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Data from: Bayesian analysis of hybridization and introgression between the endangered european mink (Mustela lutreola) and the polecat (Mustela putorius)
Human-mediated global change will probably increase the rates of natural hybridization and genetic introgression between closely related species, and this will have major implications for conservation of the taxa involved. In this study, we analyse both mitochondrial and nuclear data to characterize ongoing hybridization and genetic introgression between two sympatric sister species of mustelids, the endangered European mink (Mustela lutreola) and the more abundant polecat (M. putorius). A total of 317 European mink, 114 polecats and 15 putative hybrid individuals were collected from different localities in Europe and genotyped with 13 microsatellite nuclear markers. Recently developed Bayesian methods for assigning individuals to populations and identifying admixture proportions were applied to the genetic data. To identify the direction of hybridization, we additionally sequenced mtDNA and Y chromosomes from 78 individuals and 29 males respectively. We found that both hybridization and genetic introgression occurred at low levels (3% and 0.9% respectively) and indicated that hybridization is asymmetric, as only pure polecat males mate with pure European mink females. Furthermore, backcrossing and genetic introgression was detected only from female first-generation (F1) hybrids of European mink to polecats. This latter result implies that Haldane's rule may apply. Our results suggest that hybridization and genetic introgression between the two species should be considered a rather uncommon event. However, the current low densities of European mink might be changing this trend.
Data from: Molecular phylogeny, revised higher classification, and implications for conservation of endangered Hawaiian leaf-mining moths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Philodoria)
The leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is composed of 30 described species, all of which are endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Philodoria is known to feed on 10 families of endemic Hawaiian host plants, with several species recorded only from threatened or endangered hosts. Beyond their dependence on these plants, little is known of their evolutionary history and conservation status. We constructed a molecular phylogeny of Philodoria to assess validity of its current subgeneric classification and to help guide future work on this threatened Hawaiian lineage. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences from three genes (CO1, CAD, EF-1α) combining for a total of 2,041 base pairs, were collected from 11 Philodoria species, incorporating taxa from both currently recognized subgenera. These data were analyzed using both parsimony and model-based phylogenetic approaches. Contrary to the most recent systematic treatment of Philodoria, our results indicate strongly that the two currently recognized Philodoria subgenera are not monophyletic and that morphological characters used to classify them are homoplasious. Based on our robust results, we revised the higher classification of Philodoria: the subgenus Eophilodoria Zimmerman, 1978 is established as subjective junior synonym of Philodoria Walsingham, 1907. We also present new host plant and distribution data and discuss host range of Philodoria as it pertains to endangered Hawaiian plants.
FIGURE 4 in Eugenia alletiana (Myrtaceae), a new critically endangered species endemic to the island of Mauritius
FIGURE 4. Distribution of the new species Eugenia alletiana on Mauritius. Each point is 1 km across.
FIGURE 3. A in Eugenia alletiana (Myrtaceae), a new critically endangered species endemic to the island of Mauritius
FIGURE 3. A. Foliage with unripe fruits; B. Ripe fruit; C. Variation in external surface of the woody endocarp (all from a single plant); D. Longitudinal cross-section of the endocarp; E. Seed, showing bullate outer surface on the left and smooth adaxial surface of cotyledon on the right (dark brown); F. Seedling still attached to endocarp (A-Le Pouce, others Brise Fer).
FIGURE 2. A in Eugenia alletiana (Myrtaceae), a new critically endangered species endemic to the island of Mauritius
FIGURE 2. A. Flower bud showing fused apex; B. Flower bud showing teeth (bottom left); C. Flower with irregularly ruptured hypanthium lobes (5 lobes on the left, 4 lobes on the right). D. Stamens distribution on the inner surface of a split hypanthium; E. Side view of flower showing diminutive white petals at ends of split hypanthium lobes; F. Detail of stamens and a petal (all Brise Fer).
FIGURE 1. A in Eugenia alletiana (Myrtaceae), a new critically endangered species endemic to the island of Mauritius
FIGURE 1. A. Tree; B–C. Bark; D. Leaf, adaxial surface; E. Leaf, abaxial leaf; F. Foliage with flower buds; G. Flower bud (A–C Le Pouce, others Brise Fer).
Data from: Survival strategy of the endangered tree Acer catalpifolium Rehd., based on 13C fractionation
<p>We conducted a field investigation and evaluation of 13C natural abundance to determine the growth habit and propagation strategy of Acer catalpifolium Rehd., a tree species native to China that is highly endangered. The results showed that A. catalpifolium is a K-selected strategist and pioneer species. Its narrow ecological range limits its geographical distribution, and poor fecundity limits its population size. The analysis of 13C natural abundance showed that A. catalpifolium does not use organic matter for reproduction when its stand volume is less than 1.08×106 cm3 or it is less than 18.6 m tall, but it does use this strategy when it has a sufficient 1.08×106 cm3 stand volume or more or is taller than 18.6 m. If environmental conditions are not conducive (e.g., severe human disturbance, cliff edges, or fierce interspecific competition) to the continued growth of the tree, A. catalpifolium may allocate organic matter for reproduction. Human disturbance seems to promote the population expansion of A. catalpifolium. We provide our suggestions for the promotion and protection of A. catalpifolium as a species.</p>
FIGURE 1 in A new endangered species of Chusquea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from the Acatlán volcano in central Veracruz, Mexico, and keys to the Mexican Chusquea species
FIGURE 1. Chusquea enigmatica. Complete plant with leptomorph rhizomes (right, vertical orientation). Based on E. Ruiz-Sanchez & T.M. Mejía-Saulés 434a. Drawn by Edmundo Saavedra.
FIGURE 2. Chusquea enigmatica. A in A new endangered species of Chusquea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from the Acatlán volcano in central Veracruz, Mexico, and keys to the Mexican Chusquea species
FIGURE 2. Chusquea enigmatica. A. Part of leptomorph rhizome, shown with vertical orientation. B. Culm fragment showing intravaginal branch pattern and culm leaves. C. Culm fragment showing extravaginal branch pattern, complete culm leaves with erect blade and development of a new branch. D. Nodal section of the culm, showing bud complement, with one main central bud and two subsidiary smaller buds. E. Culm fragment, showing two nodal regions with well development branches. F. Foliage leaf complement, showing inner ligule and finely serrulate margins. Based on E. Ruiz-Sanchez & T.M. Mejía-Saulés 434a. Drawn by Edmundo Saavedra.
FIGURE 3 in A new endangered species of Chusquea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from the Acatlán volcano in central Veracruz, Mexico, and keys to the Mexican Chusquea species
FIGURE 3. Habitat and plants of Chusquea enigmatica. A. Acatlán volcano, black arrow indicates the location of C. enigmatica in Fagus grandifolia dominated Neotropical cloud forests. B. Plants of C. enigmatica in the understory of Fagus grandifolia. C. Small patch of C. enigmatica showing erect habit. D. Foliage leaf complement abaxial view, showing six foliage leaves. E. Leptomorph rhizome. F. Bud complement, showing one triangular central bud and two smaller subsidiary buds. G. Branches, showing three branches per node. H. Extravaginal branch pattern. I. Culm leaves and intravaginal branch pattern. Clb = culm leaf erect blade, Ibp = intravaginal branch pattern. Photos by E. Ruiz-Sanchez.
FIGURE 1. Field pictures. A. Climbing a in First record of the critically endangered Hydrangea steyermarkii Standl. (Hydrangeaceae) in Mexico, and description of a new widespread Hydrangea species of Mesoamerica
FIGURE 1. Field pictures. A. Climbing a Hydrangea host tree with specific equipment (Tapalapa, Chiapas, Mexico). B. Branch of Hydrangea albostellata with four inflorescences, all inflorescence bracts already shed in lower right one where the flower buds are visible, lower left inflorescence partially opened, apical inflorescences still covered by all inflorescence bracts (M.S. Samain & E. Martínez S. 2012-090).
FIGURE 4. Hydrangea albostellata. A in First record of the critically endangered Hydrangea steyermarkii Standl. (Hydrangeaceae) in Mexico, and description of a new widespread Hydrangea species of Mesoamerica
FIGURE 4. Hydrangea albostellata. A. Habitus of branch with inflorescences in different developmental stages (inflorescence buds, inflorescence with flower buds and infructescence). B. Enlarged marginal flower with two pistils with fertile stigmas. C. Functionally male flower with 8 fertile stamens and 2 reduced pistils. D. Maturing capsule, fertile stigmas still visible, seeds are released through the opening between the 2 pistils. E. Detail of abaxial leaf surface with stellate indument. Drawn by Ramiro Cruz Durán from the holotype M.S. Samain et al. 2012-023 (MEXU; A, B), and from the specimens M.S. Samain et al. 2012-021 (MEXU; A, D, E) and M.S. Samain & E. Martínez S. 2012-088 (MEXU; C).
FIGURE 3 in First record of the critically endangered Hydrangea steyermarkii Standl. (Hydrangeaceae) in Mexico, and description of a new widespread Hydrangea species of Mesoamerica
FIGURE 3. SEM pictures of flowers of Hydrangea albostellata (A–D; A, C, M.S. Samain et al. 2012-023. B, D–E: M.S. Samain & E. Martínez S. 2012-088) and Hydrangea steyermarkii (E–F, M.S. Samain et al. 2012-078). A. Central parts of marginal female flower, with two large pistils and 3 small stamens visible. B. Flower bud of male flower; note the campanulate hypanthium and the valvate petals. C. Mature fruit opened between the pistils to release the seeds. D. Male flower; note the extreme difference in size between the long stamens and the diminute pistils. E. Lateral view of male flower. F. Apical view of male flower.
FIGURE 2. Field pictures. A–B in First record of the critically endangered Hydrangea steyermarkii Standl. (Hydrangeaceae) in Mexico, and description of a new widespread Hydrangea species of Mesoamerica
FIGURE 2. Field pictures. A–B, Hydrangea albostellata, C–D, Hydrangea steyermarkii (M.S. Samain et al. 2012-010). A. Branch with one mature green inflorescence with old male flowers and inflorescence axes with the basal lignified parts of inflorescences of previous years (M.S. Samain et al. 2012-005). B. Abaxial leaf side with dense pubescence consisting of whitish stellate hairs, note the typical spoon-shape and broadly revolute margin (M.S. Samain & E. Martínez S. 2012-090). C. Young branch, many-ribbed, with typical brownish-reddish cortex which contracts and forms corchy patches. D. Abaxial side of young leaf with whitish stellate indument, the leaf surface typically red-brown, the margin crenate with the marked bright green glandular teeth.
FIGURE 5. Hydrangea steyermarkii. A in First record of the critically endangered Hydrangea steyermarkii Standl. (Hydrangeaceae) in Mexico, and description of a new widespread Hydrangea species of Mesoamerica
FIGURE 5. Hydrangea steyermarkii. A. Habitus of branch with inflorescences. B. Functionally male flower with 8 fertile stamens and 2 reduced pistils. C. Maturing capsule, fertile stigmas still visible, seeds are released through the opening between the 2 pistils. D. Inflorescence branch with inflorescence bud, inflorescence bracts and leaf pair visible. E. Detail of inflorescence branch with stellate indument. Drawn by Ramiro Cruz Durán from the specimen M.S. Samain et al. 2012-078 (MEXU; A, B, D, E), and from the holotype J.A. Steyermark 36044 (F; C).
FIGURE 2 in Rinorea calcicola (Violaceae), an endangered new species from south-eastern Gabon
FIGURE 2. Distribution of Rinorea calcicola (red dots) including outlines of the National Parks in Gabon.
FIGURE 1. Rinorea calcicola. A. Flowering branch. B in Rinorea calcicola (Violaceae), an endangered new species from south-eastern Gabon
FIGURE 1. Rinorea calcicola. A. Flowering branch. B. Detail of leaf margin with teeth. C. Detail of leaf insertion with axillary bud and stipule. D. Detail of midrib area of the leaf blade from above. E. Detail of the midrib area of the leaf blade from below. F. Crosssection of leaf around the midrib G. Budscale/reduced leaf with 2 stipules at base of inflorescence. H. Bract at top of inflorescence. I. Flower. J. Sepal from outside. K. Petals from inside, most left is posterior petal, from there clockwise the other 4. L. Detail of apex of posterior petal, side view. M. Androecium from the adaxial side. N. Androecium from the abaxial side. O. Androecium from outside. P. Androecium from inside. Q. Ovary and style. R. Fruit, side view. S. Seed. A–Q based on Breteler & de Wilde 785 (WAG); R–S based on Wieringa et al. 5991 (WAG). Illustrator: Hans de Vries.
FIGURE 3 in A critically endangered new species of Comanthera from Bahia, Brazil (Paepalanthoideae, Eriocaulaceae)
FIGURE 3. Map showing the occurrence point of Comanthera pignalii, provided by CNCFlora following the standards described in Martinelli & Moraes (2013).
FIGURE 2. Comanthera pignalii. A in A critically endangered new species of Comanthera from Bahia, Brazil (Paepalanthoideae, Eriocaulaceae)
FIGURE 2. Comanthera pignalii. A. Rosette of leaves, spathes and base of scapes, showing their whitish appearence due to the white lanose indument. B. Abaxial view ot the capitulum, with evenly cream involucral bracts. C. Young capitulum. D. Capitulum with the first staminate flowers at anthesis. E. Capitulum with developed fruits and dispersing seeds, which are visible amongst the mascescent pistillate flowers. F. Habit and habitat. G. Areia Branca, the white-sand site where C. pignalii occurs, near the town of Jacaraci, and the Serra Geral at the background. (Photos: L. Echternacht)
FIGURE 1. Comanthera pignalii. A. Habit. B in A critically endangered new species of Comanthera from Bahia, Brazil (Paepalanthoideae, Eriocaulaceae)
FIGURE 1. Comanthera pignalii. A. Habit. B. Scape and spathe, showing the lanose indument. C. Capitulum with flowers in early anthesis. D. External involucral bract. E. Internal involucral bract. F. Staminate flower. G. Staminate flower without pedicel and sepals. H. Pistillate flower. I. Gynoecium. Scale bar: A, 3 cm; B, D–I, 1 mm; C, 3 mm. (Drawn from the holotype by L. Echternacht)
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.