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2,260 results for “Climatic change”
Global risk dynamics of Borrelia miyamotoi in the context of climate change
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Vegetation changes with climate change in the Grandes Rousses mountain range
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Data from: Rapid climate change increases diversity and homogenizes composition of coastal fish at high latitudes
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Juxtaposition of climate change contrarians and scientists in the media using Media Cloud data
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Data and code from: Climate change, tree demography, and thermophilization in western US forests
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Climate change amelioration by marine producers: Does dominance predict impact?
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It takes a few to tango: Changing climate and fire regimes can cause regeneration failure of two subalpine conifers
Environmental change is accelerating in the 21st century, but how multiple drivers may interact to alter forest resilience remains uncertain. In forests affected by large high-severity disturbances, tree regeneration is a resilience linchpin that shapes successional trajectories for decades. We modeled stands of two widespread western U.S. conifers, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca), and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia), in Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming, USA) to ask (1) What combinations of distance to seed source, fire return interval, and warming-drying conditions cause postfire tree-regeneration failure? (2) If postfire tree regeneration was successful, how does early tree density differ under future climate relative to historical climate? We conducted a stand-level (1 ha) factorial simulation experiment using the individual-based forest process model iLand to identify combinations of fire return interval (11–100 yr), distance to seed source (50–1,000 m), and climate (historical, mid-21st century, late-21st century) where trees failed to regenerate by 30-yr postfire. If regeneration was successful, we compared stand densities between climate periods. Simulated postfire regeneration were surprisingly resilient to changing climate and fire drivers. Douglas-fir regeneration failed more frequently (55%) than lodgepole pine (28% and 16% for nonserotinous and serotinous stands, respectively). Distance to seed source was an important driver of regeneration failure for Douglas-fir and non-serotinous lodgepole pine; regeneration never failed when stands were 50 m from a seed source and nearly always failed when stands were 1 km away. Regeneration of serotinous lodgepole pine only failed when fire return intervals were ≤20 yr and stands were far (1 km) from a seed source. Warming climate increased regeneration success for Douglas-fir but did not affect lodgepole pine. If regeneration was successful, postfire density varied with climate. Dou
Spatial-temporal change of climate in relation to urban fringe development in central Arizona-Phoenix
Not many studies have documented climate and air quality changes of settlements at early stages of development. This is because high quality climate and air quality records are deficient for the periods of the early 18th century to mid 20th century when many U.S. cities were formed and grew. Dramatic landscape change induces substantial local climate change during the incipient stage of development. Rapid growth along the urban fringe in Phoenix, coupled with a fine-grained climate monitoring system, provide a unique opportunity to study the climate impacts of urban development as it unfolds. Generally, heat islands form, particularly at night, in proportion to city population size and morphological characteristics. Drier air is produced by replacement of the countryside's moist landscapes with dry, hot urbanized surfaces. Wind is increased due to turbulence induced by the built-up urban fabric and its morphology; although, depending on spatial densities of buildings on the land, wind may also decrease. Air quality conditions are worsened due to increased city emissions and surface disturbances. Depending on the diversity of microclimates in pre-existing rural landscapes and the land-use mosaic in cities, the introduction of settlements over time and space can increase or decrease the variety of microclimates within and near urban regions. These differences in microclimatic conditions can influence variations in health, ecological, architectural, economic, energy and water resources, and quality-of-life conditions in the city. Therefore, studying microclimatic conditions which change in the urban fringe over time and space is at the core of urban ecological goals as part of LTER aims. In analyzing Phoenix and Baltimore long-term rural/urban weather and climate stations, Brazel et al. (In progress) have discovered that long-term (i.e., 100 years) temperature changes do not correlate with populations changes in a linear manner, but rather in a third-order nonlinear re
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) Sapling Study at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Root Damage
Root damage, as relative electrolyte leakage, was assessed following winter freeze-thaw cycle experimental treatments in 2014 and 2015. There were seven treatments for each species of maple. For each species, ten saplings experienced ambient temperatures (reference), ten experienced growing season warming with no induced freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed), ten in each of four groups experienced warming in the growing season coupled with two, four, six, or eight soil freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed + 2 FTC, warmed + 4 FTC, warmed + 6 FTC, warmed + 8 FTC), and ten experienced snow removal in winter with ambient temperatures in the growing-season (snow removal). These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) Sapling Study at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Growth and Litter
Litterfall production and stem growth of red maple and sugar maple saplings were assessed as measures of aboveground productivity in 2013 (to determine baseline values before treatment was initiated) and in 2014 after saplings experienced a combination of soil warming and winter freeze-thaw cycles treatments. There were seven treatments for each species of maple. For each species, ten saplings experienced ambient temperatures (reference), ten experienced growing season warming with no induced freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed), ten in each of four groups experienced warming in the growing season coupled with two, four, six, or eight soil freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed + 2 FTC, warmed + 4 FTC, warmed + 6 FTC, warmed + 8 FTC), and ten experienced snow removal in winter with ambient temperatures in the growing-season (snow removal). These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) Sapling Study at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Herbivory Damage and Snow Depth
During the winter 2014-15 there was extensive over-winter herbivory damage to sapling stems in the Climate Chaneg Across Seasons (CCASE) sapling experiment in the form of partial or complete girdling from bark consumption. Measurements of the extent of bark damage, the recovery class of the saplings, and the average snow depth during winter were made for each experimental treatment. There were seven treatments for each species of maple. For each species, ten saplings experienced ambient temperatures (reference), ten experienced growing season warming with no induced freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed), ten in each of four groups experienced warming in the growing season coupled with two, four, six, or eight soil freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed + 2 FTC, warmed + 4 FTC, warmed + 6 FTC, warmed + 8 FTC), and ten experienced snow removal in winter with ambient temperatures in the growing-season (snow removal). These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) Sapling Study at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Soil and Air Temperature
Soil temperature was measured on all Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) sapling treatment plots. There were seven treatments for each species of maple. For each species, ten saplings experienced ambient temperatures (reference), ten experienced growing season warming with no induced freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed), ten in each of four groups experienced warming in the growing season coupled with two, four, six, or eight soil freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed + 2 FTC, warmed + 4 FTC, warmed + 6 FTC, warmed + 8 FTC), and ten experienced snow removal in winter with ambient temperatures in the growing-season (snow removal). These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) Sapling Study at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Spring Phenology
Timing of spring leaf-out of red maple and sugar maple saplings experiencing combinations of soil warming and winter freeze-thaw cycles was assessed weekly in 2014 and 2015 from late April (when growing season warming began) through early June when leaves were fully expanded. There were seven treatments for each species of maple. For each species, ten saplings experienced ambient temperatures (reference), ten experienced growing season warming with no induced freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed), ten in each of four groups experienced warming in the growing season coupled with two, four, six, or eight soil freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed + 2 FTC, warmed + 4 FTC, warmed + 6 FTC, warmed + 8 FTC), and ten experienced snow removal in winter with ambient temperatures in the growing-season (snow removal). These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Provisioning forest and conservation science with European tree species distribution models under climate change
<p>Estimating shifts in the current range of forest tree species is crucial for formulating adaptive management strategies such as assisted migration. Ecological niche models have been the most widely used tools to estimate the potential climatic suitability of species worldwide. The reliability of such estimations depends on the model algorithm and the input data such as climate and species occurrence. We developed a dataset of the potential distribution of seven ecologically and economically important tree species of Europe in terms of their climatic suitability with an ensemble approach while accounting for uncertainty due to model algorithms. The distribution models shall be the basis for follow-up studies in forest and conservation science.</p>
Global Agricultural Land Resources – A High Resolution Suitability Evaluation and Its Perspectives until 2100 under Climate Change Conditions (v2.0)
<p><strong>Agricultural land resources – a global suitability evaluation</strong></p> <p><em>An inventory is required on the changing potentially suitable areas for agriculture under changing climate conditions. Within the context of the GLUES project, researchers at the Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU) investigated the global agricultural suitability of land under changing climate conditions at high spatial resolution. The growing demand for food, feed, fiber and bioenergy increases pressure on land and causes land use/cover change and trade-offs between different uses of land and ecosystem services. In order to ensure food security, agricultural potentials need to be used more efficiently in the future. Therefore, the agricultural suitability of land are important information e.g. in order to identify todays suitable areas and possible future changes. The potential suitability of todays forested and protected areas can be used to identify possible hotspots of land use/cover change. Therefore, LMU is working on improving the knowledge of global agricultural potentials of land and better understanding the interdependencies between ecological and socio-economic systems which are driving land use/cover change.</em></p> <p><strong>Determining Agricultural Suitability</strong></p> <p>Local climate, soil and topography determine the available energy, water and nutrient supply for agricultural crops and thus their natural suitability. In order to allow for computing the natural agricultural constraints on the globe at 30 arc seconds (1km) spatial resolution, the following high resolution data were applied:</p> <p>Daily data for temperature, precipitation and solar radiation from the global climate model ECHAM5. Soil data comes from the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD). Considered soil properties are texture, proportion of coarse fragments and gypsum, base saturation, pH content, organic carbon content, salinity, sodicity. Topography data was applied from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). Irrigation has strong impact on the crop’s suitability. It is considered on todays irrigated areas as given by the FAO Aquastat Global Maps of Irrigated Areas (GMIA) dataset. The determinant factors are contrasted with the crop-specific requirements, using a fuzzy-logic approach. The crop requirements are taken from literature.</p> <p><strong>Agricultural Suitability</strong></p> <p>General agricultural suitability at a spatial resolution of 30 arcsec, considering rainfed conditions and irrigation on currently irrigated areas. The agricultural suitability represents for each pixel the maximum suitability value of the considered 16 plants. The dataset contains four time periods (1961-1990, 1981-2010, 2011-2040, 2071-2100).</p> <p><strong>Suitability Change due to Climate until 2100</strong></p> <p>Change in agricultural suitability and crop suitability due to climate change for SRES A1B scenario conditions for 16 crops between 1981-2010 and 2071-2100 at a spatial resolution of 30 arcsec.</p> <p><strong>Multiple Cropping</strong></p> <p>Potential number of suitable crop cycles for 16 crops at a spatial resolution of 30 arcsec, considering rainfed conditions and irrigation on currently irrigated areas. The dataset contains four time periods (1961-1990, 1981-2010, 2011-2040, 2071-2100).</p> <p><strong>Growing Cycle</strong></p> <p>Start of the growing cycle for 16 crops at a spatial resolution of 30 arcsec, considering rainfed conditions and irrigation on currently irrigated areas. In case of multiple cropping, the start of the first growing cycle is shown. The dataset contains four time periods (1961-1990, 1981-2010, 2011-2040, 2071-2100).</p> <p><strong>Further information</strong></p> <p>Detailled information are available in the following publication:<br> Zabel F., Putzenlechner B., Mauser W. (2014): <strong>Global agricultural land resources – a high resolution suitability evaluation and its perspectives until 2100 under climate change conditions. </strong> Online available: <a href="http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107522">PLOS ONE</a>. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107522</p> <p><strong>Improvements in v2.0</strong></p> <p>Compared to previous versions, v2.0 uses updated input data for soil and minor improvements of the statistical downscaling and the bias correction of the climate model data.</p> <p><strong>Contact</strong></p> <p>Please contact: Dr. Florian Zabel, <a href="mailto:f.zabel@lmu.de">f.zabel@lmu.de</a>, Department für Geographie, LMU München (<a href="http://www.geografie.uni-muenchen.de">www.geografie.uni-muenchen.de</a>)</p>
Data and model output for figures in "Variable particle size distributions reduce the sensitivity of global export flux to climate change"
<p><strong>Associated publication</strong></p> <p>This dataset was used to generate analyses and figures in the following publication:</p> <p>Leung, S., Weber, T., Cram, J. A., & Deutsch, C. Variable particle size distributions reduce the sensitivity of global export flux to climate change. <em>Submitted to Biogeosciences.</em></p> <p><strong>Associated code</strong></p> <p>After downloading this dataset, run the associated MATLAB code at the following link to generate the figures and analyses in the above publication:</p> <p>https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4117382</p>
Data from: Behavioral constraints on local adaptation and counter-gradient variation: implications for climate change
<p>Resource allocation to growth, reproduction, and body maintenance varies within species along latitudinal gradients. Two hypotheses explaining this variation are local adaptation and counter-gradient variation. The local adaptation hypothesis proposes that populations are adapted to local environmental conditions and are therefore less adapted to environmental conditions at other locations. The counter-gradient variation hypothesis proposes that one population out performs others across an environmental gradient because its source location has greater selective pressure than other locations. Our study had two goals. First, we tested the local adaptation and counter-gradient variation hypotheses by measuring effects of environmental temperature on phenotypic expression of reproductive traits in the burying beetle, <i>Nicrophorus orbicollis</i> Say, from three populations along a latitudinal gradient in a common garden experimental design. Second, we compared patterns of variation to evaluate whether traits co-vary or whether local adaptation of traits preclude adaptive responses by others. Across a latitudinal range, <i>N. orbicollis</i> exhibits variation in initiating reproduction and brood sizes. Consistent with local adaptation, (1) beetles were less likely to initiate breeding at extreme temperatures, especially when that temperature represents their source range; (2) once beetles initiate reproduction, source populations produce relatively larger broods at temperatures consistent with their local environment. Consistent with counter-gradient variation, lower latitude populations were more successful at producing offspring at lower temperatures. We found no evidence for adaptive variation in other adult or offspring performance traits. This suite of traits does not appear to coevolve along the latitudinal gradient. Rather, response to selection to breed within a narrow temperature range may preclude selection on other traits. Our study highlights that <i>N. orbicollis</i> uses temperature as an environmental cue to determine whether to initiate reproduction, providing insight into how behavior is modified to avoid costly reproductive attempts. Furthermore, our results suggest a temperature constraint that shapes reproductive behavior.</p>
Data produced for "Crop switching reduces agricultural losses from climate change in the United States by half"
<p>This data archive includes all of the results from the models used to<br> produce the paper "Crop switching reduces agricultural losses from<br> climate change in the United States by half". It contains three main<br> archives:</p> <p>1. inputs: The temperature and water stress indicators for each crop,<br> along with county-level log-yields. Both the Bayesian and OLS<br> models are fit to this data. Static covariates are available in<br> us-bioclims-new.csv.<br> <br> Files:<br> <br> data-inputs-futureedds1.zip - data-inputs-futureedds3.zip:<br> GCM-specific quantifications of the exceedance degree days used as<br> temperature predictors.<br> <br> data-inputs-other.zip: All other input files.</p> <p>2. bayes: Each of the variables fit in the Bayesian model, for each<br> MCMC draw from the posterior distribution. The contained directory<br> includes for each crop versions with constant variance (-variance)<br> and under cross-validation (-cv). The counties are ordered<br> according to fips-usa.csv.</p> <p> Files:</p> <p> data-bayes-checks: Posterior predictive check outputs.</p> <p> data-bayes-full-constvar-*.zip: MCMC draws for the all-years fit<br> assuming constant variance. Divided to make the files more<br> manageable.<br> <br> data-bayes-full-varvar.zip: MCMC draws for the all-years fit<br> assuming county-specific variances.</p> <p> data-bayes-cv-constvar.zip: MCMC draws for the cross-validation fit<br> assuming constant variance.</p> <p> data-bayes-cv-varvar-*.zip: MCMC draws for the cross-validation fit<br> assuming county-specific variances. Divided to make the files more<br> manageable.</p> <p>3. optim: Optimization model results. The results/ directory contains<br> the optimization results for each set of assumptions presented in<br> the appendix, applied to the average yield levels. The results-mc/<br> directory contains profit, yield, and optimization results for each<br> draw of the MCMC independently.</p> <p> Files:<br> <br> data-optim-inputs-mc.zip: Locally optimal cropping files, under<br> MCMC draws of the model.<br> <br> data-optim-results-mc.zip: Constrainted optimization model results,<br> under MCMC draws of the model.<br> <br> data-optim-results.zip: Constrained optimization model results,<br> using the average parameters of the model.<br> <br> data-optim-other.zip: Other outputs of the optimization process.<br> </p>
Is winter precipitation change over Europe underestimated in current climate projections?
<p>Model output, observational data, and scripts corresponding to the manuscript "Is winter precipitation change over Europe underestimated in current climate projections?"</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>IPCC models project a likely increase in winter precipitation over northern Europe under a high-emission scenario. These projections, however, typically rely on relatively coarse ~100-km-resolution models that might misrepresent important processes driving precipitation, such as extratropical cyclone activity. Here, we show that a pioneering 50-km-atmosphere–1/12°-ocean global coupled model simulation projects a substantially larger increase in winter precipitation over northwestern Europe by mid-century than lower-resolution configurations. For this increase, both the highest ocean and atmosphere resolutions are essential: First, only the eddy-rich (1/12°) ocean projects a progressive northward shift and warming of the Gulf Stream. Second, only the 50-km atmosphere translates such warming into strengthened North Atlantic extratropical cyclone activity through enhanced diabatic heating and eddy-driven jet. Our results suggest that climate projections using traditional ~100-km-resolution models might underestimate the precipitation increase over Europe in winter and, consequently, the related potential risks.</p>
Data from: Climate change amplifies plant invasion hotspots in Nepal
Aim Climate change has increased the risk of biological invasions, particularly by increasing the climatically suitable regions for invasive alien species. The distribution of many native and invasive species has been predicted to change under future climate. We performed species distribution modelling of invasive alien plants (IAPs) to identify hotspots under current and future climate scenarios in Nepal, a country ranked among the most vulnerable countries to biological invasions and climate change in the world. Location Nepal Methods We predicted climatically suitable niches of 24 out of the total 26 reported IAPs in Nepal under current and future climate (2050 for RCP 6.0) using an ensemble of species distribution models. We also conducted hotspot analysis to highlight the geographic hotspots for IAPs in different climatic zones, land cover, ecoregions, physiography, and federal states. Results Under future climate, climatically suitable regions for 75% of IAPs will expand in contrast to a contraction of the climatically suitable regions for the remaining 25% of the IAPs. A high proportion of the modelled suitable niches of IAPs occurred on agricultural lands followed by forests. In aggregation, both extent and intensity (invasion hotspots) of the climatically suitable regions for IAPs will increase in Nepal under future climate scenarios. The invasion hotspots will expand towards the high-elevation mountainous regions. In these regions, land use is rapidly transforming due to the development of infrastructure and expansion of tourism and trade. Main conclusions Negative impacts on livelihood, biodiversity, and ecosystem services, as well as economic loss caused by IAPs in the future, may be amplified if preventive and control measures are not immediately initiated. Therefore, the management of IAPs in Nepal should account for the vulnerability of climate change-induced biological invasions into new areas, primarily in the mountains.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.