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FIGURES 11–15. Piezobarra sparsilis Jordan, 1906 in Review of the Neotropical genera Barra Jordan and Brevibarra Jordan, with description of a new species of Barra from Nicaragua, notes on the tribe Piesocorynini Valentine, and new records of Brevibarra from Brazil and Ecuador (Coleoptera: Anthribidae)

FIGURES 11–15. Piezobarra sparsilis Jordan, 1906, female (MTDC); 11, dorsal habitus; 12, head in dorsal view; 13, right antenna in dorsal view; 14, pronotum in dorsal view; 15, lateral habitus. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 26–31 in Review of the Neotropical genera Barra Jordan and Brevibarra Jordan, with description of a new species of Barra from Nicaragua, notes on the tribe Piesocorynini Valentine, and new records of Brevibarra from Brazil and Ecuador (Coleoptera: Anthribidae)

FIGURES 26–31. Piesocorynus dispar (Gyllenhal, 1833), male (MTDC); 26, dorsal habitus; 27, head in dorsal view; 28, pygidium; 29, pronotum in dorsal view; 30, left antenna in dorsal view; 31, lateral habitus. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 51–55. Barra salamandrina Frieser, 1983 in Review of the Neotropical genera Barra Jordan and Brevibarra Jordan, with description of a new species of Barra from Nicaragua, notes on the tribe Piesocorynini Valentine, and new records of Brevibarra from Brazil and Ecuador (Coleoptera: Anthribidae)

FIGURES 51–55. Barra salamandrina Frieser, 1983, paratype male (MTDC); 51, dorsal habitus; 52, head in dorsal view; 53, left antenna in dorsal view; 54, pronotum in dorsal view; 55, lateral habitus. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 6–10. Opisolia lenis Jordan, 1931 in Review of the Neotropical genera Barra Jordan and Brevibarra Jordan, with description of a new species of Barra from Nicaragua, notes on the tribe Piesocorynini Valentine, and new records of Brevibarra from Brazil and Ecuador (Coleoptera: Anthribidae)

FIGURES 6–10. Opisolia lenis Jordan, 1931, female (MTDC); 6, dorsal habitus; 7, head in dorsal view; 8, pronotum in dorsal view; 9, right antenna in dorsal view; 10, lateral habitus. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 44–50. 44–47 in Review of the Neotropical genera Barra Jordan and Brevibarra Jordan, with description of a new species of Barra from Nicaragua, notes on the tribe Piesocorynini Valentine, and new records of Brevibarra from Brazil and Ecuador (Coleoptera: Anthribidae)

FIGURES 44–50. 44–47, Barra baruskae sp. nov.; 44, map of the type locality, Google.com/maps, modified; 45–47, paratype male; 45, aedeagus in dorsal view; 46, tegmen in ventral view; 47, segment VIII, and sternite IX (= spiculum gastrale) in dorsal view (scale bars in mm); 48, Barra salamandrina Frieser, 1983, labels of paratype male (MTDC); 49, Barra gounellei Jordan, 1904, labels of holotype male; 50, Brevibarra scotosagis Jordan, 1906, labels of holotype female.

FIGURES 56–60. Barra gounellei Jordan, 1904 in Review of the Neotropical genera Barra Jordan and Brevibarra Jordan, with description of a new species of Barra from Nicaragua, notes on the tribe Piesocorynini Valentine, and new records of Brevibarra from Brazil and Ecuador (Coleoptera: Anthribidae)

FIGURES 56–60. Barra gounellei Jordan, 1904, holotype male; 56, dorsal habitus; 57, head in dorsal view; 58, apical fourth antennomeres of left antenna in dorsal view; 59, pronotum in dorsal view; 60, lateral habitus. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 1–5 in Review of the Neotropical genera Barra Jordan and Brevibarra Jordan, with description of a new species of Barra from Nicaragua, notes on the tribe Piesocorynini Valentine, and new records of Brevibarra from Brazil and Ecuador (Coleoptera: Anthribidae)

FIGURES 1–5. Brachycorynus rectus (LeConte, 1876), female (MTDC); 1, dorsal habitus; 2, head in dorsal view; 3, left antenna in dorsal view; 4, pronotum in dorsal view; 5, lateral habitus. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 39–43 in Review of the Neotropical genera Barra Jordan and Brevibarra Jordan, with description of a new species of Barra from Nicaragua, notes on the tribe Piesocorynini Valentine, and new records of Brevibarra from Brazil and Ecuador (Coleoptera: Anthribidae)

FIGURES 39–43. Barra baruskae sp. nov., holotype male; 39, dorsal habitus; 40, head in dorsal view; 41, left antenna in dorsal view; 42, pronotum in dorsal view; 43, lateral habitus. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 32–38. Piezonemus durus Jordan, 1904 in Review of the Neotropical genera Barra Jordan and Brevibarra Jordan, with description of a new species of Barra from Nicaragua, notes on the tribe Piesocorynini Valentine, and new records of Brevibarra from Brazil and Ecuador (Coleoptera: Anthribidae)

FIGURES 32–38. Piezonemus durus Jordan, 1904, male (MTDC); 32, dorsal habitus; 33, head in dorsal view; 34, pygidium; 35, pronotum in dorsal view; 36, left antenna in dorsal view; 37, right mesotibia and mesotarsus; 38, lateral habitus. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 16–20. Phaenotheriopsis vauriei Valentine, 1955 in Review of the Neotropical genera Barra Jordan and Brevibarra Jordan, with description of a new species of Barra from Nicaragua, notes on the tribe Piesocorynini Valentine, and new records of Brevibarra from Brazil and Ecuador (Coleoptera: Anthribidae)

FIGURES 16–20. Phaenotheriopsis vauriei Valentine, 1955, male (MTDC); 16, dorsal habitus; 17, head in dorsal view; 18, right antenna in dorsal view; 19, pronotum in dorsal view; 20, lateral habitus. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 21–25 in Review of the Neotropical genera Barra Jordan and Brevibarra Jordan, with description of a new species of Barra from Nicaragua, notes on the tribe Piesocorynini Valentine, and new records of Brevibarra from Brazil and Ecuador (Coleoptera: Anthribidae)

FIGURES 21–25. Lagopezus tenuicornis (Fabricius, 1801), male (MTDC); 21, dorsal habitus; 22, head in dorsal view; 23, left antenna in dorsal view; 24, pronotum in dorsal view; 25, lateral habitus. Scale bars in mm.

Species of Acantholichen occurring only in the Neotropics show a high degree of endemism (Dal Forno et al. 2016). Of the seven species now recognized in this genus (Table 2), 71.4% (5) are known only from South America. As with Dictyonema, Acantholichen seem to be specific to substrate type and appears in the Andean small forest occurring on mosses in tree bark inhabiting mostly exposed habitats. Cyphellostereum is also represented by a high number of species restricted to the Neotropics [6 (66.6%)], while one is known only from North America, one from Southeastern United States and Puerto Rico, and another species is known only from Borneo and Fiji (Table 2). It is probably due to their unusual appearance that these lichens are getting confused with free-living cyanobacteria colonies, and that there are still undescribed species in the Neotropics. in Eight new species of lichenized Basidiomycota in the genera Acantholichen, Cyphellostereum and Dictyonema s.str. (Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae) from northern South America

Species of Acantholichen occurring only in the Neotropics show a high degree of endemism (Dal Forno et al. 2016). Of the seven species now recognized in this genus (Table 2), 71.4% (5) are known only from South America. As with Dictyonema, Acantholichen seem to be specific to substrate type and appears in the Andean small forest occurring on mosses in tree bark inhabiting mostly exposed habitats. Cyphellostereum is also represented by a high number of species restricted to the Neotropics [6 (66.6%)], while one is known only from North America, one from Southeastern United States and Puerto Rico, and another species is known only from Borneo and Fiji (Table 2). It is probably due to their unusual appearance that these lichens are getting confused with free-living cyanobacteria colonies, and that there are still undescribed species in the Neotropics.

FIGURES 27–32 in The first Neotropical and Afrotropical species of Microphorella Becker, with a key to the genera of Parathalassiinae and species of Microphorella from the Southern Hemisphere (Diptera: Dolichopodidae sensu lato)

FIGURES 27–32. Plesiothalassius capensis (Smith) and Amphithalassius latus Ulrich. 27. Habitus of male P. capensis. 28. Wing of male P. capensis. 29. Head of female P. capensis, anterior view. 30. Head of male P. capensis, lateral view. 31. Head of female A. latus, anterior view. 32. Head of female A. latus, lateral view. Abbreviations: an lb—anal lobe; cua—anterior cubital cell; CuA—anterior branch of cubital vein; dm—discal medial cell.

FIGURES 14–18 in The first Neotropical and Afrotropical species of Microphorella Becker, with a key to the genera of Parathalassiinae and species of Microphorella from the Southern Hemisphere (Diptera: Dolichopodidae sensu lato)

FIGURES 14–18. Microphorella irwini sp. nov., male. 14. Habitus of holotype. 15. Head and foreleg of holotype, lateral view showing projected lower margin of face (arrow) and long posterior seta on fore tibia (arrow). 16. Fore and mid legs in ventral view (showing setae on each trochanter, arrows) and head in anterior view. 17. Wing. 18. Apex of wing, showing larger costal seta (arrow). Abbreviations: an lb—anal lobe; cua—anterior cubital cell; CuA—anterior branch of cubital vein; dm—discal medial cell; M1, M2, M4—medial veins; plp—palpus; R1, R2+3, R 4+5 —medial veins.

FIGURES 19–22 in The first Neotropical and Afrotropical species of Microphorella Becker, with a key to the genera of Parathalassiinae and species of Microphorella from the Southern Hemisphere (Diptera: Dolichopodidae sensu lato)

FIGURES 19–22. Male and female terminalia of Microphorella irwini sp. nov. 19. Hypopygium, left lateral view. 20. Hypopygium, right lateral view. 21. Male cerci and hypoproct lobes, dorsal view. 22. Female terminalia, dorsal view. Abbreviations: cerc—cercus; d sur—dorsal lobe of surstylus; epand—epandrium; hypd—hypandrium; hypd proc—hypandrial process; hyprct lb—hypoproct lobe; (L)—left; pgt lb—postgonite lobe; ph—phallus; (R)—right; tg—tergite; v epand proc— ventral epandrial process; v sur—ventral lobe of surstylus.

FIGURES 23–26 in The first Neotropical and Afrotropical species of Microphorella Becker, with a key to the genera of Parathalassiinae and species of Microphorella from the Southern Hemisphere (Diptera: Dolichopodidae sensu lato)

FIGURES 23–26. Neothalassius villosus Brooks & Cumming, Chimerothalassius sinclairi Brooks & Cumming and Microphorella malaysiana Shamshev & Grootaert. 23. Wing of male N. villosus. 24. Head and forelegs of female N. villosus, lateral view. 25. Head and forelegs of male holotype of C. sinclairi, lateral view. 26. Habitus of male M. malaysiana, arrow indicates thickened fore tarsus. Abbreviations: M 1, M 4—medial veins; plp—palpus.

FIGURES 9–13 in The first Neotropical and Afrotropical species of Microphorella Becker, with a key to the genera of Parathalassiinae and species of Microphorella from the Southern Hemisphere (Diptera: Dolichopodidae sensu lato)

FIGURES 9–13. Male and female terminalia of Microphorella amorimi sp. nov. 9. Hypopygium, left lateral view. 10. Hypopygium, right lateral view. 11. Right epandrial lamella, right lateral view. 12. Phallus and ejaculatory apodeme, right lateral view. 13. Female terminalia, dorsal view. Abbreviations: cerc—cercus; d sur—dorsal lobe of surstylus; ej apod—ejaculatory apodeme; epand—epandrium; hypd—hypandrium; hyprct lb—hypoproct lobe; (L)—left; pgt lb—postgonite lobe; ph—phallus; (R)—right; tg—tergite; v epand proc—ventral epandrial process; v sur—ventral lobe of surstylus.

FIGURES 1–4 in The first Neotropical and Afrotropical species of Microphorella Becker, with a key to the genera of Parathalassiinae and species of Microphorella from the Southern Hemisphere (Diptera: Dolichopodidae sensu lato)

FIGURES 1–4. Known geographical distribution of Microphorella in the Neotropical Region and Afrotropical Region. 1–2. Distribution of M. amorimi sp. nov. in the Neotropical Region (Chile). 3–4. Distribution of M. irwini sp. nov. in the Afrotropical Region (South Africa).

FIGURES 5–8 in The first Neotropical and Afrotropical species of Microphorella Becker, with a key to the genera of Parathalassiinae and species of Microphorella from the Southern Hemisphere (Diptera: Dolichopodidae sensu lato)

FIGURES 5–8. Microphorella amorimi sp. nov., male. 5. Habitus of holotype, lateral view. 6. Head and antenna, dorsolateral view. 7. Head oblique view. 8. Wing. Abbreviations: an lb—anal lobe; cua—anterior cubital cell; CuA—anterior branch of cubital vein; dm—discal medial cell; dm-m—discal medial crossvein; M1, M2, M4—medial veins; plp—palpus.