Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2006View details →

Fig. 1 in Systematic Position of Trichadenotecnum enderleini (Roesler) (Psocodea: "Psocoptera": Psocidae)

Fig. 1. Forewing of Ptycta enderleini, male.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Examining the charge transfer in an unusual negative rocket-triggered lightning flash with branched upward positive leaders

The data of the Case Tr_201807, figures, Optical images

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

Stable isotopes unravel the feeding mode-trophic position relationship in trematode parasites

<div class="WordSection1"> 1. Stable isotopes have been sporadically used over the last two decades to characterise host-parasite trophic relationships. The main reason for this scarcity is the lack of an obvious pattern in the ratio of nitrogen stable isotope values (δ15N) of parasites in comparison to their host tissues, which would be key to understand any host-parasite system dynamics. 2. To circumvent this, we focused on a single snail host, Zeacumantus subcarinatus, and three of its trematode parasites. 3. We used stable isotopes to investigate each host-trematode trophic relationship and shed light on the mechanisms utilised by the parasite to reroute its hosts' biomass. 4. All our trematodes were found to be 15N-enriched compared to their host, with their δ15N values strongly related to their feeding behaviours: passive vs active. It was possible to 'rank' these parasite species and assess their 'relative' trophic position using δ15N values. We also demonstrated that including a broader range of samples (e.g. host food and faeces, multiple parasite life stages) helped understand the metabolic mechanisms used by the various participants, and that using carbon stable isotope values and C:N ratios allowed to identify an important lipid requirement of these trematode parasites. Finally, we show how critical it is to not ignore parasitic infections as they can have a great influence on their host's trophic position. 5. We have shown that by focussing on a single host species and a single taxonomic group of parasites, we can remove a certain amount of variation recorded by broader isotope studies. We hope that these data will ultimately improve our ability to place parasites in food webs, and thus improve our understanding of the connections and interactions that dictate food web dynamics. </div>

openother-openDec 2021View details →

Data and R files for the analysis of the innovative capacity and the network position of national manufacturing industries in world production

Data and R files for the reproducibility of the results obtained in Kim and Ozaygen, Analysis of the innovative capacity and the network position of national manufacturing industries in world production. It also includes an R/Shiny application which runs at <a href="https://awekim.shinyapps.io/Manuf_shiny_R/">https://awekim.shinyapps.io/Manuf_shiny_R/ </a>

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

Metapopulation-level associations in positively interacting stream fishes

Positive biotic interactions are recognized as important factors determining species distributions. Although effects of positive interactions have often been observed at local scales, much less is known about consequences at larger spatial scales. Here, we study nest associations of stream fishes - widespread reproductive facilitation between host (nest-builder) and beneficiary (nest associate) species in North America - as a model system to examine the role of positive interactions in determining the metapopulation-level relationship between host and beneficiary species. Using regional data of fish distribution in the Midwestern US, we found that watershed-level occupancy of host species (i.e., metapopulation occupancy) remarkably increased that of nest associates. Our results illustrated that the effects of positive biotic interactions at the metapopulation level were comparable or even stronger than environmental drivers, i.e., factors that have been studied most extensively in metapopulation studies. Further, our model supported the hypothesis that the metapopulation-level relationship between hosts and nest associates was mediated by a gradient of environmental conditions: strong associations occurred under stressful habitats. This study provides insightful evidence that positive biotic interactions have larger scale consequences for distributions of organisms than previously thought. Successful biodiversity conservation may need a broader framework that appreciates the role of positive biotic interactions at larger spatial scales.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

Meaningful and physically consistent efficiency definition for positive displacement pumps - continuation of the critical review of ISO 4391 and ISO 4409

ISO 4391:1984 gives the common efficiency definition for positive displacement machines. ISO 4409:2019 uses this efficiency definition to specify the procedure for efficiency measurements. If the machine conditions do not correspond with an incompressible flow due to operation at high pressure levels, the compressibility of the fluid and the dead volume of a pump must be taken into account. On this point, ISO 4391:1984 is physically inconsistent. Achten et. al. address this issue in their paper at FPMC 2019 presenting a critical review of ISO 4409:2007. They introduce new definitions of the overall efficiency as well as the mechanical-hydraulic efficiency. At the same time, they question the validity of the volumetric efficiency definition. Li and Barkei continue on this issue in their paper at FPMC 2020 and give a new efficiency definition based on the introduction of a new quantity Φ which describes the volume specific enthalpy of the conveyed fluid. The motivation of this paper is to contribute to the ongoing and fruitful discussion. Our approach starts with the most general efficiency definition, namely the isentropic efficiency. Subsequently, we make assumptions concerning the fluid properties with respect to the compressibility of the conveyed fluid. On the basis of the ideal cycle of a positive displacement pump and the p-v diagram, we derive physically consistent and more meaningful representations of the overall, the mechanical-hydraulic and the volumetric efficiency that address the inconsistency of ISO 4391:1984. Furthermore, we compare our findings with the existing results of Achten et. al. and Li and Barkei.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →

Datasets of Indoor UWB Measurements for Ranging and Positioning in Good and Challenging Scenarios

This is a dataset of ranging and positioning measurements collected from an UWB development board. The Real Time Location System based on UWB is set up in a laboratory. Data were captured in the static laboratory environment with different conditions that affects to the positioning performance. In the lab, scenarios with different propagation conditions between the nodes and different geometries were set up. We consider good, challenging, and intermediate scenarios with: Line of Sight (LOS) and Non-LOS propagation conditions as well as easy and challenging geometries. These datasets may be used, for example, for investing and validating ranging and positioning algorithms in different scenarios. A detailed description is provided in the file README.pdf

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →

Data set of "Effect of Proximity, Burden, and Position on the Power Quality Accuracy Performance of Rogowski Coils"

The uploaded data set contains all the measurements collected during the research that led to the publication of " "Effect of Proximity, Burden, and Position on the Power Quality Accuracy Performance of Rogowski Coils"

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

Applying Cognitive Principles to Model-Finding Output: The Positive Value of Negative Information (artifact)

This is the artifact associated with the OOPSLA 2022 paper titled "Applying Cognitive Principles to Model-Finding Output: The Positive Value of Negative Information". It includes: <ul> <li>A README file with in-depth instructions for accessing and using all artifact components.</li> <li>The raw and anonymized data for each participant in the quantitative studies.</li> <li>The raw and anonymized audio transcripts for each participant in the qualitative studies.</li> <li>Working versions of every user interface used in the experiments.</li> <li>An experimental model-finder, which is a modified version of the <a href="http://alloytools.org/">Alloy</a> model finder, which demonstrates the "2+1-" visualization mode from the paper.</li> </ul>

opencc-zeroMar 2022View details →

False and true positives in arthropod thermal adaptation candidate gene lists

Genome-wide studies are prone to false positives due to inherently low priors and statistical power. One approach to ameliorate this problem is to seek validation of reported candidate genes across independent studies: genes with repeatedly discovered effects are less likely to be false positives. Inversely, genes reported only as many times as expected by chance alone, while possibly representing novel discoveries, are also more likely to be false positives. We show that, across over 30 genome-wide studies that reported Drosophila and Daphnia genes with possible roles in thermal adaptation, the combined lists of candidate genes and orthologous groups are rapidly approaching the total number of genes and orthologous groups in the genome, respectively, consistent with the expectation of high frequency of false positives. The majority of these spurious candidates have been identified by one or a few studies, as expected by chance alone. In contrast, a noticeable minority of genes have been identified by numerous studies with the probabilities of such discoveries occurring by chance alone being exceedingly small. For this subset of genes, different studies are in agreement with each other despite differences in the ecological settings, genomic tools and methodology, and reporting thresholds. We provide a reference set of presumed true positives among Drosophila candidate genes and orthologous groups involved in response to changes in temperature, suitable for cross-validation purposes. Despite this approach being prone to false negatives, this list of presumed true positives includes several hundred genes, consistent with the "omnigenic" concept of genetic architecture of complex traits.

opencc-zeroMar 2022View details →

Dataset and R code from: Positive and negative effects of land abandonment on butterfly communities revealed by a hierarchical sampling design across climatic regions

Land abandonment may decrease biodiversity but also provides an opportunity for rewilding. It is therefore necessary to identify areas that may benefit from traditional land management practices and those that may benefit from a lack of human intervention. In this study, we conducted comparative field surveys of butterfly occurrence in abandoned and inhabited settlements in 18 regions of diverse climatic zones in Japan to test the hypotheses that species-specific responses to land abandonment correlate with climatic niches and habitat preferences. Hierarchical models that unified species occurrence and habitat preferences revealed that negative responses to land abandonment were associated with species that have cold climatic niches and utilize open habitats, suggesting that species negatively impacted by land abandonment will decline more due to future climate warming. Maps representing species gains and losses due to land abandonment, which were created from the model estimates, showed similar geographic patterns, but some areas exhibited high species losses relative to gains. Our hierarchical modelling approach was useful for scaling up local-scale effects of land abandonment to a macro-scale assessment, which is crucial to developing spatial conservation strategies in the era of depopulation.

Positive associations of soil organic matter and crop yields across a regional network of working farms

The amount of soil organic matter (SOM) is considered a key indicator of soil properties associated with higher fertility. Despite the ubiquity of assumptions surrounding SOM's contributions to soil functioning, we lack quantitative relationships between SOM and yield outcomes on working farms. We quantified the relationship between SOM and yields of corn (Zea mays L.) and silage for a dataset of 170 fields arrayed across 49 farms in a network of growers based in Wisconsin and Minnesota, USA. As SOM concentrations increase, so do yields, though gains start to level off around 4% SOM. When examining the relationship between yield and soil health indicators representative of biologically active carbon pools, we found that mineralizable carbon (min-C) has a stronger relationship with yield than permanganate oxidizable C (POXC). Mineral fertilizer, manure, and SOM had relationships of similar magnitude with yield, highlighting that SOM in combination with exogenous inputs likely plays an important role in driving agricultural productivity in this region. An SOM by crop rotation interaction indicated that the impact of SOM on crop yields varied depending on rotation (continuous corn versus corn in rotation). That is, continuous corn had lower yields than corn in rotation despite higher SOM concentrations. Our findings provide insight into the relationship between indicators of soil health, farm management, and crop yields for a set of working farms and lend support to the goals of soil health initiatives that rest on building SOM in agricultural soils to improve agricultural outcomes.

opencc-by-4.0May 2019View details →

Fig. 2 in Taxonomic Position Of Anastrangalia Reyi And A. Sequensi (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) Based On Molecular And Morphological Data

Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree of the genus Anastrangalia (with C. cerdo and C. scopolii as outgrouped).

The impact of molecular data on the phylogenetic position of the putative oldest crown crocodilian and the age of the clade

The use of molecular data for living groups is vital for interpreting fossils, especially when morphology-only analyses retrieve problematic phylogenies for living forms. These topological discrepancies impact on the inferred phylogenetic position of many fossil taxa. In Crocodylia, morphology-based phylogenetic inferences differ fundamentally in placing Gavialis basal to all other living forms, whereas molecular data consistently unite it with crocodylids. The Cenomanian Portugalosuchus azenhae was recently described as the oldest crown crocodilian, with affinities to Gavialis, based on morphology-only analyses, thus representing a potentially important new molecular clock calibration. Here we performed analyses incorporating DNA data into these morphological datasets, using scaffold and supermatrix (total evidence) approaches, in order to evaluate the position of basal crocodylians including Portugalosuchus. Our analyses incorporating DNA data robustly recovered Portugalosuchus outside Crocodylia (as well as thoracosaurs, planocraniids and Borealosuchus spp.), questioning the status of Portugalosuchus a crown crocodilian and any future use as a node calibration in molecular clock studies. Finally, we discuss how, with the increasing size of phylogenomic datasets, the molecular scaffold might be an efficient (though imperfect) approximation of more rigorous but demanding supermatrix analyses.

Data for: Individual differences in song plasticity in response to social stimuli and singing position

Individual animals can react to the changes in their environment by exhibiting behaviours in an individual-specific way leading to individual differences in phenotypic plasticity. However, the effect of multiple environmental factors on multiple traits is rarely tested. Such a complex approach is necessary to assess the generality of plasticity and to understand how among-individual differences in the ability to adapt to changing environments evolve. This study examined whether individuals adjust different song traits to varying environmental conditions in the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis), a passerine with complex song. We also aimed to reveal among-individual differences in behavioural responses by testing whether individual differences in plasticity were repeatable. The presence of general plasticity across traits and/or contexts was also tested. To assess plasticity, we documented 1) short-scale temporal changes in song traits in different social contexts (after exposition to male stimulus, female stimulus or without stimuli), and 2) changes concerning the height from where the bird sang (singing position), used as a proxy of predation risk and acoustic transmission conditions. We found population-level relationships between singing position and both song length and complexity, as well as social context-dependent temporal changes in song length and maximum frequency. We found among-individual differences in plasticity of song length and maximum frequency along both the temporal and positional gradients. These among-individual differences in plasticity were repeatable. Some of the plastic responses correlated across different song traits and environmental gradients. Overall, our results show that the plasticity of bird song 1) depends on the social context, 2) exists along different environmental gradients and 3) there is evidence for trade-offs between the responses of different traits to different environmental variables. Our results highlight the need to consider individual differences and to investigate multiple traits along multiple environmental axes when studying behavioural plasticity.

Data from: Sustained positive consequences of genetic rescue of fitness and behavioural traits in inbred populations of Drosophila melanogaster

One solution to alleviate the detrimental genetic effects associated with reductions in population size and fragmentation is to introduce immigrants from other populations. While the effects of this genetic rescue on fitness traits are fairly well known, it is less clear to what extent inbreeding depression and subsequent genetic rescue affects behavioural traits. In this study, replicated crosses between inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster were performed in order to investigate the effects of inbreeding and genetic rescue on egg-to-adult viability and negative geotaxis behaviour - a locomotor response used to measure e.g. the effects of physiological ageing. Transgenerational effects of outcrossing were investigated by examining the fitness consequences in both the F1 and F4 generation. The majority of inbred lines showed evidence for inbreeding depression for both egg-to-adult viability and behavioural performance (95% and 66% of lines, respectively), with inbreeding depression being more pronounced for viability compared to locomotor response. Subsequent outcrossing with immigrants led to an alleviation of the negative effects for both viability and geotaxis response resulting in inbred lines being similar to the outbred controls, with beneficial effects persisting from F1 to F4. Overall, the results clearly show that genetic rescue can provide transgenerational rescue of small, inbred populations by rapidly improving population fitness components. Thus, we show that even the negative effects of inbreeding on behaviour, similar to that of neurodegeneration associated with physiological ageing, can be reversed by genetic rescue.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Analogue Models for comparing and testing the relationship between inverted normal faults and pure thrusting during the positive tectonic inversion

This dataset contains a series of Analogue Models for comparing and testing positive tectonic inversion mechanisms and their newly formed structures . Furthermore, it includes 2-D seismic reflection profiles that can be compared with the models presented here. Finally, examples of natural cases that show tectonic inversion processes are included. Both, seismic lines and photos are located on a segment of Andean forearc, specifically, in the Domeyko Cordillera and the Preandean Basins, northern Chile.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Positive allometric growth explains the positive effect of foliar fungal pathogens on plant coexistence

The data was collected in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Province, China (101° 18′ 57″ E, 37° 36′ 50″ N; 3 221 m a.s.l.) in 2019 and 2020, including the species-specific growth allometry (scaling exponent and intercept) fitted by the allometric equation under each treatment in a population-level experiment, i.e., control, fungicide application, neighbor removal (removal), fungicide application × neighbor removal, and the community-level mean and dispersion of the growth allometry (CWM and FDis of growth scaling exponent and intercept, respectively) weighted by the species cover for each plot in a community-level fungicide application experiment.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Unique structure and positive selection promote the rapid divergence of Drosophila Y chromosomes

Y chromosomes across diverse species convergently evolve a gene-poor, heterochromatic organization enriched for duplicated genes, LTR retrotransposons, and satellite DNA. Sexual antagonism and a loss of recombination play major roles in the degeneration of young Y chromosomes. However, the processes shaping the evolution of mature, already degenerated Y chromosomes are less well-understood. Because Y chromosomes evolve rapidly, comparisons between closely related species are particularly useful. We generated de novo long read assemblies complemented with cytological validation to reveal Y chromosome organization in three closely related species of the Drosophila simulans complex, which diverged only 250,000 years ago and share >98% sequence identity. We find these Y chromosomes are divergent in their organization and repetitive DNA composition and discover new Y-linked gene families whose evolution is driven by both positive selection and gene conversion. These Y chromosomes are also enriched for large deletions, suggesting that the repair of double-strand breaks on Y chromosomes may be biased toward microhomology-mediated end joining over canonical non-homologous end-joining. We propose that this repair mechanism contributes to the convergent evolution of Y chromosome organization across organisms.