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12,871 results for “aging;”
Reevaluating the Little Ice Age: Novel insights from oceanic and terrestrial records on unexpected warm winters
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Data from: Effects of maternal age and environmental enrichment on learning ability and brain size
<p>It is well known that maternal age at reproduction affects offspring lifespan and some other fitness-related traits, but it remains understudied whether maternal senescence affects how offspring respond to their environments. Early environment often plays a significant role in the development of an animal's behavioral phenotype. For example, complex environments can promote changes in cognitive ability and brain morphology in young animals. Here, we study whether and how maternal effect senescence influences offspring plasticity in cognition, group behavior, and brain morphology in response to environmental complexity. For this, juvenile three-spined sticklebacks from young and old mothers (i.e. 1-year and 2-years-old) were exposed to different levels of environmental enrichment and complexity (i.e. none, simple and complex), and their behavior, cognitive ability, and brain size were measured. Exposing fish to enriched conditions improved individual learning ability assessed by a repeated detour-reaching task, increased the size of the whole brain, and decreased aggressive interactions in the shoal. Maternal age did not influence the inhibitory control, learning ability, and group behavioral responses of offspring to the experimental environmental change. However, maternal age affected how some brain regions of offspring changed in response to environmental complexity. In offspring from old mothers, those exposed to the complex environment had larger telencephalons and cerebellums than those who experienced simpler environments. Our results suggest that maternal effect senescence may influence how offspring invest in brain functions related to cognition in response to environmental complexity.</p>
Data from: What doesn't kill you makes you stronger? Effects of paternal age at conception on fathers and sons
<p>Advancing male age is often hypothesised to reduce both, male fertility and offspring quality due to reproductive senescence. However, the effects of advancing male age on reproductive output and offspring quality are not always deleterious. For example, older fathers might buffer effects of reproductive senescence by terminally investing in reproduction. Similarly, males that survive to reproduce at an old age, might carry alleles that confer high viability (viability selection) which are then inherited by offspring, or might have high reproductive potential (selective disappearance). Differentiating these mechanisms requires an integrated experimental study of paternal survival and reproductive performance, as well as offspring quality, which is currently lacking. Using a cross-sectional study in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>, we test the effects of paternal age at conception (PAC) on paternal survival and reproductive success, and on the lifespans of sons. We discover that mating at an old age is linked with decreased future male survival, suggesting that mating-induced mortality is possibly due to old fathers being frail. We find no evidence for terminal investment, and show that reproductive senescence in fathers does not onset until their late-adult life. Additionally, we find that as a father's lifespan increases, his probability of siring offspring increases, for older PAC treatments only. Lastly, we show that sons born to older fathers live longer than those born to younger fathers, due to viability selection. Collectively, our results suggest that advancing paternal age is not necessarily associated with deleterious effects for offspring, and may even lead to older fathers producing longer-lived offspring.</p>
Fig. 2 in Age and growth of the four-spotted megrim (Lepidorhombus boscii Risso, 1810) from Saros Bay (Northern Aegean Sea, Turkey)
Fig. 2: Blind side (a) otolith; ocular side (b) otolith and nucleus (N).
Fig. 1 in Age and growth of the four-spotted megrim (Lepidorhombus boscii Risso, 1810) from Saros Bay (Northern Aegean Sea, Turkey)
Fig. 1: Saros Bay and sampling stations.
Fig. 4 in Age Structure In A Declining Population Of Rana Temporaria From Northern Italy
Fig. 4. Age distribution of male (filled bars) and female (empty bars) Rana temporaria
Fig. 3 in Age And Growth Of The Southern Crested Newt, Triturus Karelinii (Strauch 1870), In A Lowland Population From Northwest Turkey
Fig. 3. Age distribution of Triturus karelinii
Fig. 4 in The Body Size, Age Structure And Growth Pattern Of The Endemic Balkan Mosor Rock Lizard (Dinarolacerta Mosorensis Kolombatović, 1886)
Fig. 4. The age distribution in subadult and adult Mosor rock lizards
Neural FoxP2 expression in an aging open-ended vocal learner
<p>Most vocal learning species exhibit an early critical period during which their vocal control neural circuity can facilitate the acquisition of new vocalizations. Some taxa, most notably humans and parrots, retain this neurobehavioral plasticity throughout adulthood. Downregulation of the transcription factor FoxP2 in both songbird and parrot vocal control nuclei has been identified as a key expression pattern facilitating vocal learning. We hypothesize that open-ended vocal learning is vulnerable to cognitive decline, and that this deterioration will be reflected in age-related changes in neural FoxP2 expression. We tested this hypothesis in the budgerigar (<em>Melopsittacus undulatus</em>), a small gregarious parrot in which adults converge on shared call types in response to shifts in group membership. We formed novel flocks of 4 previously unfamiliar males belonging to the same age class, either "young adult" (6 mo-1 yr) or "older adult" (≥ 3 yr), and then collected audio-recordings over a 20-day learning period to assess vocal learning ability. Following behavioral recording, whole brains were extracted and immunohistochemistry was performed to measure FoxP2 protein expression in a parrot vocal learning center, the magnocellular nucleus of the medial striatum (MMSt), and its adjacent striatum. We find similarly downregulated FoxP2 expression and equivalent vocal plasticity and vocal convergence in young and older adults suggesting the maintenance of two components of open-ended learning into old age in the budgerigar. No relationship between individual variation in vocal learning measures and FoxP2 expression was detected.</p>
Data from: Age-related physiological dysregulation progresses slowly in semi-free-ranging chimpanzees
<p>Lifestyle has widespread effects on human health and aging. Prior results from chimpanzees, one of the closest evolutionary relatives of humans, indicate that these lifestyle effects may also be shared with other species, as semi-free-ranging chimpanzees fed a naturalistic diet show healthier values in several specific health biomarkers, compared with their sedentary, captive counterparts. Here, we examined how lifestyle factors associated with different environments affect rates of physiological aging in closely related chimpanzees (<em>Pan troglodytes</em>). We compared physiological dysregulation, an index of biological aging, in semi-free-ranging chimpanzees in an African sanctuary versus captive chimpanzees in US laboratories. If the rate of aging is accelerated by a high-calorie diet and sedentism, we predicted greater age-related dysregulation in the laboratory populations. Conversely, if the costs of a wild lifestyle accelerate aging, then semi-free-ranging chimpanzees at the sanctuary, whose environment better approximates the wild, should show greater age-related dysregulation. We further tested whether dysregulation differed based on sex or body system, as in humans. We found that semi-free-ranging chimpanzees showed lower overall dysregulation, as well as lower age-related change in dysregulation, than laboratory chimpanzees. Males experienced lower dysregulation in both contexts, and the two populations exhibited distinct aging patterns based on the body system. Our results support the conclusion that naturalistic living conditions result in healthier aging in chimpanzees. These data provide support for the proposal that lifestyle effects on human health and aging are conserved from deeper into our evolutionary history.</p>
Fig. 1 in On the sex and age structure of the Stone Marten (Martes foina) population from Sarnena Sredna Gora Mts. (Central Bulgaria)
Fig. 1. Sex-age classes of Stone Marten population from Central Bulgaria, %.
Epidemiologic data relating to age and gender specific HIV viral suppression in Rakai, Uganda, 2013-2019
<div> <p>This repository contains the data for the analyses presented in the paper "<span><span>Age and gender profiles of HIV infection burden and viraemia: novel metrics for HIV epidemic control in African populations with high antiretroviral therapy coverage</span></span>", soon available as a preprint. </p> <p>We thank all contributors, program staff, and participants to the Rakai Community Cohort Study.</p> <p>We also extend our gratitude to the <a href="https://doi.org/10.14469/hpc/2232">Imperial College Research Computing Service</a> for providing the computational resources to perform this study. Additionally, we thank the Office of Cyberinfrastructure and Computational Biology at the <a href="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases</a> for data management support; and Zulip for sponsoring team communications through the Zulip Cloud Standard chat app. </p> <p>All analysis code is available from <a href="https://github.com/MLGlobalHealth/longi_viral_loads">https://github.com/MLGlobalHealth/longi_viral_loads</a>.</p> </div>
Figure 2 in Age, growth and mortality of the pearly razorfish Xyrichtys novacula (Linnaeus, 1758) (Labridae) in the Gulf of Tunis
Figure 2. – Size frequency distributions of Xyrichtys novacula in the Gulf of Tunis (n = 115).
Data from: Flortaucipir PET uncovers relationships between tau and β-amyloid in aging, primary age related tauopathy, and Alzheimer disease
<p>[<sup>18</sup>F]-Flortaucipir PET is considered a good biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. However, it is unknown how flortaucipir is associated with the distribution of tau across brain regions and how these associations are influenced by β-amyloid. It is also unclear whether flortaucipir can detect tau in definite primary age-related tauopathy (PART). We identified 248 individuals at Mayo Clinic that had undergone [<sup>18</sup>F]-flortaucipir PET during life, had died, and undergone an autopsy, 239 cases of which also had β-amyloid PET. We assessed nonlinear relationships between flortaucipir uptake in nine medial temporal and cortical regions, Braak tau stage and Thal β-amyloid phase using generalized additive models. We found that flortaucipir uptake was greater with increasing tau stage in all regions. Increased uptake at low tau stages in medial temporal regions was only observed in cases with high β-amyloid phase. Flortaucipir uptake linearly increased with β-amyloid phase in medial temporal and cortical regions. The highest flortaucipir uptake occurred with high Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) scores, followed by low-intermediate ADNC scores, then PART, with entorhinal cortex providing the best differentiation between groups. Flortaucipir PET had limited ability to detect PART and imaging defined PART did not correspond with pathologically defined PART. In summary, spatial patterns of flortaucipir mirrored histopathological tau distribution, were influenced by β-amyloid phase, and were useful for distinguishing different ADNC scores and PART.</p>
Data from: Aged-vascular niche hinders osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells through paracrine repression of Wnt-axis
<p>Raw data set for: Fleischhacker V, Milosic F, Bricelj M, Kührer K, Wahl-Figlash K, Heimel P, Diendorfer A, Nardini E, Fischer I, Stangl H, Pietschmann P, Hackl M, Foisner R, Grillari J, Hengstschläger M, and Osmanagic-Myers S. Aged-vascular niche hinders osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells through paracrine repression of Wnt-axis. Aging Cell. 2024 Jun;23(6):e14139. doi: 10.1111/acel.14139. Epub 2024 Apr 5.</p> <p><span>Age-induced decline in osteogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) potentiates osteoporosis and increases risk for bone fractures. Despite e</span><span>pidemiology studies reporting concurrent development of vascular- and bone diseases in the elderly, the underlying mechanisms for the vascular-bone cross-talk in aging are largely unknown. </span><span>In this study, we show that accelerated endothelial aging deteriorates bone tissue through paracrine repression of Wnt-driven-axis in BMSCs. <span>Here, we utilize </span>physiologically aged mice<span> in conjunction with our transgenic endothelial progeria mouse model </span>(Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome; HGPS) that<span> displays hallmarks of an aged bone marrow vascular niche</span>. We find bone defects associated with diminished BMSC osteogenic differentiation that implicate the existence of angiocrine factors with long-term inhibitory effects. microRNA-transcriptomics of HGPS-patient plasma combined with aged-vascular niche analyses in progeria mice reveal abundant secretion of Wnt-repressive microRNA-31-5p. Moreover, we show that inhibition of microRNA-31-5p as well as selective Wnt-activator CHIR99021 boost the osteogenic potential of BMSCs through de-repression and activation of the Wnt-signalling, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the vascular niche significantly contributes to osteogenesis defects in aging and pave ground for microRNA-based therapies of bone loss in elderly.</span></p> <h1> </h1>
Annex B – Occurrence data on TBBPA and TBBPA derivatives in food submitted to EFSA, dietary surveys per country and age group available in the EFSA Comprehensive Database considered in the exposure assessment, and chronic dietary exposure to TBBPA and the contribution of different food groups to the dietary exposure
<p><span>This Annex contains the occurrence data submitted to EFSA, the dietary surveys per country and age group, and the chronic dietary exposure to PBDEs and the contribution of different food groups to the dietary exposure related to the Update of the risk assessment of TBBPA and its derivatives in food.</span></p>
Genetics of Cardiac Aging Implicate Organ-Specific Variation - GWAS Summary Stats and Model Weights
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Emergence of inflammatory fibroblasts with aging in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome associated pulmonary fibrosis
<p>The longitudinal cellular interactions that drive pulmonary fibrosis are not well understood. To investigate the disease underpinnings associated with fibrosis onset and progression, we generated a scRNAseq atlas of lungs from young and aged mouse models of multiple subtypes of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), a collection of rare autosomal recessive diseases associated with albinism, platelet dysfunction, and pulmonary fibrosis. We identified an age-dependent increase in SAA3<sup>+</sup> inflammatory lung fibroblasts in HPS mice, including in double-mutant HPS1-2 mice which develop spontaneous fibrosis. HPS1 fibroblasts showed increased expression of IL-1R1, whereas alveolar type II epithelial cells from HPS2 mice induced the inflammatory gene signature in co-cultured fibroblasts. scRNAseq of lung tissue from three HPS1 patients similarly showed the presence of inflammatory fibroblasts and increased <em>IL1R1</em> expression on fibroblasts. These data posit complex interactions between dysfunctional epithelial cells, inflammatory fibroblasts, and recruited immune cells, suggesting potential opportunities for mitigation of the fibrotic cascade. </p> <p>This record contains gzipped anndata h5ad (hdf5) files corresponding to the human scRNA-seq data analyzed during this study. One file (`adata_processed_data_generated_in_study_zenodo.h5ad`) contains only data derived from new samples processed in this study. Another file (`adata_processed_combined_zenodo.h5ad`) contains the aforementioned data from new samples, as well as data from previously published studies that are publicly available (Guo et. al., 2023, Tsukui et.al., 2022, Habermann et. al., 2020). Raw gene expression counts, as well as normalized counts, are provided as values in the `layers` attribute of the anndata object. Cell annotations and projection coordinates are similarly provided in the `obs` and `obsm` attributes of the object, respectively. The AnnData and Scanpy python libraries are required to load and re-process these data. </p>
Products for "An absolute mass, precise age, and hints of planetary winds for WASP-121 A and b from a JWST NIRSpec phase curve"
<p>The repository contains radial velocity data for WASP-121b from Sing, Evans-Soma, Rustamkulov, Lothringer, Mayne, & Schlaufman from the paper titled "An absolute mass, precise age, and hints of planetary winds for WASP-121 A and b from a JWST NIRSpec phase curve" (2024, AAS jounals). The record contains two data files corresponding to JWST/NIRSpec radial velocity data as shown in Figures 6 (NRS2) and 7 (NRS1). Each file contains five collumns, normalized time (BJD_TDB-2400000.5) in days, orbital phase, the planet radial velocity (km/s) and the 1-sigma uncertainties in the radial velocity (km/s).</p>
Fig. 1 in Age, Growth and Reproduction of Coryphaena hippurus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Maltese Waters, Central Mediterranean
Fig. 1: FADs setup (Adapted from Farrugia Randon, 1995).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.