity in the xeric inner Alpine valleys. Alpine Entomology 7: 219-267. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.7.112514
Locality, collection data and BOLD accession numbers for specimens sequenced in this study
Supplementary material 2 from: Praz C, Müller A, Bénon D, Herrmann M, Neumeyer R (2023) Annotated checklist of the Swiss bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophila): hotspots of diversity in the xeric inner Alpine valleys. Alpine Entomology 7: 219-267. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.7.112514
Primers used to amplify and sequence the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome oxidase I
Supplementary material 1 from: Praz C, Müller A, Bénon D, Herrmann M, Neumeyer R (2023) Annotated checklist of the Swiss bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophila): hotspots of diversity in the xeric inner Alpine valleys. Alpine Entomology 7: 219-267. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.7.112514
Locality labels from important historical bee collections in Switzerland
EMI measurements collected across the Alpine peatland of Danta di Cadore (Belluno, Italy)
<p>The file <i>obs_data_danta.csv</i> contains the quadrature component of the EMI data collected across the Alpine peatland of Danta di Cadore (Belluno, Italy) in July 2021. </p><p>Each row of the file represents a sounding, together with the associated latitude and longitude coordinates, and the corresponding uncertainties. </p><p>Eleven (11) frequencies were acquired. And for each row (so, for each sounding location), the available measurements are arranged as follows:</p><ul><li> D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11</li><li> 1025, 1525, 2875, 5825, 7775, 12775, 15325, 25525, 36225, 63025, 80225 [Hz]</li></ul><p> The uncertainty value associated with each frequency is indicated in the S1 to S11 columns:</p><ul><li> S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11</li><li> 1025, 1525, 2875, 5825, 7775, 12775, 15325, 25525, 36225, 63025, 80225 [Hz]</li></ul><p>All the measurements are in ppm. The instrument used is a GEM-2 (produced by Geophex Ltd). Our best estimation of the height of the instrument during the acquisition is 1 m from the surface. </p>
Dataset used in the paper 'Blue stain development on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) logs under alpine conditions'
<p>The research material is open to support transparency in science.</p>
Potential alpine habitat in the western USA based on treeline elevation
<p><strong>Purpose</strong>: create a map of potential alpine habitat in the western USA as a basis for future studies in ecology and biogeography.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: all mountains in the continental USA west of 104° longitude.</p> <p><strong>Procedure</strong>: manually identify treeline elevations; interpolate a surface of these elevations; intersect the surface with a 90-m resolution DEM; record all areas above these elevations as projected alpine habitat; for display, map the area recorded as alpine at 90-m resolution.</p> <p><strong>Products</strong>: a map for display; a dataset of elevations of treeline at 268 points on 66 mountain ranges in the western USA (61) and Canada (5); a dataset of points recorded as above treeline at 90-m resolution.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Sasakawa K (2023) Taxonomic study of the alpine carabid beetle Nebria (Falcinebria) taketoi Habu, 1962 (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Alpine Entomology 7: 185-194. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.7.109855
Supplementary information
Supplementary material 2 from: Shaw MR, Giannotta M, Herrera-Flórez AF, Klopfstein S (2021) Two males, one female: triplet-style mating behaviour in the Darwin wasp Xorides ater (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Xoridinae) in the Swiss Alps. Alpine Entomology 5: 15-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.5.64803
Figure S1
Supplementary material 1 from: Munakata M, Tanaka H, Kakui K (2022) Taxonomy and natural history of Cavernocypris hokkaiensis sp. nov., the first ostracod reported from alpine streams in Japan. Zoosystematics and Evolution 98(1): 117-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.80442
Table S1
Figures 44-47 from: Burckhardt D (2024) The Psyllinae (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) from Gunung Kinabalu (Malaysia, Sabah). Alpine Entomology 8: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.8.113873
Figures 44-47 Psylla cirrita. 44. male terminalia, in lateral view; 45. outer face of paramere; 46. inner face of paramere; 47. apex of distal aedeagal segment.
Figures 40-43 from: Burckhardt D (2024) The Psyllinae (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) from Gunung Kinabalu (Malaysia, Sabah). Alpine Entomology 8: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.8.113873
Figures 40-43 Psylla spp. 40, 42. Habitus, in lateral view; 41, 43. Head, in dorsal view. 40, 41.P. cirrita; 42, 43.Psylla sp.
Figures 34-39 from: Burckhardt D (2024) The Psyllinae (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) from Gunung Kinabalu (Malaysia, Sabah). Alpine Entomology 8: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.8.113873
Figures 34-39 Cacopsylla spp., fifth instar immature. 34, 37. Habitus, in dorsal view, left side; 35. Long, thick, apically pointed marginal seta; 38. Short dorsal capitate seta; 36, 39. Circumanal ring; 34–36.C. myrsines; 37–39.C. photiniae.
Figures 13-24 from: Burckhardt D (2024) The Psyllinae (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) from Gunung Kinabalu (Malaysia, Sabah). Alpine Entomology 8: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.8.113873
Figures 13-24 Cacopsylla spp., male terminalia. 13, 16, 19, 22. Male terminalia, in lateral view; 14, 17, 20, 23. Inner face of paramere; 15, 21, 24. Distal aedeagal segment, same scale as paramere; 18. apex of distal aedeagal segment. 13–15.C. graciliforceps; 16–18.C. kinabaluensis; 19–21.C. myrsines; 22–24.C. photiniae.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.