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1,574 results for “atmospheres”
ISLSCP II Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Consumption by Continental Erosion
The Continental Atmospheric CO2 Consumption data set represents gridded estimates for the riverine export of carbon and of sediments based on empirical models. All data exist for the overall continental area in a spatial resolution of 0.5 x 0.5 degree longitude/ latitude. The units are tC/km2/yr for all carbon species, and t/km2/yr for sediment fluxes. There are two data files (*.zip) with this data set which describe the following: dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export, particulate organic carbon (POC) export, bicarbonate export, export of bicarbonate being of atmospheric origin (also called atmospheric CO2 consumption by rock weathering), and sediment export.
BOREAS Follow-On DSP-08 POLDER Atmospherically Corrected Surface Parameters, SSA
This data set contains maps of surface reflectance and ve getation parameters derived from imagery collected by the POLDER instrument over BOREAS conifer tower sites in the Southern Study Area(SSA) during 1994. The POLDER imagery proficed in this data set was collected on June 1, and July 21, 1994 from the NASA C-130 aircraft platform.
VIIRS/JPSS1 Atmospherically Corrected Surface Reflectance 6-Min L2 Swath IP 375m, 750m NRT
The VJ109_NRT is a Near Real Time (NRT) Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) 375 m, 750 m Atmospherically Corrected Surface Reflectance product. The VIIRS surface reflectance products are estimates of surface reflectance in each of the VIIRS reflective bands I1-I3, M1-M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11. The VNP09 Level-2 surface reflectance product contains approximately 6 minutes' worth of data. Surface reflectance for each moderate-resolution (750m) or imagery-resolution (375m) pixel is retrieved separately for the Level-2 products. Surface reflectance is obtained by adjusting top-of-atmosphere reflectance to compensate for atmospheric effects. Corrections are made for the effects of molecular gases, including ozone and water vapor, and for the effects of atmospheric aerosols. The inputs to the surface reflectance algorithm include top-of-atmosphere reflectance for the VIIRS visible bands (VJ102MOD, VJ102IMG), the VIIRS cloud mask and aerosol product, aerosol optical thickness, and atmospheric data obtained from a reanalysis (surface pressure, atmospheric precipitable water, and ozone concentration).All surface reflectance products are produced for daytime conditions only. The product is produced under all atmospheric conditions except for night and oceans. Pixels when not produced are replaced by fill values in the Level-2 and Level-2G products.For more information read Suomi-NPP VIIRS Surface Reflectance User's Guide at https://viirsland.gsfc.nasa.gov/PDF/VIIRS_Surf_Refl_UserGuide_v2.0.pdfor visit VIIRS Land website at https://viirsland.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html
CERES and GEO-Enhanced TOA, Within-Atmosphere and Surface Fluxes, Clouds and Aerosols Monthly Terra-NPP Edition1A
CER_SYN1deg-Month_Terra-NPP_Edition1A is the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) and geostationary (GEO)-Enhanced Top-of-Atmosphere (TOA) Within-Atmosphere and Surface Fluxes, Clouds and Aerosols Monthly Terra-Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) Edition1A data product. Data was collected using the CERES Imaging Radiometers on Geostationary Satellites; CERES Flight Model 1 (FM1), FM2, CERES Scanner, and Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra; and FM5, CERES Scanner, and Visible-Infrared Imager-Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on NPP. Data collection for this product is complete. The CERES SYN1deg products provide CERES-observed temporally interpolated TOA radiative fluxes and coincident MODIS-derived cloud and aerosol properties and include geostationary-derived cloud properties and broadband fluxes that have been carefully normalized with CERES fluxes to maintain the CERES calibration. They also contain computed initial TOA, in-atmosphere, surface fluxes, and computed fluxes adjusted or constrained to the CERES-observed TOA fluxes. The computed fluxes are produced using the Langley Fu-Liou radiative transfer model. Computations use MODIS, geostationary satellite cloud properties, and atmospheric profiles provided by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO). The adjustments to clouds and atmospheric properties are also provided. The computations are for all-sky, clear-sky, pristine (clear-sky without aerosols), and all-sky without aerosol conditions. This product provides parameters on a monthly temporal resolution on 1°-regional, zonal, and global spatial scales. Fluxes are provided for clear-sky and all-sky conditions in the longwave (LW), shortwave (SW), and window (WN) regions.The CERES SYN1deg products use 1-hourly radiances and cloud property data from geostationary (GEO) imagers to model variability between CERES observations accurately. Several steps are involved in using GEO data to enhance diurnal sampling. First, GEO radiances are cross-calibrated with the MODIS imager using only data that is coincident in time and ray-matched in angle. Next, the GEO cloud retrievals are inferred from the calibrated GEO radiances. The GEO radiances are converted from narrowband to broadband using empirical regressions and then to broadband GEO TOA fluxes using Angular Distribution Models (ADMs) and directional models. A normalization technique ensures GEO and CERES TOA fluxes are consistent. Instantaneous matched gridded fluxes from CERES and GEO are regressed against one another over a month from 5°x5 ° latitude-longitude regions. The regression relation is then applied to all GEO fluxes to remove biases that depend upon cloud amount, solar and view zenith angles, and regional dependencies. The regional means are determined for 1° equal-angle grid boxes calculated by first interpolating each parameter for any missing times of the CERES/GEO observations to produce a complete 1-hourly time series for the month. Monthly means are calculated using the combination of observed and interpolated parameters from all days containing at least one CERES observation.CERES is a key Earth Observing System (EOS) program component. The CERES instruments provide radiometric measurements of the Earth's atmosphere from three broadband channels. The CERES missions follow the successful Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) mission. The first CERES instrument, the protoflight model (PFM), was launched on November 27, 1997, as part of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Two CERES instruments (FM1 and FM2) were launched into polar orbit on board the Earth Observing System (EOS) flagship Terra on December 18, 1999. Two additional CERES instruments (FM3 and FM4) were launched on board Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua on May 4, 2002. The CERES FM5 instrument was launched on board the Suomi NPP satellite on October 28, 2011. The newest CERES instrument (FM6) was launched on board the Joint Polar-Orbiting Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1) satellite, now called NOAA-20, on November 18, 2017.
CERES and GEO-Enhanced TOA, Within-Atmosphere and Surface Fluxes, Clouds and Aerosols Daily Terra-NOAA20 Edition4A
CER_SYN1deg-Day_Terra-NOAA20_Edition4A is the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) and geostationary (GEO)-Enhanced Top-of-Atmosphere (TOA), Within-Atmosphere and Surface Fluxes, Clouds and Aerosols Daily Terra-NOAA20 Edition4A data product. Data was collected using the following instruments and platforms: Imaging Radiometers on the Geostationary Satellites platform, CERES Flight Model 1 (FM1), CERES FM2, CERES Scanner, and MODIS on Terra; and CERES FM6 and VIIRS on NOAA-20. Data collection for this product is ongoing.The CERES Synoptic Radiative Fluxes and Clouds (SYN) 1degree products provide CERES-observed temporally interpolated TOA radiative fluxes and coincident imager-derived cloud and aerosol properties and include geostationary-derived cloud properties and broadband fluxes that have been carefully normalized with CERES fluxes to maintain the CERES calibration. They also contain computed initial TOA, in-atmosphere, surface fluxes, and computed fluxes adjusted or constrained to the CERES-observed TOA fluxes. The calculated fluxes are produced using the Langley Fu-Liou radiative transfer model. Computations use MODIS, geostationary satellite cloud properties, and atmospheric profiles provided by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO). The adjustments to clouds and atmospheric properties are also provided. The computations are for all-sky, clear-sky, pristine (clear-sky without aerosols), and all-sky without aerosol conditions. This product provides parameters on a daily temporal resolution and 1°-regional spatial scales. Fluxes are provided for clear-sky and all-sky conditions in the longwave (LW), shortwave (SW), and window (WN) regions. The CERES SYN1deg products use 1-hourly radiances and cloud property data from GEO imagers to model variability between CERES observations accurately. Several steps are involved in using GEO data to enhance diurnal sampling. First, GEO radiances are cross-calibrated with the MODIS imager using only data that is coincident in time and ray-matched in angle. Next, the GEO cloud retrievals are inferred from the calibrated GEO radiances. The GEO radiances are converted from narrowband to broadband using empirical regressions and then to broadband GEO TOA fluxes using Angular Distribution Models (ADMs) and directional models. A normalization technique ensures GEO and CERES TOA fluxes are consistent. Instantaneous matched gridded fluxes from CERES and GEO are regressed against one another over a month from 5°x5 ° latitude-longitude regions. The regression relation is then applied to all GEO fluxes to remove biases that depend upon cloud amount, solar and view zenith angles, and regional dependencies. The regional means are determined for 1° equal-angle grid boxes calculated by first interpolating each parameter for any missing times of the CERES/GEO observations to produce a complete 1-hourly time series for the month. Daily means are calculated using the combination of observed and interpolated parameters from all days containing at least one CERES observation.CERES is a key Earth Observing System (EOS) program component. The CERES instruments provide radiometric measurements of the Earth's atmosphere from three broadband channels. The CERES missions follow the successful Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) mission. The first CERES instrument, the protoflight model (PFM), was launched on November 27, 1997, as part of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Two CERES instruments (FM1 and FM2) were launched into polar orbit on board the Earth Observing System (EOS) flagship Terra on December 18, 1999. Two additional CERES instruments (FM3 and FM4) were launched on board Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua on May 4, 2002. The CERES FM5 instrument was launched on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite on October 28, 2011. The newest CERES instrument (FM6) was launched on board the Joint Polar-Orbiting Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1) satellite, now called NOAA-20, on November 18, 2017.
CMS: Atmospheric CO2 and C Isotopes, Fossil Fuel Contributions, California, 2014-2015
This dataset provides measurements of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, carbon isotopes d13C and D14C, and fossil fuel CO2 (ffCO2) estimates from nine observation sites in California over three month-long campaigns in separate seasons of 2014-2015. ffCO2 was quantified based on the CO2 concentration and D14C. Simulations of ffCO2 at the sites and times of the observations were conducted with the Vulcan v2.2 fossil fuel emissions estimate for 2002 and the Weather Research and Forecasting - Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (WRF-STILT) atmospheric model. The observed and simulated ffCO2 were incorporated into Bayesian inverse estimates of ffCO2 to calculate California's ffCO2 emissions during the campaign period.
CARVE: L2 Atmospheric Gas Concentrations, Airborne Flasks, Alaska, 2012-2015
This data set provides atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), molecular hydrogen (H2), nitrous oxide (N2O), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and other trace gas mole fractions (i.e. "concentrations") from airborne campaigns over the Alaskan and Canadian Arctic for the Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE). The CARVE flight campaigns took place from 2012 to 2015 between the months of March and November to enable investigation of both seasonal and inter-annual variability in atmospheric gas abundances. The data were derived from laboratory measurements of whole air samples collected by a Programmable Flask Package (PFP) onboard the CARVE aircraft. Air samples were collected at strategic intervals to coincide with the overflight of a ground site of interest, or when interesting geophysical conditions were encountered. While most of these samples were collected near the surface in the planetary boundary layer (PBL), on almost every flight samples were also collected in the free troposphere. A minimum of 12 flask samples were collected per flight. Whole air samples collected in the PFPs were analyzed on automated systems at the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) Global Monitoring Division in Boulder, CO, which also analyzes samples from the NOAA/ESRL Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network. The measurements included in this data set are crucial for understanding changes in Arctic carbon cycling and the potential threats posed by thawing of Arctic permafrost.
ECOSTRESS Tiled Top of Atmosphere Calibrated Radiance Instantaneous L1C Global 70 m V002
The ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS) mission measures the temperature of plants to better understand how much water plants need and how they respond to stress. ECOSTRESS is attached to the International Space Station (ISS) and collects data globally between 52° N and 52° S latitudes. A map of the acquisition coverage can be found on the [ECOSTRESS website](https://ecostress.jpl.nasa.gov/science).The ECOSTRESS Tiled Top of Atmosphere Calibrated Radiance Instantaneous Level 1 Global 70 m (ECO_L1CT_RAD) Version 2 data product provides at-sensor calibrated radiance values retrieved for five thermal infrared (TIR) bands operating between 8 and 12.5 µm. This tiled data product is generated from the [ECO_L1CG_RAD](https://doi.org/10.5067/ECOSTRESS/ECO_L1CG_RAD.002) Version 2 data product using a modified version of the Military Grid Reference System ([MGRS](https://hls.gsfc.nasa.gov/products-description/tiling-system/)), which divides Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) zones into square tiles that are 109.8 km by 109.8 km with a 70 meter (m) spatial resolution. Each ECOSTRESS pixel can be assumed to remain at the same location at each timestep within a tile.The ECO_L1CT_RAD Version 2 data product contains 12 layers distributed in Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) format consisting of separate files containing five TIR bands, associated data quality indicators, and cloud and water masks.Known Issues* Data acquisition gap: ECOSTRESS was launched on June 29, 2018, and moved to autonomous science operations on August 20, 2018, following a successful in-orbit checkout period. On September 29, 2018, ECOSTRESS experienced an anomaly with its primary mass storage unit (MSU). ECOSTRESS has a primary and secondary MSU (A and B). On December 5, 2018, the instrument was switched to the secondary MSU and science operations resumed. On March 14, 2019, the secondary MSU experienced a similar anomaly, temporarily halting science acquisitions. On May 15, 2019, a new data acquisition approach was implemented, and science acquisitions resumed. To optimize the new acquisition approach TIR bands 2, 4, and 5 are being downloaded. The data products are as previously, except the bands not downloaded contain fill values (L1 radiance and L2 emissivity). This approach was implemented from May 15, 2019, through April 28, 2023.* Data acquisition gap: From February 8 to February 16, 2020, an ECOSTRESS instrument issue resulted in a data anomaly that created striping in band 4 (10.5 micron). These data products have been reprocessed and are available for download. No ECOSTRESS data were acquired on February 17, 2020, due to the instrument being in SAFEHOLD. Data acquired following the anomaly have not been affected.* Missing scan data/striping features: During testing, an instrument artifact was encountered in ECOSTRESS bands 1 and 5, resulting in missing values. A machine learning algorithm has been applied to interpolate missing values. For more information on the missing scan filling techniques and outcomes, see Section 3.3.2 of the ECO_L1B_RAD User Guide.* Scan overlap: An overlap between ECOSTRESS scans results in a clear line overlap and repeating data. Additional information is available in Section 3.2 of the ECO_L1B_RAD User Guide.* Scan flipping: Improvements to the visualization of the data to compensate for instrument orientation are discussed in Section 3.4 of the ECO_L1B_RAD User Guide.* Data acquisition: ECOSTRESS has now successfully returned to 5-band mode after being in 3-band mode since 2019. This feature was successfully enabled following a Data Processing Unit firmware update (version 4.1) to the payload on April 28, 2023. To better balance contiguous science data scene variables, 3-band collection is currently being interleaved with 5-band acquisitions over the orbital day/night periods.* Solar Array Obstruction: Some ECOSTRESS scenes may be affected by solar array obstructions from the International Space Station (ISS), potentially impacting data quality of obstructed pixels. The 'FieldOfViewObstruction' metadata field is included in all Version 2 products to indicate possible obstructions: * Before October 24, 2024 (orbits prior to 35724): The field is present but was not populated and does not reliably identify affected scenes. * On or after October 24, 2024 (starting with orbit 35724): The field is populated and generally accurate, except for late December 2024, when a temporary processing error may have caused false positives. * A [list of scenes](https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/documents/2249/obst_all.sort.gz) confirmed to be affected by obstructions is available and is recommended for verifying historical data (before October 24, 2024) and scenes from late December 2024.* The ISS native pointing information is coarse relative to ECOSTRESS pixels, so ECOSTRESS geolocation is improved through image matching with a basemap. Metadata in the L1B_GEO file shows the success of
MODIS/Aqua Atmospherically Corrected Surface Reflectance 5-Min L2 Swath 250m, 500m, and 1km
The MODIS/Aqua Atmospherically Corrected Surface Reflectance 5-Min L2 Swath 250m, 500m, 1km (MYD09) product is computed from the MODIS Level 1B land bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 (centered at 648 nm, 858 nm, 470 nm, 555 nm, 1240 nm, 1640 nm, and 2130 nm, respectively). The product is an estimate of the surface spectral reflectance for each band as it would have been measured at ground level if there were no atmospheric scattering or absorption. The surface-reflectance product is the input for product generation for several land products: vegetation Indices (VIs), Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF), thermal anomaly, snow/ice, and Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation/Leaf Area Index (FPAR/LAI).
ABoVE/ASCENDS: Merged Atmospheric CO2, CH4, and Meteorological Data, 2017
This dataset provides in situ airborne measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), water vapor concentrations, air temperature, pressure, and wind speed and direction as well as airborne remote sensing measurements of column average CO2 collected during Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons (ASCENDS) deployments from 2017-07-20 to 2017-08-08 over Alaska, US, and the Yukon and Northwest Territories of Canada. CO2 and CH4 were measured with NASA's Atmospheric Vertical Observations of CO2 in the Earth's Troposphere (AVOCET) instrument. Water vapor and relative humidity were measured with Diode Laser Hydrometer. Measurements were taken onboard a DC-8 aircraft. The ASCENDS flights were coordinated with the 2017 Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) campaign. The data are provided in ICARTT format along with an archive of flight videos.
HIRS/Nimbus-6 Level 1 Calibrated Radiances for the Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP) V001 (HIRSN6L1GARP) at GES DISC
The Nimbus-6 High Resolution Infrared Radiometer (HIRS) Level 1 Calibrated Radiances for the Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP) data product contains daily infrared radiances. The HIRS was designed to measure surface temperature and albedo, temperature and H2O profiles, cloud liquid water content, cloud amount and outgoing longwave fluxes in the infrared. The data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from 9-track magnetic tapes. The data are archived in their original IBM 32-bit word binary record format, also referred to as a binary TAP file, and contain one orbit of measurements.The HIRS experiment on Nimbus-6 is a follow on to the successful Nimbus-5 ITPR experiment. HIRS was a multi-channel filter radiometer with a Cassegrain telescope before the chopper assembly. The instrument scans in the cross track direction with 21 scans on each side of the subtrack point with about 30 km x 55 km resolution at nadir. HIRS measured radiances primarily in five spectral regions: (1) seven channels near the 15-micrometer CO2 absorption band, (2) two channels (11.1 and 3.7 micrometers) in the IR window, (3) two channels (8.2 and 6.7 micrometers) in the water vapor absorption band, (4) five channels in the 4.3-micrometer band, and (5) one channel in the visible 0.69-micrometer region.The HIRS Principal Investigator was Mr. W. L. Smith from the NOAA National Environmental Satellite Service. The Nimbus-6 HIRS data are available from August 17, 1975 (day of year 229) through March 4, 1976 (day of year 238).These data were previously archived at NASA NSSDC under the entry ID ESAD-00017 together with the merged retrieval data set).
VISSR/SMS-1 Level 1 Atmospheric and Oceanographic Image Processing System (AOIPS) Data V001 (VISSRSMS1L1AOIPS) at GES DISC
VISSRSMS1L1AOIPS is the Visible Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer (VISSR) Level 1 Atmospheric and Oceanographic Image Processing System (AOIPS) data product from the first Synchronous Meteorological Satellite (SMS-1). There are typically three data files for a scene of the Earth with radiances that were measured in the visible (0.55 to 0.70 micrometer) and/or IR (10.5 to 12.6 micrometer) wavelengths with a spatial resolution of 0.9 and 8 km, respectively. Files also include time, geolocation, orbit, attitude, and telemetry information. There are three types of data files in this product: one contains IR data, one contains the IR grid information (blank before 1974/10/29), and another contains VIS data. Each data file is structured with an AOIPS label, followed by an IPD label, and then an optional 8 telemetry records followed by a set of data records. Visible data are typically 3904 pixels by either 4000 or 2000 scan lines (5 or 2.5 minute scenes respectively). IR data are typically 976 pixels by either 500 or 250 scan lines (5 or 2.5 minute scenes respectively). A full scan of the Earth was made every 20 minutes.The data were used to make 70mm film negatives and 9.5” positive prints on a Dicomed Image Recording System. Data for this product are available from 1974/07/01 through 1979/04/19 (with gaps plus no data between 1975/08/20 and 1979/02/17). The SMS-1 satellite was initially parked over the equator at longitude 45W on June 7, 1974 viewing the hemisphere below the satellite to support the GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE). It was moved to its operational position at 75W on Nov 15, 1974 where it remained until GOES-1 was launched, after which SMS 1 was moved to 105W and placed in stand-by-mode as a backup to GOES-1 or SMS-2. The VISSR experiment was operated by the NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS), as well as scientists from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00018 (old ID 74-033A-01D).
TROPICS03 L2B Neural-network Atmospheric Vertical Temperature & Moisture Profiles V1.0
The "Time-Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats" (TROPICS) mission has a goal of providing nearly all-weather observations of three-dimensional temperature and humidity, as well as cloud ice and precipitation horizontal structure, at high temporal resolution to conduct high-value science investigations of tropical cyclones. The mission comprises a constellation of five identical Space Vehicles (SVs) conforming to the 3U form factor and hosting a passive microwave spectrometer payload.Each SV hosts an identical high-performance spectrometer named the TROPICS Millimeter-wave Sounder (TMS) that will provide temperature profiles using seven channels near the 118.75-GHz oxygen absorption line, water vapor profiles using three channels near the 183-GHz water vapor absorption line, imagery in a single channel near 90 GHz for precipitation measurements (when combined with higher resolution water vapor channels), and a single channel near 205 GHz that is more sensitive to cloud-sized ice particles.This dataset is the Level-2B Neural Network Atmospheric Vertical Profiles (NNAVP) – Neural Network vertical profile retrieval approach for temperature profiles in Kelvin (K) and water vapor mixing ratio profiles in (kg/kg). Retrievals are done in all non and precipitating conditions, over both land and ocean. Temperature profiles go from surface to 20 km and water profiles from surface to 10-km. The geophysical retrieval of atmospheric vertical temperature is at the larger unified F-band spatial resolution while the retrieval of vertical moisture is at the finer G-band spatial resolution. Each TROPICS netCDF file contains a granule of data with 81 spots and approximately 2880 scans, where a granule is defined as an orbit's worth of data.
Nimbus-6 Level 2 NMC Data Systems Test for the Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP) V001 (NMCN6L2GARP) at GES DISC
The NMCN6L2GARP is the Nimbus-6 Level 2 NMC Data Systems Test for the Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP) product. The product consists of meterological parameters, such as relative humidity, temperature, wind speed, etc., reported every 6 hours. Data Systems Tests (DST) 5 and 6 were conducted to assess the NMC's numerical analysis and forecasting, and to determine the impact of meteorological satellite data from Nimbus-6 HRIR and SCAMS. DST-5 ran for the period of 30 August to 4 September 1975, and DST-6 was conducted from 29 February to 3 March 1976. The data were recovered from the original magnetic tapes, and are now stored online as orbit files in their original proprietary binary format each with a days worth of data (14 orbits).These data were previously archived at NASA NSSDC under the entry ID ESAD-00094 (old id 775-052A-02B).
SAFARI 2000 Surface Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SMART), Dry Season 2000
Surface-sensing Measurements for Radiative Transfer (SMART) and Chemical, Optical, and Microphysical Measurements of In-situ Troposphere (COMMIT) consist of a suite of instruments that measure (both in-situ and by remote sensing) parameters that help to characterize, as completely as possible, constituents of the atmosphere at a given location. SMART and COMMIT are mobile systems that can be deployed to locations that exhibit interesting atmospheric phenomena. This allows investigators to participate in coordinated measurement campaigns, such as SAFARI 2000.The SMART instruments were deployed to the Skukuza Airport from August 15 to September 17, 2000 to take part in the SAFARI 2000 Dry Season Aircraft Campaign. The SMART-COMMIT mission is designed to pursue the following goals: Earth Observing System (EOS) validation; innovative investigations; and long-term atmospheric monitoring.The results reported in this data set are for the following instruments deployed and measurements recorded at the Skukuza Airport site within the Kruger National Park:several broadband radiometers, for global, diffuse, direct downward solar irradiance and global infrared downward irradiance; meteorological sensors, for surface air temperature, pressure, relative humidity, and wind; anda Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (NASA Ames), for spectral solar downward irradiance.
ATom: Merged Atmospheric Chemistry, Trace Gases, and Aerosols
This dataset provides information on greenhouse gases and human-produced air pollution, including atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), tropospheric ozone (O3), and black carbon (BC) aerosols, collected during airborne campaigns conducted by NASA's Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) mission. This dataset includes merged data from all instruments plus additional data such as numbered profiles and distance flown. Merged data have been created for seven different sampling intervals. In the case of data obtained over longer time intervals (e.g. flask data), the merge files provide (weighted) averages to match the sampling intervals. ATom deploys an extensive gas and aerosol payload on the NASA DC-8 aircraft for a systematic, global-scale sampling of the atmosphere, profiling continuously from 0.2 to 12 km altitude. Flights occurred in each of 4 seasons from 2016 to 2018. Flights originate from the Armstrong Flight Research Center in Palmdale, California, fly north to the western Arctic, south to the South Pacific, east to the Atlantic, north to Greenland, and return to California across central North America. ATom establishes a single, contiguous, global-scale dataset. This comprehensive dataset will be used to improve the representation of chemically reactive gases and short-lived climate forcers in global models of atmospheric chemistry and climate. Profiles of the reactive gases will also provide critical information for the validation of satellite data, particularly in remote areas where in situ data is lacking. Complete aircraft flight information including, but not limited to, latitude, longitude, and altitude are also provided. This data release provides results from all instruments on all four ATom flight campaigns.
Spatial Statistical Data Fusion (SSDF) Level 3: CONUS Near-Surface Atmospheric Temperature from Aqua AIRS, V2 (SNDRAQIL3SSDFCNSAT)
This data set provides an estimate of the surface air temperature. It infers a value for each grid point based on nearby and distant values of the input Level-2 datasets and estimates of the variance of those values, with lower variances given higher weight.The Spatial Statistical Data Fusion (SSDF) surface continental United States (CONUS) products, fuse data from the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) instrument on the EOS-Aqua spacecraft with data from the Cross-track Infrared and Microwave Sounding Suite (CrIMSS) instruments on the Suomi-NPP spacecraft. The CrIMSS instrument suite consists of the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) infrared sounder and the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) microwave sounder. It infers a value for each grid point based on nearby and distant values of the input Level-2 datasets and estimates of the variance of those values, with lower variances given higher weight. These are all daily products on a ¼ x ¼ degree latitude/longitude grid covering the continental United States (CONUS). The SSDF algorithm infers a value for each grid point based on nearby and distant values of the input Level-2 datasets and estimates of the variance of those values, with lower variances given higher weight. Performing the data fusion of two (or more) remote sensing datasets that estimate the same physical state involves four major steps: (1) Filtering input data; (2) Matching the remote sensing datasets to an in situ dataset, taken as a truth estimate; (3) Using these matchups to characterize the input datasets via estimation of their bias and variance relative to the truth estimate; (4) Performing the spatial statistical data fusion. We note that SSDF can also be performed on a single remote sensing input dataset. The SSDF algorithm only ingests the bias-corrected estimates, their latitudes and longitudes, and their estimated variances; the algorithm is agnostic as to which dataset or datasets those estimates, latitudes, longitudes, and variances originated from.
GHRSST Level 2P Global skin Sea Surface Temperature from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on the Metop-B satellite (GDS V2) produced by OSI SAF
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals generated in real-time from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on the European Meteorological Operational-B (MetOp-B)satellite (launched 17 Sep 2012). The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT),Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near realtime from METOP/IASI. The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) measures inthe infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum at a horizontal resolution of 12 km at nadir up to40km over a swath width of about 2,200 km. With 14 orbits in a sun-synchronous mid-morningorbit (9:30 Local Solar Time equator crossing, descending node) global observations can beprovided twice a day. The SST retrieval is performed and provided by the IASI L2 processor atEUMETSAT headquarters. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification(GDS) version 2.
Global Fire carbon emissions from CMS-Flux inversions assimilating atmospheric carbon monoxide observations
This dataset provides carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide flux from fires constrained by satellite observations.The NASA Carbon Monitoring System (CMS) is designed to make significant contributions in characterizing, quantifying, understanding, and predicting the evolution of global carbon sources and sinks through improved monitoring of carbon stocks and fluxes. The System will use the full range of NASA satellite observations and modeling/analysis capabilities to establish the accuracy, quantitative uncertainties, and utility of products for supporting national and international policy, regulatory, and management activities. CMS will maintain a global emphasis while providing finer scale regional information, utilizing space-based and surface-based data and will rapidly initiate generation and distribution of products both for user evaluation and to inform near-term policy development and planning.
ACT-America: L2 In Situ Atmospheric CO2, CO, CH4, and O3 Concentrations, Eastern USA
This dataset provides atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), water vapor (H2O), and ozone (O3) concentrations collected during airborne campaigns conducted by the Atmospheric Carbon and Transport-America (ACT-America) project. ACT-America's mission spanned 4 years and included five 6-week airborne campaigns covering all 4 seasons and 3 regions of the central and eastern United States. This dataset provides results from all five campaigns, including Summer 2016, Winter 2017, Fall 2017, Spring 2018, and Summer 2019. Two instrumented aircraft platforms, the NASA Langley Beechcraft B200 King Air and the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center's C-130H Hercules, were used to collect high-quality in situ measurements across a variety of continental surfaces and atmospheric conditions. CO2, CO, CH4, and H2O were collected with an infrared cavity ring-down spectrometer system (CRDS; Picarro Inc.). Ozone data were collected with a dual beam differential UV absorption ozone monitor (Model 205; 2B Technologies). Both aircraft hosted identical arrays of in situ sensors. Complete aircraft flight information including, but not limited to, latitude, longitude, altitude, and meteorological conditions are also provided.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.