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7,327 results for “Pathway”
Data from: Evolutionary routes to biochemical innovation revealed by integrative analysis of a plant-defense related specialized metabolic pathway
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Data from: High-resolution chemical dissection of a model eukaryote reveals targets, pathways and gene functions
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Alternative pathways to diversity across ecologically distinct lizard radiations
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Cortical astrocytes independently regulate sleep depth and duration via separate GPCR pathways
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Pathways to care and preferences for improving tuberculosis services among tuberculosis patients in Zambia
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How to open up my journal - Pathways into open access
<p>This decision tree helps you to choose the right path for the open access transformation of your society journal. Together with your publishing partners you can discuss the optimal business model. A selection can be found at the end.</p>
Data from: Live, dead, and fossil mollusks in Florida freshwater springs and spring-fed rivers: taphonomic pathways and the formation of multi-sourced, time-averaged death assemblages
Taphonomic processes are informative about the magnitude and timing of paleoecological changes but remain poorly understood with respect to freshwater invertebrates in spring-fed rivers and streams. We compared taphonomic alteration among freshwater gastropods in live, dead (surficial shell accumulations), and fossil (late Pleistocene-early Holocene in situ sediments) assemblages from two Florida spring-fed systems, the Wakulla and Silver/Ocklawaha Rivers. We assessed taphonomy of two gastropod species: the native <i>Elimia floridensis</i> (n=2504) and introduced <i>Melanoides tuberculata</i> (n=168). We quantified seven taphonomic attributes (aperture condition, color, fragmentation, abrasion, juvenile spire condition, dissolution, and exterior luster) and combined those attributes into a total taphonomic score (TT). Fossil <i>E. floridensis</i> specimens exhibited the greatest degradation (highest TT scores), whereas live specimens of both species were least degraded. Specimens of <i>E. floridensis</i> from death assemblages were less altered than fossil specimens of the same species. Within death assemblages, specimens of <i>M. tuberculata</i> were significantly less altered than specimens of <i>E. floridensis</i>, but highly degraded specimens dominated in both species. Radiocarbon dates on fossils clustered between 9792 and 7087 cal. BP, whereas death assemblage ages ranged from 10,692 to 1173 cal. BP. Possible explanations for the observed taphonomic patterns include: (1) rapid taphonomic shell alteration, (2) prolonged near-surface exposure to moderate alteration rates, and/or (3) introduction of reworked fossil shells into surficial assemblages. Combined radiocarbon dates and taphonomic analyses suggest that all these processes may have played a role in death assemblage formation. In these fluvial settings, shell accumulations develop as a complex mixture of specimens derived from multiple sources and characterized by multi-millennial time averaging. These findings suggest that, when available, fossil assemblages may be more appropriate than death assemblages for assessing pre-industrial faunal associations and recent anthropogenic changes in freshwater ecosystems.
Data for "Cold surge pathways in East Asia and their tropical impacts"
<p>This repository archives codes for analysis and plot presented in a manuscript submitted to Journal of Climate: "Cold surge pathways in East Asia and their tropical impacts". The codes are written in GrADS and Octave format. </p> <p>The repository also includes a Fortran package for isentropic polar cold air mass diagnosis as in Iwasaki et al. (2014). The package was specifically created by Dr. Y. Kanno.</p>
Data from: Impact of a novel community testing pathway for people with suspected COVID-19 in Wales: a cost-minimisation analysis
<p><b>Objective: </b>To compare NHS organisations testing pathways for patients with suspected COVID-19 in the community versus standard hospital testing practices</p> <p><b>Perspective</b>: NHS commissioners and services</p> <p><b>Methods</b>: During the containment phase of the Covid-19 pandemic we developed a community model pathway for Covid-19 testing in Wales with testing teams undertaking swabbing for Covid-19 in individuals usual place of residence. We undertook a cost-minimisation analysis comparing the costs to the NHS in Wales of community testing for COVID-19 versus standard hospital testing practices and ambulance conveyancing. We analysed data from patients with suspected COVID-19 between January and February 2020 and applied assumptions of costs from national contractual and reference costs for ambulances, staffing and transportation with market costs at the time of publication.</p> <p><b>Results</b>: 177 patients with suspected COVID-19 underwent community testing via local NHS organisations between January and February 2020 with a mean age of 46.1 (IQR 27.5-56.3). This was 92% of total patients who were tested for Covid-19 during this period. We estimate, compared to standard hospital testing practices cash savings in improved productivity for the NHS of £152,190 during this time period, in addition to further non-monetised benefits for hospital and ambulance flow.</p> <p><b>Conclusions</b>: Community testing for COVID-19 in Wales is now an established pathway and continues to bring benefits for patients, local healthcare organisations and the NHS. Further application of this model in other settings and to other infectious diseases may herald promising returns.</p>
Phylogenomic analysis sheds light on the evolutionary pathways towards acoustic communication in Orthoptera
<p>Acoustic communication is enabled by the evolution of specialised hearing and sound producing organs. In this study, we performed a large-scale macroevolutionary study to understand how both hearing and sound production evolved and affected diversification in the insect order Orthoptera, which includes many familiar singing insects, such as crickets, katydids, and grasshoppers. Using phylogenomic data, we firmly establish phylogenetic relationships among the major lineages and divergence time estimates within Orthoptera, as well as the lineage-specific and dynamic patterns of evolution for hearing and sound producing organs. In the suborder Ensifera, we infer that forewing-based stridulation and tibial tympanal ears co-evolved, but in the suborder Caelifera, abdominal tympanal ears first evolved in a non-sexual context, and later co-opted for sexual signalling when sound producing organs evolved. However, we find little evidence that the evolution of hearing and sound producing organs increased diversification rates in those lineages with known acoustic communication.</p>
Supplementary Materials for Digenic Variants in the FGF21 Signaling Pathway Associated with Severe Insulin Resistance and Pseudoacromegaly
<p>Supplementary Materials for Digenic Variants in the FGF21 Signaling Pathway Associated with Severe Insulin Resistance and Pseudoacromegaly. This includes additional photographs of the proband and family, bone age x-ray, smell identification testing, ERK phosphorylation in HeLa Cells, Candidate genes from research exome, and full plasmid sequences used in the study.</p>
Pathways linking female personality with reproductive success are trait and year-specific
<p>Personality (i.e. among-individual variation in average behavior) often covaries with fitness, but how such personality-fitness relationships come about is poorly understood. Here, we explore potential mechanisms by which two female personality traits (female-female aggression and female nest defense as manifested by hissing behavior) were linked with annual reproductive success in a population of great tits (<i>Parus major</i>), a socially monogamous species with biparental care. We hypothesized that personality-related differences in reproductive success result from variation in reproductive decision (lay date, brood size) and/or parental provisioning rates. Relative support for these mechanisms was evaluated using path-analysis on data collected in two successive years. We reveal that larger broods were provisioned at a higher rate by both parents and that female, but not male, provisioning rate was involved in the trade-off between offspring number (brood size) and fledgling mass. Among-individual variation in female aggression, via its association with female provisioning rate, was negatively linked to fledgling mass (i.e. indirect effect), yet only in one of the study years. Male provisioning rate did not influence these relationships. In contrast, among-individual variation in hissing behavior was directly and negatively linked with fledgling mass in both years, via an underlying mechanism that remains to be identified (i.e. direct effect). Together, our findings emphasize that personality-fitness relationships may come about via different mechanisms across personality traits and/or years, thereby illustrating additional complexity in how selection might act on and maintain among-individual variation in behavioral phenotypes in the wild.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Pergl J, Brundu G, Harrower CA, Cardoso AC, Genovesi P, Katsanevakis S, Lozano V, Perglová I, Rabitsch W, Richards G, Roques A, Rorke SL, Scalera R, Schönrogge K, Stewart A, Tricarico E, Tsiamis K, Vannini A, Vilà M, Zenetos A, Roy HE (2020) Applying the Convention on Biological Diversity Pathway Classification to alien species in Europe. In: Wilson JR, Bacher S, Daehler CC, Groom QJ, Kumschick S, Lockwood JL, Robinson TB, Zengeya TA, Richardson DM. NeoBiota 62: 333-363. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.62.53796
Table S1
Supplementary material 1 from: Faulkner KT, Hulme PE, Pagad S, Wilson JRU, Robertson MP (2020) Classifying the introduction pathways of alien species: are we moving in the right direction? In: Wilson JR, Bacher S, Daehler CC, Groom QJ, Kumschick S, Lockwood JL, Robinson TB, Zengeya TA, Richardson DM. NeoBiota 62: 143-159. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.62.53543
Evidence used to assess the introduction pathway classification frameworks
Pathway simulation runs for manuscript "To and beyond the 2030 Agenda: systems change for accelerating sustainability progress"
<p>Files contains the simulation runs generated by the source code from 'https://github.com/enayatmoallemi/Moallemi_et_al_SDG_SSP_Assessment'.</p> <p>Files '<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/340806c1-e040-4036-bcbf-09d44c7f6f29/SDG_experiments_sc1000.tar.gz">SDG_experiments_sc250.tar.gz</a>' to '<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/340806c1-e040-4036-bcbf-09d44c7f6f29/SDG_experiments_sc1000.tar.gz">SDG_experiments_sc5000.tar.gz</a> include sensitivity analysis experiments (for different sample sizes from 250 to 5000) .</p> <p><br> Files '<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/340806c1-e040-4036-bcbf-09d44c7f6f29/SDG_SSP5-85_exploration_sc10000.tar.gz">SDG_SSP1-26_exploration_sc10000.tar.gz</a>' to '<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/340806c1-e040-4036-bcbf-09d44c7f6f29/SDG_SSP5-85_exploration_sc10000.tar.gz">SDG_SSP5-85_exploration_sc10000.tar.gz</a>' include exploratory analysis experiments of the five SSP-RCP combinations over time.</p>
Raw data and Figures for the article "Strain Wave Pathway to Semiconductor-to-Metal Transition Revealed by Time Resolved X-ray Powder Diffraction"
<p>- Raw data from Jungfrau Integrating pixel detector (together with azimuthally averaged curves)</p> <p>- Script to create time resolved data from raw data</p> <p>- Scripts to generates main figures of the article.</p>
RNA-seq data from TAS4464, a NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor, activates both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways via c-Myc-mediated regulation in acute myeloid leukemia
<p class="BDAbstract"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>TAS4464, a potent, selective small molecule NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor, leads to inactivation of cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) and consequent accumulations of its substrate proteins. Here, we investigated the antitumor properties and action mechanism of TAS4464 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). TAS4464 induced apoptotic cell death in various AML cell lines. TAS4464 treatments resulted in the activation of both the caspase-9-mediated in intrinsic apoptotic pathway and caspase-8-mediated extrinsic apoptotic pathway in AML cells; combined treatment with inhibitors of these caspases markedly diminished TAS4464 induced apoptosis. In each apoptotic pathway, TAS4464 induced the mRNA transcription of the intrinsic proapoptotic factor NOXA and decreased that of the extrinsic antiapoptotic factor c-FLIP. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that the signaling pathway of the CRL substrate c-Myc was enriched after TAS4464 treatment. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay revealed that TAS4464 induced c-Myc bound to the <i>PMAIP1</i> (encoding NOXA) and <i>CFLAR</i> (encoding c-FLIP) promoter regions, and siRNA-mediated c-Myc knockdown neutralized both TAS4464-mediated NOXA induction and c-FLIP downregulation. TAS4464 activated both caspase-8 and caspase-9 along with an increase in NOXA and a decrease in c-FLIP, resulting in complete tumor remission in a human AML xenograft model. These findings suggest that NAE inhibition leads to anti-AML activity via a novel c-Myc-dependent apoptosis induction mechanism.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Perceptual correlates of homosynaptic long term potentiation in human nociceptive pathways: a replication study
<p>Animal studies have shown that high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of peripheral C-fibers induces long-term potentiation (LTP) within spinal nociceptive pathways. The aim of this replication study was to assess if a perceptual correlate of LTP can be observed in humans. In 20 healthy volunteers we applied HFS to the left or right volar forearm. Before and after applying HFS we delivered single electrical test stimuli through the HFS electrode while a second electrode at the contralateral arm served as control condition. Moreover, to test the efficacy of the HFS protocol we quantified changes in mechanical pinprick sensitivity before and after HFS of the skin surrounding both electrodes. The perceived intensity was collected for both electrical and mechanical stimuli. After HFS, the perceived pain intensity elicited by the mechanical pinprick stimuli applied on the skin surrounding the HFS-treated site was significantly higher compared to control site (heterotopic effect). Furthermore, we found a higher perceived pain intensity for single electrical stimuli delivered to the HFS-treated site compared to the control site (homotopic effect). Whether the homotopic effect reflects a perceptual correlate of homosynaptic LTP remains to be elucidated.</p>
Supplementary material 3 from: McGrannachan CM, Pagad S, McGeoch MA (2021) A multiregional assessment of transnational pathways of introduction. NeoBiota 64: 43-67. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.64.60642
Table S1. List of 101 countries used in the analysis of introduction pathway trends
Data from: Exogenous restoration of TUSC2 expression induces responsiveness to erlotinib in wildtype epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) lung cancer cells through context specific pathways resulting in enhanced therapeutic efficacy
Expression of the tumor suppressor gene TUSC2 is reduced or absent in most lung cancers and is associated with worse overall survival. In this study, we restored TUSC2 gene expression in several wild type EGFR non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines resistant to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib and analyzed their sensitivity to erlotinib in vitro and in vivo. A significant inhibition of cell growth and colony formation was observed with TUSC2 transient and stable expression. TUSC2-erlotinib cooperativity in vitro could be reproduced in vivo in subcutaneous tumor growth and lung metastasis formation lung cancer xenograft mouse models. Combination treatment with intravenous TUSC2 nanovesicles and erlotinib synergistically inhibited tumor growth and metastasis, and increased apoptotic activity. High-throughput qRT-PCR array analysis enabling multi-parallel expression profile analysis of eighty six receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinase genes revealed a significant decrease of FGFR2 expression level, suggesting a potential role of FGFR2 in TUSC2-enhanced sensitivity to erlotinib. Western blots showed inhibition of FGFR2 by TUSC2 transient transfection, and marked increase of PARP, an apoptotic marker, cleavage level after TUSC2-erlotinb combined treatment. Suppression of FGFR2 by AZD4547 or gene knockdown enhanced sensitivity to erlotinib in some but not all tested cell lines. TUSC2 inhibits mTOR activation and the latter cell lines were responsive to the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin combined with erlotinib. These results suggest that TUSC2 restoration in wild type EGFR NSCLC may overcome erlotinib resistance, and identify FGFR2 and mTOR as critical regulators of this activity in varying cellular contexts. The therapeutic activity of TUSC2 could extend the use of erlotinib to lung cancer patients with wildtype EGFR.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.