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Text-fig. 3. a–e: Berberis auriolensis sp. nov. a: Oriolo MSF 644, Holotype. b: Oriolo MSF 794, asterisks indicate position of teeth. c: Oriolo MSF 784. d: Oriolo MSF 789. e: Oriolo MSF 790. f–h: Modern leaves of Berberis. f: Berberis amurensis var. japonica modern leaf (NMNS Cleared Leaf Database specimen T 0454). g: Berberis koreana modern leaf (NMNS Cleared Leaf Database specimen T 1646). h: Berberis canadensis modern leaf (NMNS Cleared Leaf Database specimen T 1670). i: Epimedium cf. praeaspera Oriolo MSF 778, asterisk indicates position of tooth. j: Clematis aff. vitalba Oriolo MSF 630. Scale bars 10 mm (a–j). in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome
Text-fig. 3. a–e: Berberis auriolensis sp. nov. a: Oriolo MSF 644, Holotype. b: Oriolo MSF 794, asterisks indicate position of teeth. c: Oriolo MSF 784. d: Oriolo MSF 789. e: Oriolo MSF 790. f–h: Modern leaves of Berberis. f: Berberis amurensis var. japonica modern leaf (NMNS Cleared Leaf Database specimen T 0454). g: Berberis koreana modern leaf (NMNS Cleared Leaf Database specimen T 1646). h: Berberis canadensis modern leaf (NMNS Cleared Leaf Database specimen T 1670). i: Epimedium cf. praeaspera Oriolo MSF 778, asterisk indicates position of tooth. j: Clematis aff. vitalba Oriolo MSF 630. Scale bars 10 mm (a–j).
Text-fig. 6. a: cf. Rubus sp., leaflet Oriolo MSF 676. b, c: cf. Sorbus. b: Oriolo MSF 821. c: MSF 677. d: Spiraea aff. cana Oriolo MSF 944. e: Rhamnus aff. cathartica Oriolo MSF 909. f–l: Ulmus affinis. f: Oriolo MSF 717. g: Oriolo MSF 725. h: Oriolo MSF 724. i: Oriolo MSF 721. j: Oriolo MSF 723. k: Oriolo MSF 637. l: Oriolo MSF 722. m: Zelkova zelkovifolia Oriolo 28 MSF 633. Scale bars 10 mm (a–f, m), 50 mm (g–l). in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome
Text-fig. 6. a: cf. Rubus sp., leaflet Oriolo MSF 676. b, c: cf. Sorbus. b: Oriolo MSF 821. c: MSF 677. d: Spiraea aff. cana Oriolo MSF 944. e: Rhamnus aff. cathartica Oriolo MSF 909. f–l: Ulmus affinis. f: Oriolo MSF 717. g: Oriolo MSF 725. h: Oriolo MSF 724. i: Oriolo MSF 721. j: Oriolo MSF 723. k: Oriolo MSF 637. l: Oriolo MSF 722. m: Zelkova zelkovifolia Oriolo 28 MSF 633. Scale bars 10 mm (a–f, m), 50 mm (g–l).
Text-fig. 4. Original floral picture of locality Líšeň-Neklež drawn by Zlatko Kvaček, scale bars 10 mm. a: Alnus cf. julianiformis (STERNB.) KVAČEK et HOLÝ, MB102; b: Osmunda parschlugiana (UNGER) ANDR., MB81; c: Salvinia reussii ETTINGS., MB86; d: cf. Engelhardia orsbergensis (P.WESSEL et C.O.WEBER) JÄHNICHEN, MAI et H.WALTHER, MB104; e: Laurophyllum sp., MB89a; f:?Polypodiaceae gen. et sp. indet., MB84; g: Ulmus sp., MB105a; h: Ulmus sp., MB106; i: Schoenoplectiella cf. ragozinii (P.I.DOROF.) DOWELD, MB88a; j: Leguminophyllum sp. 1, MB96; k: Salix variansG ÖPP., MB107; l:?Carya sp., MB89b; m: Leguminophyllum sp. 1, MB97; n: Leguminophyllum sp. 1, MB87; o: Podocarpium podocarpum (A.BRAUN) HEREND., MB100; p: "Parrotia" pristina (ETTINGSH.) STUR, MB92. in A New Early Miocene (Ottnangian) Flora Of The "Rzehakia Beds" From Brno-Líšeň
Text-fig. 4. Original floral picture of locality Líšeň-Neklež drawn by Zlatko Kvaček, scale bars 10 mm. a: Alnus cf. julianiformis (STERNB.) KVAČEK et HOLÝ, MB102; b: Osmunda parschlugiana (UNGER) ANDR., MB81; c: Salvinia reussii ETTINGS., MB86; d: cf. Engelhardia orsbergensis (P.WESSEL et C.O.WEBER) JÄHNICHEN, MAI et H.WALTHER, MB104; e: Laurophyllum sp., MB89a; f:?Polypodiaceae gen. et sp. indet., MB84; g: Ulmus sp., MB105a; h: Ulmus sp., MB106; i: Schoenoplectiella cf. ragozinii (P.I.DOROF.) DOWELD, MB88a; j: Leguminophyllum sp. 1, MB96; k: Salix variansG ÖPP., MB107; l:?Carya sp., MB89b; m: Leguminophyllum sp. 1, MB97; n: Leguminophyllum sp. 1, MB87; o: Podocarpium podocarpum (A.BRAUN) HEREND., MB100; p: "Parrotia" pristina (ETTINGSH.) STUR, MB92.
Text-fig. 1. Modern vegetation proxies as delivered by the Drudge 1 and 2 tools for Parschlug. Left column results from KovarEder et al. (2021) based on the floristic spectrum published by Kovar-Eder et al. (2004). The other three columns result from three variants using the enlarged floristic spectrum herein. Differences between variants 1–3 from this study are caused by differences in assignment of some taxa and morphotypes (see Appendix 1). European vegetation formations: Formation C – Subarctic, boreal and nemoral-montane open woodlands as well as subalpine and oro-Mediterranean vegetation; Formation D – Mesophytic and hygromesophytic coniferous and mixed broad-leaved-coniferous forests; Formation F – Mesophytic broadleaved deciduous and mixed broadleaved/conifer forests; Formation G – Thermophilous mixed deciduous broadleaved forests; Formation J – Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests and scrub; Formation K – Xerophytic coniferous forests, coniferous woodland and scrub. East Asian vegetation types: MCF China, Japan – Montane Coniferous Forests China, Honshu, Yakushima; BLDF N and NE Provinces, China – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forests of the Northern and Northeastern Provinces (China); BLDF Upper Yangtze, Honshu – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forest, Upper Yangtze Provinces, Mt. Emei, and Honshu; MMF China – Mixed Mesophytic Forest, Lower Yangtze Provinces; BLEF China, Japan – Broad-leaved Evergreen Forests, China, Japan; Meili Snow Mt. high altitude SCL and BLF, China – Meili Snow Mt., Sclerophyllous and broad-leaved forest zone (2,580-3,650 m alt.). (Designations of European vegetation formations follow Bohn et al. (2004) and Asian ones follow Kovar-Eder et al. (2021). in Floristic, Vegetation And Climate Assessment Of The Early/Middle Miocene Parschlug Flora Indicates A Distinctly Seasonal Climate
Text-fig. 1. Modern vegetation proxies as delivered by the Drudge 1 and 2 tools for Parschlug. Left column results from KovarEder et al. (2021) based on the floristic spectrum published by Kovar-Eder et al. (2004). The other three columns result from three variants using the enlarged floristic spectrum herein. Differences between variants 1–3 from this study are caused by differences in assignment of some taxa and morphotypes (see Appendix 1). European vegetation formations: Formation C – Subarctic, boreal and nemoral-montane open woodlands as well as subalpine and oro-Mediterranean vegetation; Formation D – Mesophytic and hygromesophytic coniferous and mixed broad-leaved-coniferous forests; Formation F – Mesophytic broadleaved deciduous and mixed broadleaved/conifer forests; Formation G – Thermophilous mixed deciduous broadleaved forests; Formation J – Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests and scrub; Formation K – Xerophytic coniferous forests, coniferous woodland and scrub. East Asian vegetation types: MCF China, Japan – Montane Coniferous Forests China, Honshu, Yakushima; BLDF N and NE Provinces, China – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forests of the Northern and Northeastern Provinces (China); BLDF Upper Yangtze, Honshu – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forest, Upper Yangtze Provinces, Mt. Emei, and Honshu; MMF China – Mixed Mesophytic Forest, Lower Yangtze Provinces; BLEF China, Japan – Broad-leaved Evergreen Forests, China, Japan; Meili Snow Mt. high altitude SCL and BLF, China – Meili Snow Mt., Sclerophyllous and broad-leaved forest zone (2,580-3,650 m alt.). (Designations of European vegetation formations follow Bohn et al. (2004) and Asian ones follow Kovar-Eder et al. (2021).
Text-fig. 10. a, b: Carpinus aff. betulus. a: Leaves, Oriolo MSF 640. b: Fruit, Oriolo MSF 985. c–g: Carpinus aff. orientalis. c: Oriolo MSF 895. d: Oriolo MSF 899. e: Oriolo MSF 848. f: Fruit, Oriolo MSF 986. g: Fruit, Oriolo MSF 985. Scale bars 10 mm (a–g). in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome
Text-fig. 10. a, b: Carpinus aff. betulus. a: Leaves, Oriolo MSF 640. b: Fruit, Oriolo MSF 985. c–g: Carpinus aff. orientalis. c: Oriolo MSF 895. d: Oriolo MSF 899. e: Oriolo MSF 848. f: Fruit, Oriolo MSF 986. g: Fruit, Oriolo MSF 985. Scale bars 10 mm (a–g).
Text-fig. 5. a: Gleditsia aff. caspica Oriolo MSF 935. b: Gleditsia caspica modern leaflet (NMNS Cleared Leaf Database specimen T 1484). c: Crataegus aff. monogyna Oriolo MSF 836. d: Mespilus aff. germanica Oriolo MSF 785. e, g, h: Pyracantha aff. coccinea. e: Oriolo MSF 627. g: Oriolo MSF 627. h: Oriolo MSF 684. f: Pyracantha coccinea modern leaf for comparison (NMNH 03695728). i: Pyracantha coccinea modern leaf for comparison (E00408203). j, k: Sorbus aff. domestica. j: Oriolo MSF 636. k: Oriolo MSF 824. Scale bars 10 mm (a–k). in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome
Text-fig. 5. a: Gleditsia aff. caspica Oriolo MSF 935. b: Gleditsia caspica modern leaflet (NMNS Cleared Leaf Database specimen T 1484). c: Crataegus aff. monogyna Oriolo MSF 836. d: Mespilus aff. germanica Oriolo MSF 785. e, g, h: Pyracantha aff. coccinea. e: Oriolo MSF 627. g: Oriolo MSF 627. h: Oriolo MSF 684. f: Pyracantha coccinea modern leaf for comparison (NMNH 03695728). i: Pyracantha coccinea modern leaf for comparison (E00408203). j, k: Sorbus aff. domestica. j: Oriolo MSF 636. k: Oriolo MSF 824. Scale bars 10 mm (a–k).
Text-fig. 2. a, b: Pinus aff. peuce cones. a: Oriolo, MSF 643. b: Tebano, MSF 1021. c: Abies aff. alba cone scale, Oriolo MSF 988. d, e: Tsuga chiarugii cones. d: Oriolo MSF 638. e: Oriolo MSF 979. f, h: Bambusa lugdunensis leaves and leafy axis. f: Oriolo MSF 937. h: Oriolo MSF 651. g: Modern leaf of Yushania for comparison (NMNS Cleared Leaf Database specimen U1347). i: Phragmites sp. Oriolo MSF n.n. Scale bars 50 mm (a, b, h, i), 10 mm (c–g). in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome
Text-fig. 2. a, b: Pinus aff. peuce cones. a: Oriolo, MSF 643. b: Tebano, MSF 1021. c: Abies aff. alba cone scale, Oriolo MSF 988. d, e: Tsuga chiarugii cones. d: Oriolo MSF 638. e: Oriolo MSF 979. f, h: Bambusa lugdunensis leaves and leafy axis. f: Oriolo MSF 937. h: Oriolo MSF 651. g: Modern leaf of Yushania for comparison (NMNS Cleared Leaf Database specimen U1347). i: Phragmites sp. Oriolo MSF n.n. Scale bars 50 mm (a, b, h, i), 10 mm (c–g).
Text-fig. 7. Stereomicroscope microphotographs of plant remains sieved out of a sediment bulk sample (C3X) from bed GLA10 of Govone. a: Tetraclinis salicornioides (UNGER) KVAČEK, shoot fragment, MGPT-PU141083). b: Toddalia latisiliquata (R.LUDW.) H.-J. GREGOR, seed, MGPT-PU141084. c: Toddalia rhenana H.-J.GREGOR, seed, MGPT-PU141085. d: Eurya stigmosa (R.LUDW.) MAI, small seed with piths filled by organic remains and sediment, MGPT-PU141086. e: Eurya stigmosa (R.LUDW.) MAI, fragmentary seed, MGPT-PU141087. f: Visnea germanica MENZEL, fruit from two opposite sides, MGPT-PU141088. g: Symplocos casparyi R.LUDW., endocarp in lateral view from two opposite sides, MGPT-PU141089. Scale bar 1 mm. in Remains Of A Subtropical Humid Forest In A Messinian Evaporitebearing Succession At Govone, Northwestern Italy - Preliminary Results
Text-fig. 7. Stereomicroscope microphotographs of plant remains sieved out of a sediment bulk sample (C3X) from bed GLA10 of Govone. a: Tetraclinis salicornioides (UNGER) KVAČEK, shoot fragment, MGPT-PU141083). b: Toddalia latisiliquata (R.LUDW.) H.-J. GREGOR, seed, MGPT-PU141084. c: Toddalia rhenana H.-J.GREGOR, seed, MGPT-PU141085. d: Eurya stigmosa (R.LUDW.) MAI, small seed with piths filled by organic remains and sediment, MGPT-PU141086. e: Eurya stigmosa (R.LUDW.) MAI, fragmentary seed, MGPT-PU141087. f: Visnea germanica MENZEL, fruit from two opposite sides, MGPT-PU141088. g: Symplocos casparyi R.LUDW., endocarp in lateral view from two opposite sides, MGPT-PU141089. Scale bar 1 mm.
Text-fig. 12. a, b: Salix aff. caprea. a: Oriolo MSF 857. b: Oriolo MSF 860. c, d: Salix aff. alba. c: Oriolo MSF 854. d: Oriolo MSF 854. e, f: Salix aff. viminalis vel eleagnos. e: Oriolo MSF 803. f: Oriolo MSF 801. g: Salix aff. triandra Oriolo MSF 626. h–k: Salix spp. div. indet. h: Oriolo MSF 865. i: Oriolo MSF 807. j: Oriolo MSF 804. k: Oriolo MSF 802. Scale bars 10 mm (a–e, h, i–k), 50 mm (f, g). in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome
Text-fig. 12. a, b: Salix aff. caprea. a: Oriolo MSF 857. b: Oriolo MSF 860. c, d: Salix aff. alba. c: Oriolo MSF 854. d: Oriolo MSF 854. e, f: Salix aff. viminalis vel eleagnos. e: Oriolo MSF 803. f: Oriolo MSF 801. g: Salix aff. triandra Oriolo MSF 626. h–k: Salix spp. div. indet. h: Oriolo MSF 865. i: Oriolo MSF 807. j: Oriolo MSF 804. k: Oriolo MSF 802. Scale bars 10 mm (a–e, h, i–k), 50 mm (f, g).
Text-fig. 6. Transmitted light microphotographs of permineralized wood from Govone. a, b: cf. Cupressinoxylon sp., radial section, MGPT-PU141105, a – nodular end of ray parenchyma (arrow), b – thick and pitted horizontal walls of ray parenchyma (arrow). c–f: Pinaceae gen. et sp. indet., MGPT-PU141107, c – abnormal discoloration due to ecological disruptions (radial section), d – rays up to 10 cells high, uniseriate, partly biseriate (black arrow), intercellular spaces observed (white arrows) (tangential section), e – large, thick-walled axial resin canal with more than 9 epithelial cells observed, axial resin canal diameter>60 Μm (transverse section), f – spiral thickenings due to compression (white arrow) (radial section). in Remains Of A Subtropical Humid Forest In A Messinian Evaporitebearing Succession At Govone, Northwestern Italy - Preliminary Results
Text-fig. 6. Transmitted light microphotographs of permineralized wood from Govone. a, b: cf. Cupressinoxylon sp., radial section, MGPT-PU141105, a – nodular end of ray parenchyma (arrow), b – thick and pitted horizontal walls of ray parenchyma (arrow). c–f: Pinaceae gen. et sp. indet., MGPT-PU141107, c – abnormal discoloration due to ecological disruptions (radial section), d – rays up to 10 cells high, uniseriate, partly biseriate (black arrow), intercellular spaces observed (white arrows) (tangential section), e – large, thick-walled axial resin canal with more than 9 epithelial cells observed, axial resin canal diameter>60 Μm (transverse section), f – spiral thickenings due to compression (white arrow) (radial section).
Text-fig. 8. a–e: Quercus aff. cerris. a: Cup, Oriolo MSF 984. b: Cup, Oriolo MSF 982. c: Leaf, Oriolo MSF 689. d: Leaf, Oriolo MSF 659. e: Oriolo MSF 657. f: Quercus aff. pubescens Oriolo MSF 688. g: Quercus sect. Quercus acorn, Oriolo MSF 658. h–j: Quercus iberica. h: Oriolo MSF 694. i: Oriolo MSF 639. j: Oriolo MSF 698. Scale bars 10 mm (a, b, g), 50 mm (c–f, h–j). in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome
Text-fig. 8. a–e: Quercus aff. cerris. a: Cup, Oriolo MSF 984. b: Cup, Oriolo MSF 982. c: Leaf, Oriolo MSF 689. d: Leaf, Oriolo MSF 659. e: Oriolo MSF 657. f: Quercus aff. pubescens Oriolo MSF 688. g: Quercus sect. Quercus acorn, Oriolo MSF 658. h–j: Quercus iberica. h: Oriolo MSF 694. i: Oriolo MSF 639. j: Oriolo MSF 698. Scale bars 10 mm (a, b, g), 50 mm (c–f, h–j).
Text-fig. 15. a–c: Tilia sp. a: Oriolo MSF 679. b: Oriolo MSF n.n., fruiting bract. c: Oriolo MSF 908. d: Fraxinus aff. angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa Oriolo MSF 782. e–i: Hedera aff. helix. Polymorphic leaves. e: Oriolo MSF 628. f: Oriolo MSF 650. g: Oriolo MSF 797. h: Oriolo MSF 799. i: Oriolo MSF 796. Scale bars 50 mm (a, c–e), 10 mm (b, f–i). in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome
Text-fig. 15. a–c: Tilia sp. a: Oriolo MSF 679. b: Oriolo MSF n.n., fruiting bract. c: Oriolo MSF 908. d: Fraxinus aff. angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa Oriolo MSF 782. e–i: Hedera aff. helix. Polymorphic leaves. e: Oriolo MSF 628. f: Oriolo MSF 650. g: Oriolo MSF 797. h: Oriolo MSF 799. i: Oriolo MSF 796. Scale bars 50 mm (a, c–e), 10 mm (b, f–i).
Text-fig. 11. a, b: Coriaria aff. myrtifolia. a: Oriolo MSF 647. b: Oriolo MSF 704. c, d: Populus aff. alba. c: Oriolo MSF 745. d: Oriolo MSF 725. e: Populus aff. tremula Oriolo MSF 749. f–h: Populus aff. nigra. f: Oriolo MSF 737. g: Oriolo MSF 742. h: Oriolo MSF 738. Scale bars 10 mm (a–d), 50 mm (e–h). in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome
Text-fig. 11. a, b: Coriaria aff. myrtifolia. a: Oriolo MSF 647. b: Oriolo MSF 704. c, d: Populus aff. alba. c: Oriolo MSF 745. d: Oriolo MSF 725. e: Populus aff. tremula Oriolo MSF 749. f–h: Populus aff. nigra. f: Oriolo MSF 737. g: Oriolo MSF 742. h: Oriolo MSF 738. Scale bars 10 mm (a–d), 50 mm (e–h).
Text-fig. 14. a, b: Acer aff. campestre. a: Oriolo MSF 664. b: Oriolo MSF 666. c, d: Acer aff. monspessulanum. c: Oriolo MSF 641. d: Oriolo MSF 662. e: Acer aff. opulus subsp. obtusatum Oriolo MSF 669. f, g: Acer aff. cappadocicum subsp. lobelii. f: Oriolo MSF 675. g: Oriolo MSF 631. h, i: Cornus sp. Oriolo MSF 655, two views of a strongly folded leaf impression. Scale bars 50 mm (a, e–g), 10 mm (b–d, h, i). in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome
Text-fig. 14. a, b: Acer aff. campestre. a: Oriolo MSF 664. b: Oriolo MSF 666. c, d: Acer aff. monspessulanum. c: Oriolo MSF 641. d: Oriolo MSF 662. e: Acer aff. opulus subsp. obtusatum Oriolo MSF 669. f, g: Acer aff. cappadocicum subsp. lobelii. f: Oriolo MSF 675. g: Oriolo MSF 631. h, i: Cornus sp. Oriolo MSF 655, two views of a strongly folded leaf impression. Scale bars 50 mm (a, e–g), 10 mm (b–d, h, i).
Text-fig. 3. Mastixia parva E.REID et M.CHANDLER. a–g: Holotype, V. 22972. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 25, fig. 13 of Reid and Chandler 1933), reflected light. b–g: from micro-CT data. b: Dorsal view of specimen in (a) now suffering from encrustation due to pyrite decay; isosurface rendering. c: Translucent volume rendering, dorsal view showing two limbs of the locule and longitudinal groove. d–g: Digital transverse sections at various positions showing c-shaped locule, longitudinal dorsal infold, endocarp wall, and degradational cracks. h, i: V. 22983(1). h: Dorsal view showing longitudinal infold. i: Physical transverse section showing c-shaped locule and longitudinal dorsal infold. Scale bars 5 mm in (a–h), applies also to (b–g), 2 mm in (i). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision
Text-fig. 3. Mastixia parva E.REID et M.CHANDLER. a–g: Holotype, V. 22972. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 25, fig. 13 of Reid and Chandler 1933), reflected light. b–g: from micro-CT data. b: Dorsal view of specimen in (a) now suffering from encrustation due to pyrite decay; isosurface rendering. c: Translucent volume rendering, dorsal view showing two limbs of the locule and longitudinal groove. d–g: Digital transverse sections at various positions showing c-shaped locule, longitudinal dorsal infold, endocarp wall, and degradational cracks. h, i: V. 22983(1). h: Dorsal view showing longitudinal infold. i: Physical transverse section showing c-shaped locule and longitudinal dorsal infold. Scale bars 5 mm in (a–h), applies also to (b–g), 2 mm in (i).
Text-fig. A2. a: Ulmus carpinifolia GLED., 1773 syn. of Ulmus minor MILL., 1768, (herbarium E00824885). b: Ulmus carpinifolia GLED., 1773 syn. of Ulmus minor MILL., 1768, (herbarium E00824885). c: Ulmus carpinifolia GLED., 1773 syn. of Ulmus minor MILL., 1768, (herbarium E00824885 detail of (a)). d, e: Ulmus elliptica K.KOCH, 1849 (herbarium E00034393). f, g: Ulmus lancifolia ROXB., 1814, nom. inval. (herbarium NMNH03413489). h: Ulmus lancifolia ROXB., 1814, nom. inval. (herbarium NMNH03413488). Asterisks indicate different types of asymmetric leaf base. Scale bars 50 mm (a, d, e, f), 10 mm (b, c, g, h). in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome
Text-fig. A2. a: Ulmus carpinifolia GLED., 1773 syn. of Ulmus minor MILL., 1768, (herbarium E00824885). b: Ulmus carpinifolia GLED., 1773 syn. of Ulmus minor MILL., 1768, (herbarium E00824885). c: Ulmus carpinifolia GLED., 1773 syn. of Ulmus minor MILL., 1768, (herbarium E00824885 detail of (a)). d, e: Ulmus elliptica K.KOCH, 1849 (herbarium E00034393). f, g: Ulmus lancifolia ROXB., 1814, nom. inval. (herbarium NMNH03413489). h: Ulmus lancifolia ROXB., 1814, nom. inval. (herbarium NMNH03413488). Asterisks indicate different types of asymmetric leaf base. Scale bars 50 mm (a, d, e, f), 10 mm (b, c, g, h).
Text-fig. A3. a: Leaf morphotype 1 Tebano MSF SG 049. b: Leaf morphotype 2 Oriolo MSF 631. c: Leaf morphotype 3 Oriolo MSF n.n. d, f: Leaf morphotype 4. d: Oriolo MSF 891. e: Oriolo MSF 856. f: Oriolo MSF 858. g: Leaf morphotype 5 Oriolo MSF 783. h: Leaf morphotype 6 Oriolo MSF 952. i: Leaf morphotype 7 Oriolo MSF 862. j, l: Leaf morphotype 8. j: Oriolo MSF 912. k: Oriolo MSF 662. l: Oriolo MSF 662-1. m: Leaf morphotype 9 Oriolo MSF 715. n: Leaf morphotype 10 Oriolo MSF 716. o: Leaf morphotype 11, overview and detail of margin Oriolo MSF 880. p–z: Various rosaceous leaves/ leaflets. p: Oriolo MSF 943. q: Oriolo MSF 890. r: Oriolo MSF 950. s: Oriolo MSF 958. t: Oriolo MSF 966 aff. Sorbus. u: Oriolo MSF 956. v: Oriolo MSF 961. w: Oriolo MSF 962. x: Oriolo MSF 874. y: Oriolo MSF 883. z: Oriolo MSF 960. in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome
Text-fig. A3. a: Leaf morphotype 1 Tebano MSF SG 049. b: Leaf morphotype 2 Oriolo MSF 631. c: Leaf morphotype 3 Oriolo MSF n.n. d, f: Leaf morphotype 4. d: Oriolo MSF 891. e: Oriolo MSF 856. f: Oriolo MSF 858. g: Leaf morphotype 5 Oriolo MSF 783. h: Leaf morphotype 6 Oriolo MSF 952. i: Leaf morphotype 7 Oriolo MSF 862. j, l: Leaf morphotype 8. j: Oriolo MSF 912. k: Oriolo MSF 662. l: Oriolo MSF 662-1. m: Leaf morphotype 9 Oriolo MSF 715. n: Leaf morphotype 10 Oriolo MSF 716. o: Leaf morphotype 11, overview and detail of margin Oriolo MSF 880. p–z: Various rosaceous leaves/ leaflets. p: Oriolo MSF 943. q: Oriolo MSF 890. r: Oriolo MSF 950. s: Oriolo MSF 958. t: Oriolo MSF 966 aff. Sorbus. u: Oriolo MSF 956. v: Oriolo MSF 961. w: Oriolo MSF 962. x: Oriolo MSF 874. y: Oriolo MSF 883. z: Oriolo MSF 960.
Text-fig. 4: Pterigophycos sp., details of specimen in Text-fig. 3a. a: Blades B5–7; b: Close-up of (a), focusing on attachment of small blades B5–7 to holdfast structure; c: Detail of holdfast with several linear elements extending from proximal portion; d: Detail of blade B2, showing midrib and spathulate lamina segments; e: Detail of blade B1, showing lowermost, smallest lamina segments; f: tiny bivalve shell on stipe of blade B1, scale bar = 5 mm; g: Detail of blade B2, showing proximal beginning of lamina segmentation. Scale bars = 1 cm unless otherwise stated. in A Whole-Plant Specimen Of The Marine Macroalga Pterigophycos From The Eocene Of Bolca (Veneto, N-Italy)
Text-fig. 4: Pterigophycos sp., details of specimen in Text-fig. 3a. a: Blades B5–7; b: Close-up of (a), focusing on attachment of small blades B5–7 to holdfast structure; c: Detail of holdfast with several linear elements extending from proximal portion; d: Detail of blade B2, showing midrib and spathulate lamina segments; e: Detail of blade B1, showing lowermost, smallest lamina segments; f: tiny bivalve shell on stipe of blade B1, scale bar = 5 mm; g: Detail of blade B2, showing proximal beginning of lamina segmentation. Scale bars = 1 cm unless otherwise stated.
Text-fig. 3. a: Pterigophycos sp., whole-plant specimen, coll. No. 22.116, larger blades denoted B1–4 (for details, see text), scale bar = 2 cm; b: Close-up of blades B1 and B2, which resemble P. spectabilis A.MASSAL. and P. canossae A.MASSAL., respectively; c: Closeup of blade B3 resembling P. canossae; d: Close-up of blade B4 resembling P. gazolanus A.MASSAL. or Laminarites irideaephyllus A.MASSAL. Scale bars = 1 cm unless otherwise stated. in A Whole-Plant Specimen Of The Marine Macroalga Pterigophycos From The Eocene Of Bolca (Veneto, N-Italy)
Text-fig. 3. a: Pterigophycos sp., whole-plant specimen, coll. No. 22.116, larger blades denoted B1–4 (for details, see text), scale bar = 2 cm; b: Close-up of blades B1 and B2, which resemble P. spectabilis A.MASSAL. and P. canossae A.MASSAL., respectively; c: Closeup of blade B3 resembling P. canossae; d: Close-up of blade B4 resembling P. gazolanus A.MASSAL. or Laminarites irideaephyllus A.MASSAL. Scale bars = 1 cm unless otherwise stated.
Text-fig. 1. Massalongo's original specimens. a: Laminarites irideaephyllus A.MASSAL.; b: Pterigophycos gazolanus A.MASSAL.; c: Pterigophycos canossae A.MASSAL.; d: Pterigophycos spectabilis A.MASSAL. Reproduced from Massalongo (1858: pls 15–17). Scale bars = 1 cm. in A Whole-Plant Specimen Of The Marine Macroalga Pterigophycos From The Eocene Of Bolca (Veneto, N-Italy)
Text-fig. 1. Massalongo's original specimens. a: Laminarites irideaephyllus A.MASSAL.; b: Pterigophycos gazolanus A.MASSAL.; c: Pterigophycos canossae A.MASSAL.; d: Pterigophycos spectabilis A.MASSAL. Reproduced from Massalongo (1858: pls 15–17). Scale bars = 1 cm.
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