Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Both diet and sociality affect primate brain-size evolution

Increased brain size in humans and other primates is hypothesized to confer cognitive benefits but brings costs associated with growing and maintaining energetically expensive neural tissue. Previous studies have argued that changes in either diet or levels of sociality led to shifts in brain size, but results were equivocal. Here we test these hypotheses using phylogenetic comparative methods designed to jointly account for and estimate the effects of adaptation and phylogeny. Using the largest current sample of primate brain and body sizes with observation error, complemented by newly compiled diet and sociality data, we show that both diet and sociality have influenced the evolution of brain size. Shifting from simple to more complex levels of sociality resulted in relatively larger brains, while shifting to a more folivorous diet led to relatively smaller brains. While our results support the role of sociality, they modify a range of ecological hypotheses centered on the importance of frugivory and instead indicate that digestive costs associated with increased folivory may have resulted in relatively smaller brains.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Data from: Geographical variation and discrimination of social calls in male great Himalayan leaf-nosed bats: Do functionally similar calls have similar patterns?

Geographical variation in animals' acoustic signals has received much attention. However, few studies have compared the patterns and underlying selective forces driving geographical divergence of vocalizations with similar and different functions within the same species. Also, the social consequences of geographical divergence in acoustic signals are still rather poorly understood. Here we recorded three types of social calls of male great Himalayan leaf-nosed bats (Hipposideros armiger) across eight colonies in China. Two calls share similar functions and the third has a function distinct from the other two. We examined the patterns and causes of geographical variation of each of these calls. We found that all three calls had significant geographic variation with similar patterns of spatial variation. Only one of the two social calls with similar functions was found to be affected by genetic drift, while the other two calls were not affected by selection and drift, or morphological constraints. Furthermore, we found that bats could discriminate between vocalizations of their own colony and those of an allopatric colony. Overall, these results suggest that acoustic signals with similar functions may be shaped by different driving forces and acoustic signals with different functions may exhibit similar geographical patterns. This study expands our limited knowledge of the patterns of geographical variation of vocalizations emitted at different emotional states and highlights the importance of comparing simultaneously patterns and causes of geographical divergence of vocalizations with similar and different functions.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Governing Migration and Social Cohesion through Integration Requirements

This socio-legal project questions how and with what effects the notion of “integration” has become, in migration law, administrative and court practice, a decisive criterion based on which states select which migrants shall be granted or denied access to specific rights (e.g., right of abode, political rights, right to family reunification). This affects the way social cohesion is strived for and reveals how both in law and practice social cohesion is conceived of and who is considered to belong or not. Based on the analysis of legal texts, ethnographic data and documents our research contributes to understanding how state officials deal with different categories of mobile or sedentary foreign nationals (in terms of gender, class, ethnicity, religion, age, etc.) when deciding about the allocation or denial of rights based on the criterion of “being integrated”. The underlying rationales of policies and practices are to be interpreted within broader processes of social transformation, e.g., the rise of the human rights regime, of neoliberalism, and of a “culture of control”. Switzerland is at the center of the study. The study implies an inter-cantonal and an international comparison with two contrasting European welfare states: Germany and Sweden.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Base de datos de respuestas a la Encuesta a Creadores de Contenido Científico en Redes Sociales

Base de datos con las respuestas dadas a las distintas preguntas de la Encuesta realizada a creadores y creadoras de contenido científico en redes sociales, en el marco de la investigación sobre estrategias en la creación de contenido científico en redes sociales

Effects of early predation and social cues on the relationship between laterality and personality in the Threespined stickleback

Individual differences in laterality and personality are expected to covary, as emotions are processed differently by the two hemispheres and personality involves emotional behavior. Fish species are often used to investigate this topic due to the large variability in personality and laterality patterns. While some species show a positive relationship between lateralization strength and boldness, others show a negative relationship, and some show no relationship. To investigate whether this relationship follows changes in laterality and personality, we conducted a fully factorial design experiment manipulating predation and group size during early development. Results showed that the strength of laterality was influenced by predation threat, while social tendency and boldness were influenced by group size. These findings suggest that early life conditions can have an impact on laterality and social behavior. The relationship between laterality and personality traits, while present, was heavily influenced by the specific trial conditions, but not by the different developmental conditions.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

Social interactions differ in their impact on foraging decisions

Data and code for the manuscript: Social interactions differ in their impact on foraging decisions

Early-life sleep disruption impairs subtle social behaviours in prairie voles: a pose-estimation study

Early life sleep disruption (ELSD) has been shown to have long-lasting effects on social behaviour in adult prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), including impaired expression of pair bonding during partner preference testing. However, due to the limitations of manual behaviour tracking, the effects of ELSD across the time course of pair bonding have not yet been described, hindering our ability to trace mechanisms. Here, we used pose estimation to track prairie voles during opposite-sex cohabitation, the process leading to pair bonding. Male-female pairs were allowed to interact through a mesh divider in the home cage for 72 h, providing variables of body direction, distance-to-divider and locomotion speed. We found that control males displayed periodic patterns of body orientation towards females during cohabitation. In contrast, ELSD males showed reduced duration and ultradian periodicity of these body orientation behaviours towards females. Furthermore, in both sexes, ELSD altered spatial and temporal patterns of locomotion across the light/dark cycles of the 72-h recordings. This study allows a comprehensive behavioural assessment of the effects of ELSD on later life sociality and highlights subtle prairie vole behaviours. Our findings may shed light on neurodevelopmental disorders featuring sleep disruption and social deficits, such as autism spectrum disorders.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

Is Social Training Delivered with a Head-Mounted Display Suitable for Patients with Hereditary Ataxia?

This dataset  is related to 10 patients with different types of hereditary ataxia who performed a single VR-SPIRIT training session using the Oculus Quest, a Head Mounted Display. The VR- Social Prediction Improvement and Rehabilitation Intensive Training (VR-SPIRIT) is a rehabilitative intervention in virtual reality (VR) targeting social prediction to improve the use of contextual priors during prediction of others’ intentions in cerebellar patients. The aim here was to verify its usability and tolerability in patients with hereditary ataxia. To do this, after the session, patients answered a series of questionnaires to investigate the overall usability of the system and its potential effects in terms of cyber-sickness. The dataset includes a sheet related to demographic data, a sheet related to performance during the single session and one sheet for each questionnaire as follows: - System Usability Scale (SUS) - Suitability Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ) - Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) - Independent Television Commission-Sense of Presence Inventory (ITC-SOPI) - short-form of Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scales (PANAS). The details about data collection and all procedures are reported in the following manuscript, that we kindly ask you to cite if you use this dataset: Malerba, G.; Bellazzecca, S.; Urgesi, C.; Butti, N.; D’Angelo, M.G.; Diella, E.; Biffi, E. Is Social Training Delivered with a Head-Mounted Display Suitable for Patients with Hereditary Ataxia? Brain Sci. 2023, 13, 1017. https://doi.org/10.3390/ brainsci13071017

Increased initial task difficulty drives social foragers to develop sub-optimal conformity instead of adaptive diversity

The extent to which animal societies exhibit social conformity as opposed to behavioural diversity is commonly attributed to adaptive learning strategies. Less attention is given to the possibility that the relative difficulty of learning a task socially as opposed to individually can be critical for social learning dynamics. Here we show that by raising initial task difficulty, house sparrows previously shown to exhibit adaptive social diversity become predominantly conformists. The task we used required opening feeding well covers (easier to learn socially) and to choose the covers with the rewarding cues (easy to learn individually). We replicated a previous study where sparrows exhibited adaptive diversity, but did not pre-train the naive sparrows to open covers, making the task initially more difficult. In sharp contrast to the previous study results, most sparrows continued to conform to the demonstrated cue even after experiencing greater success with the alternative rewarding cue for which competition was less intense. Thus, our study shows that a task's cognitive demands, such as the initial dependency on social demonstration, can change the entire learning dynamics, causing social animals to exhibit sub-optimal social conformity rather than adaptive diversity under otherwise identical conditions.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Code and data for "Postreproductive female killer whales reduce socially inflicted injuries in their male offspring"

R code and data necessary to reproduce all analyses from the manuscript "Postreproductive female killer whales reduce socially inflicted injuries in their male offspring". Included is demographic and social data on 103 southern resident killer whales, the R code to fit Bayesian regression models and code to produce the plots in the manuscript.

Data for: Morphometric parameters in males of the social wasp Polistes simillimus

Sperm competition and male mating rate are two non-mutually exclusive key evolutionary pressures selecting for larger testes within and across animal taxa. A few studies have tried to disentangle their effects (e.g., testing the role of mating rate in the absence of sperm competition). Under the mating rate hypothesis, particular phenotypes of a given population which are expected to gain more mates (e.g. more ornamented males) are expected to make higher investment in testes size (a proxy for sperm production). We test this prediction in Polistes simillimus, a neotropical paper wasp in which females are single-mated (no sperm competition) and males can mate with multiple partners. According to linear mixed model analyses, testes size was predicted by body size (positive association), sexual ornamentation (negative association), and their interaction (among small males, testes size was positively related to ornamentation but the opposite pattern was observed among large males). We propose that small-bodied well-ornamented males may face the highest risk of sperm depletion. Nevertheless, small-bodied males make relatively higher investment in testes size when sexy (more ornamented). This strategy might be less profitable to large males, as they have overall larger testes. Our results provide strong evidence for the mating rate hypothesis.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Fox8-23 AI-powered social bot dataset

We release the fox8-23 dataset, which contains the recent tweets from 1140 AI-powered social bots and 1140 human accounts collected from Twitter. See the GitHub repo https://github.com/osome-iu/AIBot_fox8 for details.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Photovoice and case based learning activities in higher education (University of Zaragoza - Social Work degree)

The collected variables are: students data (gender, age, university admittance marks from 0 to 14), academic perforrnace of photovoice (PV) activity (from 0 to 10), academic performance of Case based learning (CBL) activity (form 0 to 10),  order of the exercises, satisfaction with the photovoice activity, satisfaction with the CBL activity, items and overall self-efficacy scale score

openother-atApr 2023View details →

Dataset: a Social Accounting Matrix for Germany

The Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for Germany includes data on 163 production sectors, factors of production, indirect business taxes, households, corporations, government, gross fixed capital formation, changes in inventories, and the external accounts with the rest of the world. The SAM allows for economic analysis, policy evaluation, and economic modelling. The SAM is compiled by extending the EXIOBASE Input-Output accounts with data from Federal Statistical Office of Germany (DESTATIS) and using balancing items to ensure that the Total Income and Total Expenditure of the main transactors are in balance.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

Le Journal of Open Humanities Data (JOHD) : enjeux et défis dans la publication de data papers pour les sciences humaines et sociales (SHS)

This repository hosts the pre-print version of the paper and the data used for the following publication: Marongiu, Paola; Pedrazzini, Nilo; Ribary, Marton; McGillivray, Barbara (forthcoming). "Le Journal of Open Humanities Data (JOHD) : enjeux et défis dans la publication de data papers pour les sciences humaines et sociales (SHS)". In Schopfel, Joachim and Kosmopoulos, Christine (eds.) Publier, partager, réutiliser les données de la recherche: les data papers et leurs enjeux. Lille: Presses Universitaires du Septentrion. The file "johd_publications.xlsx" contains the data used for the section "Publier des data papers pour les SHS : l’expérience du JOHD". This includes all relevant information about the papers published by the Journal of Open Humanities data. The title of the published paper; the DOI; the date of publication; the special collection in which the paper was published (if any); the keywords associated with the paper; the names of the authors. The zip folder "datapapers_catalyseurs.zip" contains the data used for the section "Les data papers : des catalyseurs de la réutilisation des données ?". This includes information about the papers published by the Journal of Open Humanities data and their corresponding datasets (downloads, views, tweets, citations and Altmetric).

opencc-by-nc-nd-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Polish validation data of the MASC (multisource assessment of children's social competence) instrument

Dataset of the published open access article:  Wiza, A., Koszałka-Silska, A., Jaguszewski, M. et al. Polish adaptation of multisource assessment of children’s social competence. Sci Rep 13, 12128 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39292-2

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

Impacto de la situación laboral de las/los trabajadores sociales egresados de la Universidad Mariana

Este estudio se orientó a investigar acerca de las condiciones laborales de las y los trabajadores sociales, egresados/as de la universidad Mariana entre los años 2015 y 2020 y que laboran en los municipios de Pasto, Tumaco e Ipiales, departamento de Nariño. Se desarrolló bajo los paradigmas cualitativo y cuantitativo, haciéndose uso de fuentes primarias: Entrevistas y encuestas. fuentes secundarias: Revisión de archivos y material bibliográfico.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

Data from: Costs of social conflict: do injuries mirror patterns of aggression in blue monkeys?

In wild animals, injuries often arise from intraspecific contests, and therefore may reveal challenges and selection pressures related to social conflict. We evaluated whether known aggressive patterns predicted injury patterns in wild blue monkeys, in which most injuries of known cause resulted from conspecifics. After describing injuries and their causes in 12 groups monitored over 13 years, we compared injury distributions across age-sex class and season. Adult males were much more likely, adult females about equally likely, and immatures much less likely to sustain injuries relative to random expectation. Among adult males, injuries were most common in the mating season. Using multivariate models, we examined how individual, social, and demographic factors predicted injury rates in adult females and immatures. Rates were higher for adult females versus all immatures, for individuals in smaller groups, and for those living in groups frequently exposed to novel adult males and with few immature members. Among older juvenile and adult females, these trends persisted; additionally, pregnant and lactating females were injured less often than others, but there was no evidence that dominance rank influenced injury rates. For juveniles, injury rates increased similarly with age in both sexes, providing only limited evidence that heightened aggression motivates natal dispersal by males. Most findings supported the hypothesis that aggression increases injury risk. Costs of within-group aggressive competition may manifest in ways other than injury, however, especially for females. We highlight the importance in comparative analyses of considering both within- and between-group aggression and demographic variables as influencing injury risk.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

A gradual migratory divide determines not only the direction of migration but also migration strategy of a social migrant bird

Migratory divides separate populations of migratory animals, facilitating the evolution of intraspecific differences in migration strategies. Migration strategies are expected to be different for birds using different flyways and environments, but the knowledge regarding the impact of the flyway on individual migration strategies is scarce. By using satellite tracking and neckband resightings, we reveal the existence and structure of a gradual migratory divide between two European flyway populations of greylag geese Anser anser. Birds breeding at the far end of the Gulf of Bothnia in the Baltic Sea coast use the Western Flyway; those breeding in the Gulf of Finland the Central Flyway and those breeding between these extremes scatter to the two flyways. By using Gaussian process modelling, we show that migration strategies differed between the flyways. The birds using Western Flyway migrated earlier in autumn, performed longer annual migration and made a clear stopover during migration, whereas the birds using Central Flyway flew directly to their wintering sites. The gradual migratory divide that also divides migration strategies provides insights to migratory divides in birds with learned migration. Distinct migration strategies in different flyways provide exciting possibilities to further study the factors driving migration strategies.