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2,015 results for “context”
Figure 4 in Effects of genetic relatedness, spatial distance, and context on intraspecific aggression in the red wood ant Formica pratensis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 4. Neighbor-joining tree of genetic distances of the COI gene for F. pratensis sampled from nine colonies. Numbers on the nodes show the bootstrap values (>50%) and the numbers and the abbreviations at the end of the branches denote the localities and the nest IDs, respectively.
Into Context Spaces. Slides.
<p>Slides for article "Into Context Spaces"</p>
Leveraging DAGs to improve context-sensitive and abundance-aware tree estimation
<p>Simulation, inference results, plots, and instructions for running code to reproduce results.</p>
OBJECT PHRASES INCLUDING NOUNS AND NON-FINITE VERBS IN THE SENTENCES AND THEIR TYPES IN THE CONTEXT
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Context-dependent signaling of coincident auditory and visual events in primary visual cortex
Detecting rapid, coincident changes across sensory modalities is essential for recognition of sudden threats or events. Using two-photon calcium imaging in identified cell types in awake, head-fixed mice, we show that, among the basic features of a sound envelope, loud sound onsets are a dominant feature coded by the auditory cortex neurons projecting to primary visual cortex (V1). In V1, a small number of layer 1 interneurons gates this cross-modal information flow in a context-dependent manner. In dark conditions, auditory cortex inputs lead to suppression of the V1 population. However, when sound input coincides with a visual stimulus, visual responses are boosted in V1, most strongly after loud sound onsets. Thus, a dynamic, asymmetric circuit connecting AC and V1 contributes to the encoding of visual events that are coincident with sounds.
Data from: Context-dependent alarm signalling in an insect
Animals often respond to danger by raising alarm to inform others. Alarm signals come in many different forms, such as visual or mechanical display, sound or odour. Some animals produce vocal alarm signals that vary with the level of danger. For chemical alarm signals, virtually nothing is known about such context-dependent signalling due to a general notion that alarm pheromones have fixed compositions. Here, we show that larvae of the Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) produce an alarm pheromone whose composition varies with the level of danger they face: the presence of a relatively harmless predator or a very dangerous predator, that is either actually attacking or not. The frequency of alarm pheromone excretion increases with the level of danger. Moreover, the composition of excreted alarm pheromone varies in the relationship between total and relative amount of the putative two components, decyl acetate (DAc) and dodecyl acetate (DDAc). When pheromone is excreted with a predator present but not attacking, the percentage DDAc increases with the total amount of pheromone. When a predator does attack, however, the relationship between percentage DDAc and total amount of pheromone is reversed. Taken together, the alarm signal of thrips larvae appears to be context dependent, which to our knowledge is the first report of context-dependent composition of an alarm pheromone.
Data from: A cryptic Allee effect: spatial contexts mask an existing fitness–density relationship
Current theories predict that Allee effects should be widespread in nature, but there is little consistency in empirical findings. We hypothesized that this gap can arise from ignoring spatial contexts (i.e. spatial scale and heterogeneity) that potentially mask an existing fitness–density relationship: a 'cryptic' Allee effect. To test this hypothesis, we analysed how spatial contexts interacted with conspecific density to influence the fertilization rate of the freshwater mussel Margaritifera laevis. This sessile organism has a simple fertilization process whereby females filter sperm from the water column; this system enabled us to readily assess the interaction between conspecific density and spatial heterogeneity (e.g. flow conditions) at multiple spatial levels. Our findings were twofold. First, positive density-dependence in fertilization was undetectable at a population scale (approx. less than 50.5 m2), probably reflecting the exponential decay of sperm density with distance from the sperm source. Second, the Allee effect was confirmed at a local level (0.25 m2), but only when certain flow conditions were met (slow current velocity and shallow water depth). These results suggest that spatial contexts can mask existing Allee effects.
Data from: The influence of social preferences and reputational concerns on intergroup prosocial behavior in gains and losses contexts
To what extent do people help ingroup members based on a social preference to improve ingroup members' outcomes, versus strategic concerns about preserving their reputation within their group? And do these motives manifest differently when a prosocial behaviour occurs in the context of helping another gain a positive outcome (study 1), versus helping another to avoid losing a positive outcome (study 2)? In both contexts, we find that participants are more prosocial towards ingroup (versus outgroup members) and more prosocial when decisions are public (versus private) but find no interaction between group membership and either anonymity of the decision or expected economic value of helping. Therefore, consistent with a preference-based account of ingroup favouritism, people appear to prefer to help ingroup members more than outgroup members, regardless of whether helping can improve their reputation within their group. Moreover, this preference to help ingroup members appears to take the form of an intuitive social heuristic to help ingroup members, regardless of the economic incentives or possibility of reputation management. Theoretical and practical implications for the study of intergroup prosocial behaviour are discussed.
Data from: Selection for relative brain size affects context-dependent male preferences, but not discrimination, of female body size in guppies
Understanding what drives animal decisions is fundamental in evolutionary biology, and mate choice decisions are arguably some of the most important decisions in any individual's life. As cognitive ability can impact decision-making, elucidating the link between mate choice and cognitive ability is necessary to fully understand mate choice. To experimentally study this link, we used guppies (Poecilia reticulata) artificially selected for divergence in relative brain size and with previously demonstrated differences in cognitive ability. A previous test in our female guppy selection lines demonstrated the impact of brain size and cognitive ability on information processing during female mate choice decisions. Here we evaluated the effect of brain size and cognitive ability on male mate choice decisions. Specifically, we investigated the preferences of large-brained, small-brained, and non-selected guppy males for female body size, a key indicator of female fecundity in this species. For this, male preferences were quantified in dichotomous choice tests when presented to dyads of females with small, medium and large body size differences. All types of males showed preference for larger females but no effect of brain size was found in the ability to discriminate between differently sized females. However, we found that non-selected and large-brained males, but not small-brained males, showed context-dependent preferences for larger females depending on the difference in female size. Our results have two important implications. First, they provide further evidence that male mate choice occurs also in a species in which secondary sexual ornamentation occurs only in males. Second, they show that brain size and cognitive ability have important effects on individual variation in mating preferences and sexually selected traits.
Context-Dependent Effects of a Reintroduced Ungulate on Soil Properties are Driven by Soil Texture, Moisture and Herbivore Activity
<p>Although there is considerable evidence that large mammalian herbivores influence ecosystem-level processes, studies have reported such widely varying results that generalizations have remained elusive. Here, we use an 18-year-old exclosure experiment – stratified across a landscape heterogeneous with respect to soil texture, moisture and herbivore activity – to understand the variable effects of tule elk (<i>Cervus canadensis nannodes</i>), a native reintroduced herbivore, on soil properties along the coast of northern California. Elk significantly increased soil bulk density and created a compacted layer at shallow soil depth, while decreasing infiltration rate and pH. The effects of elk on bulk density, penetration resistance and pH varied with soil type, being least pronounced in coarse, sandy loams and greatest in loose sand. The effects of elk on nutrient availability varied along gradients of soil texture and moisture. In coarser soils, elk decreased ammonium availability, but increased it in finer soils. Elk also decreased soil moisture content, in part through their positive effect on bulk density, and this effect was most pronounced in coarser soils. Through decreasing soil moisture content, elk also decreased nitrate availability in coarser soils. At greater levels of elk activity (as measured by dung deposition), the elk effect on bulk density was amplified, and this had a corresponding negative effect on nitrate and phosphate availability. Our study has demonstrated that a better understanding of spatial variation in the effects of herbivores on ecosystems can emerge by evaluating their influences across gradients of soil texture, soil moisture, and herbivore activity. These data enabled us to evaluate several frameworks that have been developed to understand the variable effects of herbivores on ecosystems, which is a significant step in reconciling the many competing ideas put forth to explain the context-dependent effects of large herbivores on grazed ecosystems.</p>
Context-Aware Retrieval-based Deep Commit Message Generation Dataset
<p>dataset</p>
Figure 10 from: McOuat G (2016) Naming and Necessity: Sherborn's Context in the 19th Century. In: Michel E (Ed.) Anchoring Biodiversity Information: From Sherborn to the 21st century and beyond. ZooKeys 550: 57–69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.550.7399
Figure 10 - An iconographic picture of Sherborn in later years – staged, but revealing and taken at about the time of the final quote.
Appendix to paper Mid-Holocene climate record in Santovka travertine (Slovakia) in context of regional discrepancies of climate shifts 8.2 and 7.4 ka BP
<p>Figures, data, and code are available in html file exported from RStudio. The html knit file contain the whole code with notes, used R libraries, data preparation, visualisation of plots, and data analyses. Zip file contain used LiPD data of Santovka-village and other sites.</p>
Alternatively spliced exon regulates context-dependent MEF2D higher-order assembly during myogenesis
<p>Molecular dynamics data on four MEF2D beta-domain peptide constructs.</p>
Annotated recordings of two captive groups of rooks, with individual identity and context
<p>This dataset was used in our paper "Vocal complexity in a socially complex corvid: gradation, diversity, and lack of common call repertoire in male rooks" (DOI will be added on publication).</p> <p>If you use this dataset in your work, please cite the article (citation to be added on publication).</p> <p>The dataset includes audio recording (stored in "audio.zip") and annotations (stored in "labels.zip" and "clean labels.zip), collected between 2020 and 2022 in two captive groups of rooks in outdoor aviaries, one in Strasbourg (France) and one in Cambridge (UK). The audio was compressed losslessly to FLAC files from the original uncompressed WAV to fit with the Zenodo 50GB limit. They can be converted back to WAV with the Python soundfile package or with FFMPEG from the command line if needed (though some conversion will probably fail due to the ~4GB file size limit on WAV).</p> <p>NOTE: To ease checking data formatting without downloading the entire dataset, the "example.zip" folder contains one audio file and its associated annotations.</p> <p>Two different versions of the annotations files are included: "clean_labels.zip" includes the TSV files used in the analysis for the paper, and "labels.zip" includes the TXT files used for annotation, which can be opened along with the audio files in the Audacity software for reviewing. Each audio file corresponds to one TXT and one TSV file, with corresponding files sharing the same filename. Filename format is 'YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS(_StartXXXX)', meaning the date and time of the beginning of the recording; optionally, "StartXXXX" means that the original recording was split into multiple files, with each file starting XXXX seconds after the start of the original recording.</p> <p>TSV annotations include, for each recorded rook vocalisations: time stamps (Start, End columns), emitter identity (Source column), context of emission (Event column; these annotations are often abbreviations, but the most important distinction is between calls and songs, denoted by the presence or absence of "sing" in the Event cell). and additional comments (Comment column). Special cases for annotations include Inc (unknown single individual vocalised but could not be identified), Pls (several individuals vocalised but overlapped too much to be separated), Comment (for events of note that were not vocalisations), and Ignore (this was used for sections that could not be checked for annotations for any reason; vocalisations may be included but were not annotated).</p> <p>TXT annotations include the same information but the Source and Event columns are merged and the corresponding Comments are additional markers between the vocalisation timestamps, to be compatible with Audacity. This is best viewed in the example file.</p> <p>Additional info regarding the individuals can be found in Table S1 of the paper.</p> <p> </p> <p>The code used for the analysis is hosted at <a href="https://gitlab.com/kimartin/cluster_rook_vocs">https://gitlab.com/kimartin/cluster_rook_vocs</a>.</p> <p>For questions on the dataset, please reach out to <a href="mailto:killian.martin@ens-lyon.fr">killian.martin@ens-lyon.fr</a></p>
EUinLAC Lecture 1 Video: EU-Latin America and the Caribbean relations in historical and political context
<p>The project “The reconfiguration of the European Union presence in Latin America and the Caribbean” (EUinLAC) was conceived and launched between 2019 and 2020. The European Union Jean Monnet programme generously financed it in 2020 and the project activities were carried out between 2020 and 2023. The project was designed to promote both research and teaching on European Union (EU)-Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) relations. The first mission was accomplished with the publication of the volume named after the project “The Redefinition of EU presence in Latin America and the Caribbean”, which brings together 18 original contributions on the topic and was published by Peter Lang in 2023. The second objective was met by the release of this innovative open educational resource, or teaching tool, an undertaking that Friedrich-Alexander University Press enthusiastically embraced and published in full open access to reach as wide an audience as possible.</p>
University Social Responsibility (USR) in the context of Peruvian society A systematic review
<p>Background: The university social responsibility (USR) goes beyond the traditional extension and solidary social projection of the universities, but the professional must improve and develop proposals in improvement of the country. The objective is to carry out a systematic review of the scientific production related to USR in Peru and to analysed the most important findings of this production.</p> <p>Method: A systematic review of articles in English and Spanish in repositories such as SCOPUS, REDALYC and SCIELO was carried out, searching for research related to USR in the Peruvian context. Articles on USR in Latin America or the world were excluded. The search and filtering of articles was carried out until February 2023. Several filters were applied, starting with the search for titles according to the search equation. Then, articles that did not deal with MSW were eliminated. Subsequently, the abstracts were read and those that did not meet the inclusion criteria were discarded. Finally, the remaining research was analysed to obtain the necessary information for the research.</p> <p>Results: A total of 20 articles were analysed. The main results showed that university social responsibility in the Peruvian context seeks to benefit society and to form ethical and responsible students. However, more policies and actions are needed to encourage the participation of all universities in USR.</p> <p>Conclusion: University Social Responsibility (USR) seeks to benefit society, being students the key actors to improve their country with the professional development acquired in higher institutions. The implication for future research is to carry out more studies on MSW but within the national university centres in the highlands and jungle areas of Peru, where it is possible to show the state of this topic in other areas of Peru</p>
Systematic literature review database: responding to climate services in the context of drought
<p>Literature review database associated to the work in Muller et al. 2024. For more details for the search keywords and selection criteria see the paper.</p> <p> </p> <p>Muller, L. C., Schaafsma, M., Mazzoleni, M., & Van Loon, A. F. (2024). Responding to climate services in the context of drought: A systematic review. <em>Climate Services</em>, <em>35</em>, 100493.</p>
Babel revisited: a taxonomy for ordinary images indexing in a bilingual retrieval context
<p>With the large volume of digital images now accessible on the World Wide Web, users<br> searching for images can be overwhelmed by many factors. Too many available images,<br> images indexed with an incomprehensible vocabulary or one that is too specialized to be<br> useful are but a few examples of issues leading to frustration. In addition, language barriers<br> still prevent Web users from retrieving the images they need.<br> This contribution presents the preliminary results of a study proposing to explore the<br> behaviours of image searchers from four different linguistic communities. The purpose of<br> this preliminary study is to examine queries formulated by image searchers to learn about<br> the terminology used and evaluate how this terminology can be eventually incorporated<br> into the development of a bilingual taxonomy for digital image indexing. Forty participants<br> from four different linguistic communities (English, French, Chinese and Russian native<br> speakers) were asked to write the queries they would use to retrieve ten images that were<br> shown to them consecutively. Then they were invited to fill out a questionnaire on their<br> behaviours as an image searcher on the Web.<br> The results of this research allowed the acquisition of knowledge of user terminology<br> standards and an assessment of how that terminology might be integrated in the develop-<br> ment of a bilingual taxonomy for improved indexing of ordinary digital images. Moreover,<br> since language barriers regularly prevent users from easily accessing information of all kinds, the<br> bilingual taxonomy will constitute a clear benefit for image searchers who are not overly<br> familiar with images indexed in English, which is still the dominant language of the Web.<br> </p>
Figure 5 in Gardening behaviour of Sicydium punctatum (Gobioidei: Sicydiinae): in vitro experiments in the context of chlordecone pollution in Guadeloupe Island rivers
Figure 5. – Diatom composition (expressed as the number of cells counted in the sample) from the biofilm in the unpolluted (black) and the polluted (grey) tanks.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.