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Fig. 2. A in Faunal dynamics across the Silurian-Devonian positive isotope excursions (δ C, δ O) in Podolia, Ukraine: Comparative analysis of the Ireviken and Klonk events

Fig. 2. A. General location of the study area in Ukraine. B. Distribution of the Silurian and Devonian deposits in Podolia, SW Ukraine, and geological setting of the study area. C. Location of two sampled outcrops (arrowed) in the vicinity of Dniester valley (modified from Małkowski et al. 2009: fig. 1). Section numbers after Nikiforova et al. (1972): Kytayhorod (96) and Dnistrove (64).

Fig. 16 in Faunal dynamics across the Silurian-Devonian positive isotope excursions (δ C, δ O) in Podolia, Ukraine: Comparative analysis of the Ireviken and Klonk events

Fig. 16. Distribution of chitinozoans species, diversity, and ecological indices in the Kytayhorod section. Shades of gray denote three slices of the ESCIE.

Fig. 9 in Faunal dynamics across the Silurian-Devonian positive isotope excursions (δ C, δ O) in Podolia, Ukraine: Comparative analysis of the Ireviken and Klonk events

Fig. 9. Stratigraphic distribution of the Al−normalized abundance for selected major and trace elements as well as Al2O3 and TOC contents (wt.%) and the U/Th and V/Cr ratios from the Dnistrove section (see SOM 4). Approximated proxy values, resulted from the Mo, V, and Cr content below the detection levels, are asterisked. Averaged data for the higher Lower Devonian strata from Zalishchyky (Ivanie Beds; Małkowski et al. 2009; Fig. 2; see SOM 4) are also shown. Shades of gray denote two slices of the SIDECIE.

Fig. 4 in Faunal dynamics across the Silurian-Devonian positive isotope excursions (δ C, δ O) in Podolia, Ukraine: Comparative analysis of the Ireviken and Klonk events

Fig. 4. Lithologic and faunal succession through the Silurian–Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove in the early Klonk Event, with detail of newly proposed Dnistrove Level, against the secular pattern of δ13C (black curve) and δ18O (grey curve) values (after Małkowski and Racki 2009: table 2). Note that the system boundary is placed 0.7 m higher than the tentative positioning given in Małkowski et al. (2009: fig. 6). Onset of the carbon isotope anomaly (SIDECIE), first appearances of the index graptolite and conodont species are shown, as well as the key brachiopod distribution (Baliński 2012; see also Figs. 8, 19, 20), rapid lateral changes of crinoid accumulations, and selected samples.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2012View details →

Fig. 3 in Ammonite faunal dynamics across bio-events during the mid- and Late Cretaceous along the Russian Pacific coast

Fig. 3. Changes in the number of Cretaceous ammonite species from Far East Russia, arranged in the ten most speciose families: non−heteromorphs (Phylloceratidae, Tetragonitidae, Gaudryceratidae, Pachydiscidae, Kossmaticeratidae) and heteromorphs (Scaphitidae, Baculitidae, Turrilitidae, Nostoceratidae, Diplomoceratidae). Abbreviations: low., lower; mid., middle; up., upper.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2012View details →

Fig. 4 in Ammonite faunal dynamics across bio-events during the mid- and Late Cretaceous along the Russian Pacific coast

Fig. 4. Regional bio−events recorded in ammonite assemblages from Far East Russian regions (present paper); regional palaeotemperature curves modified after Zakharov et al. (1998, 1999, 2005); generalised scheme of records of transgression and regression from Sakhalin and northeast Russia; global bio−events (Kauffmann and Hart 1995); global sea level curves by Haq et al. (1987); global palaeotemperature curves by Skelton (2003). Stages are shown without calibration to absolute time. Abbreviations: C–T, Cenomanian–Turonian boundary; Cr–Pg, Cretaceous Paleogene boundary; OAE, Oxygen Anoxic Event.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2013View details →

Fig. 1. Static and dynamic osteogenesis. A in Constraints on the lamina density of laminar bone architecture of large-bodied dinosaurs and mammals

Fig. 1. Static and dynamic osteogenesis. A. Static osteogenesis by static osteoblasts proliferating in situ from mesenchymal tissue. The random orientation of the osteoblasts creates a random local fibre orientation of the produced matrix. B. Static osteoblasts turn into static osteocytes as they become entrapped in the mineralizing woven bone matrix. C. Dynamic osteoblasts arrange themselves on the woven bone and start producing highly organized primary bone, occasionally trapping a dynamic osteoblast, which will then become a dynamic osteocyte. D. Static and dynamic osteocyte lacunae in a longitudinal section of a humerus of the titanosaur Alamosaurus. A–C modified from Marotti (2010), D modified from Stein and Prondvai (2014).

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Ecological Dynamics and Coexistence Patterns of Wild and Domestic Mammals in an Abandoned Landscape

<p>This repository contains all scripts and data used for analysis and figures for the paper <strong>Zuleger, Annika M., Perino, Andrea, Pereira, Henrique M. (2024): <em>Ecological Dynamics and Coexistence Patterns of Wild and Domestic Mammals in an Abandoned Landscape</em>. Wildlife Biology. DOI: 10.1002/wlb3.01319</strong></p> <p><strong>Full Changelog</strong>: https://github.com/AMZuleger/Dynamics_Coexistence_Peneda/commits/v1.0.0</p> <h2><strong>Abstract</strong></h2> <p>The issue of agricultural land abandonment in Southern Europe has raised concerns about its impact on biodiversity. While abandoned areas can lead to positive developments like creating new habitats and restoring native vegetation, they can also result in human-wildlife conflicts, particularly in areas with extensive farming and free-ranging livestock. To understand habitat selection and use of livestock and wild ungulates, it is essential to study their spatial and temporal distribution patterns. In this context, we conducted a long-term large mammal monitoring project using camera traps in the Peneda-Gerês National Park in Northern Portugal. Our primary focus was on exploring habitat preferences, occupancy dynamics, and potential spatial use correlations between domestic and wild species, utilizing dynamic occupancy models. Most wild species exhibited stable area use patterns, while domestic species experienced marginal declines, and the Iberian ibex displayed signs of repopulation. We observed distinct effects of habitat variables on occupancy, colonization, and extinction, revealing species-specific patterns of habitat utilization. Human disturbance had a notable impact on domestic species but did not affect wild ones. Camera sensitivity emerged as a critical factor, enhancing detection probability for all species. Additionally, habitat and weather variables exerted varying effects on detection probabilities, underscoring the necessity of accounting for these factors in modeling the detection process. We found shared habitat preferences between cattle and horses, both positively correlated with wolves, suggesting potential human-wildlife conflicts. Despite extensive spatial overlap, domestic and wild species seem to exhibit ecological independence due to distinct strategies and low predation pressure. Overall, the study emphasizes the multifaceted factors influencing habitat use. The observed species associations contribute to understanding ecological relationships and potential resource competition, emphasizing the importance of considering environmental variables for effective wildlife conservation and management.</p> <div> <h2><strong>Structure</strong></h2> </div> <ul> <li>R_Ecological_Dynamics_and_Coexistence_Patterns_rv.R --> R Script to perform all analysis from the publication <ul> <li>This is the only file needed to perform the entire analysis. Code will automaticall download data from GitHub and produce all Results and Figures.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div> <h3><strong>Data</strong></h3> </div> <ul> <li>Presence-absence tables for each species (per grid cell and week) from 2015 to 2022 (e.g. Domestic cattle.csv)</li> <li>SiteCovs_2015_grid.csv --> intial site covariates for the first primary sampling period</li> <li>yearlySiteCovs_grid.rds --> yearly site covariates for each primary sampling period</li> <li>ObsCovs.rds --> observation covariates for each secondary sampling period</li> </ul> <h2><strong>Authors</strong></h2> <p>Annika M. Zuleger*, Andrea Perino and Henrique M. Pereira</p> <p>*Corresponding author: Annika Mikaela Zuleger, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany Email: <a href="mailto:annika_mikaela.zuleger@idiv.de">annika_mikaela.zuleger@idiv.de</a></p>

opencc-zeroAug 2024View details →

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Patch: EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Patch 2.2

<p>A taxonomic patch for the <a href="https://eol.org/docs/eol-dynamic-hierarchy">EOL dynamic hierarchy</a>.</p>

Fig. 6 in Trilobite faunal dynamics on the Devonian continental shelves of the Ardenne Massif and Boulonnais (France, Belgium)

Fig. 6. Distribution of trilobite associations in the southern border of Dinant synclinorium, Ardenne Massif (Belgium, France) during the Middle and Late Devonian (see Fig. 2 for abbreviations). A. Eifelian ramp. B. Eifelian reef. C. Givetian carbonated platform. D. Givetian ramp. E. Frasnian platform. F. Frasnian deep facies of Namur synclinorium.

Fig. 5 in Trilobite faunal dynamics on the Devonian continental shelves of the Ardenne Massif and Boulonnais (France, Belgium)

Fig. 5. Diversity (Shannon-Weaver index) of the 67 trilobites samples from the Middle and Upper Devonian of the Ardenne Massif and Boulonnais (North France, Belgium) for four delineated associations (see Figs. 2, 3 for abbreviations).

Fig. 2 in Trilobite faunal dynamics on the Devonian continental shelves of the Ardenne Massif and Boulonnais (France, Belgium)

Fig. 2. Generalized lithostatigraphic section of Middle and Upper Devonian of the Ardenne Massif (France-Belgium) and Boulonnais (France) A. Correlation of the Ardenne Massif and Boulonnais formations. E1, Eau Noire Formation; E2, Couvin Formation; E3, Jemelle Formation; E4, X Formation; G1, Hanonet Formation; G2, Trois-Fontaines Formation; G3, Terres d'Haurs Formation; G4, Fromelennes Formation; G5, Griset Member; G6, Couderousse Member; F1, Arche Member; F2, Ermitage Member; F3, Bieumont Member; F4, Lion Member; F5, Boussu-en-Fagne Member and Neuville Formation (lateral facies); F6, Neuville Formation, Petit Mont Member; F7, Bovesse Formation; F8, Noces Member; F9, Pâture Member; F10, Ferques Formation (after Bultynck and Dejonghe 2001 and Hubert 2008). B. Reconstruction of the Frasnian platform of the Ardenne Massif (after Da Silva and Boulvain 2012).

Fig. 1 in Trilobite faunal dynamics on the Devonian continental shelves of the Ardenne Massif and Boulonnais (France, Belgium)

Fig. 1. Geographic location of the studied area (A) and geological map of the Ardenne and Boulonnais areas (B) with studied fossiliferous sections (modified after Crônier and van Viersen 2007).

Fig. 7 in Trilobite faunal dynamics on the Devonian continental shelves of the Ardenne Massif and Boulonnais (France, Belgium)

Fig. 7. Distribution of trilobite associations in the Boulonnais (North of France) during the Middle and Upper Devonian (see Fig. 2 for abbreviations). A. Givetian carbonated platform. B. Frasnian platform. C. Frasnian shaly facies.

Fig. 6 in Temporal dynamics of the geographic differentiation of Late Devonian Palmatolepis assemblages in the Prototethys

Fig. 6. Size (estimated by the zeroth harmonic of a Fourier analysis of the platform outline) and shape variations of Palmatolepis (Manticolepis) through Coumiac (France), Mrirt (Morocco), Xom Nha (Vietnam) and Thong Pha Phum (Thailand). Shape is estimated by the score on PC1 (25.5%) and by the score on PC1sf (24.4%). The symbols represent the average value per level; error bars correspond to the 95% confidence interval. The grey beld corresponds to the Upper Kellwasser (UKW). Open symbols: Frasnian; grey and black symbols: Famennian; circles = Coumiac, squares = Mrirt, triangles = Xom Nha, diamond = Thong Pha Phum. Grey boxes = the 3 time−slices.

Fig. 1 in Temporal dynamics of the geographic differentiation of Late Devonian Palmatolepis assemblages in the Prototethys

Fig. 1. Palaeogeographic map of the Late Devonian showing the location of the sections considered in the present study (after Scotese and McKerrow 1990; Scotese and Golonka 1992). Circle = Coumiac Upper Quarry (France), square = Mrirt (Morocco), triangle = Xom Nha (Vietnam), diamond = Thong Pha Phum (Thailand).

Fig. 5 in Temporal dynamics of the geographic differentiation of Late Devonian Palmatolepis assemblages in the Prototethys

Fig. 5. Differences in size and shape variance through time and space. A. Size distribution of the Palmatolepis (Manticolepis) elements per geographical region and per time slice. Each dot corresponds to a value. Size is estimated by the zeroth harmonic of a Fourier analysis of the platform outline. B. Shape distribution, of the Palmatolepis (Manticolepis) elements per geographical region and per time slice. Shape is estimated by the scores on PC1. Each dot corresponds to a value. C. Distribution of the size−free shape, estimated by the scores on PC1sf, of the Palmatolepis (Manticolepis) elements per geographical region and per time slice. Each dot represents single specimen; the grey beld corresponds to the Upper Kellwasser (UKW). Abbreviations: M, mean (Kruskall−Wallis); V, variance (Levene test).

Fig. 2 in Temporal dynamics of the geographic differentiation of Late Devonian Palmatolepis assemblages in the Prototethys

Fig. 2. Stratigraphical logs of the four compared sections, Coumiac (France), Mrirt (Morocco), Xom Nha (Vietnam) and Thong Pha Phum (Thailand). The studied levels are marked by a black circle. In gray, the dysoxic Kellwasser (UKW = Upper Kellwasser). Pa., Palmatolepis.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Fig. 2 in Influence of biotic and abiotic factors on flea species population dynamics on Lasiopodomys brandtii

Fig. 2. Community structure of Lasiopodomys brandtii fleas by seasons. Three flea species were collected throughout the study meanwhile, Rhadinopsylla rothschildi was only detected in autumn. The top of each column indicates the number of samples for each season.